Incwadi ethi "Ukubulala i-Mockingbird" (Harper Lee): ukuhlaziywa. "Bulala i-mockingbird": isalathisi, isishwankathelo esifutshane

Abantu abaninzi ngaphambi kokuba ufunde incwadi ethile, zama ukufumana lokuqala nophononongo ezahlukahlukeneyo. "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird '- umsebenzi wahlanganiselwa kubantu enkulu yabantu zokufunda Sivuya kakhulu ngale wobugcisa kunye wamshiya kuye ngokunzulu gqitha, ngoko ke kulindelekile ukuba abaninzi bazama ukuba ukufunda ngalo ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi.

Imbali umbhali

Kanye nabanye abaninzi, nombhali wolu msebenzi isaziwa njenge "ubungqondi incwadi enye." Eyona nto kukuba inoveli "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" Harper yaba umsebenzi kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yale ncwadi, ekugqibeleni ndafumana inguqulelo epheleleyo phantse kuzo zonke iilwimi zehlabathi, umbhali wawongwa yokuhlonipheka kweli owazuza Prize.

Koko Library Journal uye waqaphela ukuba umsebenzi kwinoveli kakuhle kubhaliwe Melika lonke kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, yaye ngokuhamba kwexesha umbhali wawongwa Molteno of Freedom kwakhona - US mbasa iphezulu emkhosini.

Umbhali ngokwakhe ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathi phezu impumelelo yomsebenzi wakhe. Ukuba sithethe ngento inoveli "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" umxholo, le nkcazelo iingxaki ezingundoqo eluntwini yelo xesha, kwakunye umbono wabo phezu inxalenye umntwana, nayo nayiphi na impumelelo yomsebenzi Harper akazange alindele. Kwakhona umbhali ukholelwa ukuba kwinoveli aluzi ezandleni abagxeki ukuba olukhawulezayo "ukufa." Kodwa wayecinga ukuba nabani ncwadi zisangena uthanda, yaye ngakumbi kodwa waqhubeka ukubhala. Ngamanye amazwi, ukubhala "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird," wayefuna ukuba incinane, kodwa ekugqibeleni nakukufumana oko ngakumbi.

Yintoni na le incwadi?

"Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" - inoveli, eyapapashwa esele kude kakhulu 1960. Umbhali wale piece yi American yi igama Harper Lee, buze kokwabo uhlobo kwinoveli lemfundo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, ngokungafaniyo inkoliso ezinye yobuciko namhlanje, lo msebenzi phantse nangoko nokwazeka kwayo uluntu ehlabathini, yaye kamva ngonyaka wafumana i Prize owazuza.

ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe yokuba abalinganiswa kunye bali lisekelwe Imigqaliselo zabantu umbhali iintsapho usapho kunye ezingabamelwane wakhe kufuphi kowabo. Ngokubanzi, le nkumbulo, njengoko uninzi umbhali, bevela-1936, xa wayeneminyaka eli-10 kuphela ubudala. Nangona le ncwadi ekuqaleni kanye wemfundo, abafundi abakubudala kuba zazithandwa kakhulu. "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" ngoku yinxalenye yeprogram yesikolo kunyanzelekile ukuba i US ngalo mzuzu kuba ifundwa nama-80% yenani lilonke lezikolo yaseMelika.

Le noveli yaziwa ukuba abaninzi ukuze Ngokwengcamango ezohlukileyo uburharha kunye imfudumalo ekhethekileyo. Umoya onjalo isebenza basaqhubeka nangona inkqubo yokufunda kuxoxwa ngayo izinto ezinzulu ezinjengezo ubuhlanga kunye nokudlwengula. Bawo unobalisa, ogama Attikus Inkonjane imodeli yokuziphatha langoku ukuba umfundi ngamnye, kwaye imele umzekelo eyodwa ummeli ngokunyaniseka. Xa amazwi mhlalutyi yasekhaya E. B. Kuzmin, Harper Lee nayo inika isifundo yabantu ophezulu kunye isibindi, ngokuba Atticus, enyanisweni, ivamile ngokupheleleyo nendoda ukungaqapheleki, kodwa kwangaxeshanye oko kuboniswa ngalo emehlweni abantwana bafumana shushu ukuziphatha kwakhe into ekugqibeleni bona ibaluleke ngokwenene.

Mhlawumbi yiloo nto oonyana ushiye le ncwadi reviews ezintle. "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" kubonisa ukuba umntwana ngamnye sele efumene ingqiqo yobulungisa, leyo isegazini, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, phantsi kwempembelelo kwehlabathi, abantwana baqala ufumane zonke iintlobo abasephantsi, ngokuthe ngcembe ngakumbi yaye buthelezi ngakumbi nale ngxaki.

Awards and Amabhaso

Ngokutsho Air Force nenguqulo kunyaka 2003 simo phezulu 200 zehlabathi kweencwadi le noveli wema endaweni lesithandathu, kwaye ekuqaleni kuka-2016 zethala ogcweleyo lifikelele iikopi ezingama-30 ezigidi. translation Russian yomsebenzi owenziweyo Raisoy Oblonskoy kunye Noroy Gal, kungaba umdla kwabo bahlala phantsi kwempembelelo ezintle kule ncwadi, nasekhohlo kuwo reviews ezintle. "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" - yenye yezo iincwadi zokufunda ezifunekayo kuwo wonke umntu. Ngokusesikweni, kunjalo, le mbono sixhasa kuphela urhulumente US.

Umbhali uye wadala abalinganiswa ezisekelwe abantu bokwenene, yinto elaziwayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwase ka idile, umhlobo abalinganiswa abaphambili, yinto umbhali American ogama Truman Capote, awanyakazela ngayo umbhali umhlobo ebuntwaneni bakhe, njengoko wayehlala ebumelwaneni.

Kwakhona kwakubekwe ezixabisa kukuba lwentaka - akukho avele akhethwa ifani, uyise isiqhulo Harper kaThixo.

umyalezo ophambili

Kwincwadi "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird," kugxile ibali malunga ibali achukumisayo kusapho uhlala kwidolophu encinane ebizwa ngokuba Mayombo, Alabama. Zonke isenzo kwenzeka ngexesha banesifo zenkulungwane lokugqibela, ngexesha Great Depression, kwaye ibali ngokwayo isixelela intombazana eneminyaka engama esibhozo.

Xa "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird," ibali ubonisa abafundi kakhulu entsonkothileyo, ingacaci nehlabathi eziphikisanayo luvula amehlo umntwana, kwaye nalo ke uhamba kunye nomfundi. Kule yonke kukho zonke; ingxaki abadala kunye noloyiko zabantwana, le elibuhlungu banxanelwe ekufuneni ubulungisa, banikwe ukuntsonkotha usapho kunye neengxaki ngokobuhlanga, kufanelekile mlonyeni kakhulu ngexesha lokuba Umzantsi Melika.

I inoveli "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" iqulethe embindini kwimbali ukuqotywa womntu omnyama, ngubani otyholwa ulwaphulo-mthetho ukuba uzinikele kubo. Noko ke, uyise ka umlinganiswa ophambili, i igqwetha, emva konke, wagqiba ekubeni ukuyimela abaselula izinyo umntu kunye nokulwa kunye nail ukufumana ubulungisa. Nangona kuba ezininzi uhlekisa.

Akuve i "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" Lungiselela nga kalukhuni, ndoxelelwa ngubani ukuchaza izithembiso ezisisiseko zomsebenzi.

indaba

Le ncwadi iqala kunye ibali ukhokho yentsapho ntaka, owayebizwa ngokuba nguSimon. Yena ungumWisile, yaye kwangaxeshanye ezama ukuba aphetshwe ngokwenkolo eNgilani, apho ekugqibeleni Wamsa Alabama. Apha wathola ubutyebi bakhe, nangona yokuba iinkolelo ezithile zonqulo, wagqiba ekubeni athenge amakhoboka ezimbalwa. Enyanisweni, lo kuphela sebali, leyo uxelela umfundi ukuba aqonde imvelaphi yentsapho abalinganiswa abaphambili. Iqala Harper Lee "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird." Yiyiphi ncwadi ekuqaleni musa ukunika umfanekiso opheleleyo.

Eli bali ephambili iqala malunga neminyaka emithathu emva kwexesha kakhulu enzima Great Depression kwaye senzeka Meykomb, leyo etsomo kwaye ibekwe ngumbhali ngokuthi "udinwe ubomi obude." Ngokutsho mbalisi, isixeko kwiphondo Alabama.

Njengoko umlinganiswa ophambili kwinoveli kubonakala uJean Luiza ntaka, ngubani ubeminyaka isibhozo ezelwe yaye ehlala endlwini enye notata wakhe, Atticus, kunye nomntakwabo omdala uJim. Uyise wayesebenza igqwetha, kwaye kule ncwadi, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ukuba kubekwe umntu gqolo enobulungisa, osisilumko nobubele kunye nemigaqo eqinile yokuziphatha.

UJim kunye Jean ngequbuliso ndadibana nomfana ogama idile esihambela Meykomb ngamnye zasehlotyeni kutyelela anti wakhe. Kubonakala ukuba bonke abantwana bayathuka kakhulu kummelwane wabo ngegama Radley, nkqu wamnika igama elithi Boo. Sam Radley i yodwa yaye abafane wobonakala iliso.

Abadala Meykomba, umgaqo, uzama ngandlela zonke ukuba siphephe Ukuxoxa Zinjengonomgogwana, yaye kangangeminyaka emininzi, kuphela bambalwa ndibonile, kodwa abantwana ngenkuthalo useza ekuyileni nganye enye amarhe ezahlukeneyo ngenkangeleko yakhe, kwakunye kunokwenzeka ubangela ukuba kude kangaka. Ingakumbi, ukuba zicinge indlela ungazama ukuba awele endlwini. Emva iiholide zasehlotyeni ezimbini kunye idile, uJim kunye Jean wabona ukuba umntu eshiya rhoqo izipho ezincinane emthini, ibekwe kufuphi nendlu Radley. Ngenxa yoko, amaxesha amaninzi umntu ongaqondakaliyo kubanceda Imiqondiso ecacileyo ingqalelo, kodwa ke abantwana badanile ukuba akazange abe nobuganga ukuba avele phambi kwabo buqu.

Ngeli xesha, Atticus wagqiba ekubeni bathathe ishishini yokulahlekelwa, uzama ngandlela zonke ukuba ukulwela amalungelo Tom Robinson - amnyama, edlula kwi isigxina adlwengule ibhinqa eliselula abaseAfrika, nangona inkoliso yabantu abangawuthobeliyo kwisikhundla sokuba igqwetha, ndikuchase nokuba ngamandla. Abanye abantwana basoloko simhleke umzalwana nodade ngenxa yezenzo uyise, Jin uzama ukufumana nokukhuselwa kwesidima utata wakhe, nangona wamxelela ukuba oku akuyomfuneko. Atticus sele zihlaselwa kunye neqela labantu abahamba onke kuye Lynch Tom, kodwa nengozi phezu abantwana abathathu kudana isihlwele, ebanyanzela ukuba ukujonga imeko eqhubekayo ngokwembono uTom kunye Atticus.

Ngenxa yokuba i-Pope akazange afune ukumonakalisa abantwana babo zokulingwa uTom Robinson, idile, uJim kunye uJean Bagqiba kwelokuba bafihle kwi ibhalkhoni. Atticus wathi ngabatshutshisi, leyo Meyella kunye notata wakhe igama Bob Ewell (kwaye naye inxila wendawo) ozama ezonakalisa umxhasi wakhe, yaye kwenzeka ukuba Meyella yodwa wazama ngokuphindiweyo Tom, kodwa emva kokuba uyise wakhe wabanjwa oku, yena waphathwa ngokumbetha. Nangona ubukho ubungqina ebalulekileyo kakhulu zimsulwa umxhasi wakhe, Atticus akazange ukuphatha ukuqinisekisa labagwebi, apho uJim Atticus kudana kakhulu kwi US okusesikweni, njengoko Tom kwixesha elizayo kufutshane ezijoliswe ngelixa ezama ukubaleka.

Noko ke, oku akuthethi iphele ibali 'ukubulala Mockingbird "- umbhali (Harper Lee) uzama ukubuyisela ubulungisa. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ityala elo, igama Bob Ewell kaThixo zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo, waza wagqiba ekubeni Impindezelo yeyam. Esitratweni kuloo ntlanganiso, yena wamtshicela esidlangalaleni ebusweni Atticus, yaye emva koko azame ukuba singene endlwini Ijaji, ukusongela naye umfazi uTom Robinson, waye yena engumhlolokazi. Emva koko wagqiba lokuhlasela ukuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo uJean UJim ngelo xesha baya emakhayeni abo emva kokuphela iqela yesikolo neHalloween. Ngequbuliso othile eza kubanceda abantwana, yaye indoda twisisaka ephethe UJim kunye ingalo eyaphukileyo endlwini apho nkwenkwe wazi ukuba kwandinceda Boo Radley efanayo.

Emva koku, waqalwa "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird." Umbhali (Harper Lee) isixelela indlela unothimba Meykomba uyabona ukuba Bob Ewell wafa ekulweni, uze uthi kunye Atticus malunga ubulumko okanye uJim Radley uxanduva. Igqwetha, ekugqibeleni, ukwamkela uguqulelo unothimba ngaloo Ewell nje ngengozi wawa phezu imela yakhe, kwaye Zinjengonomgogwana ucela Jin ukuba ahambe naye endlwini yakhe, yaye emva uthi ntle kuye emnyango wangaphambili, kuba engabonakali ngokupheleleyo inyamalala. Jin yi kwiveranda Radley ngokwayo yaye uzama ukuqonda ubomi ibukeka njani ngokwembono umnini-ndlu, ezisola ukuba ngebengabanga ithuba ndibulele kuye izipho zenziwe kubo.

ukuhlolwa

Imveliso ye 'ukubulala Mockingbird "ucaphula ngoko kunqunyulwa engqondweni kwaye ibe nentsingiselo enzulu, ukuba sele ngowe-1962, uyalele ngu Robert Mulligan wagqiba ekubeni efilimini kwinoveli elitsha umboniso wakhe. Indima ephambili movie wanika Gregory zalixhola, kunye nomfanekiso ekugqibeleni yajika ukuba abe naye yimpumelelo, ukuze ukuba ukhethwe "Oscar" kanye kwiindidi ezisibhozo ezahlukeneyo. Le filimu iphumelele ngokweendidi ezi ntathu:

• Umdlali Best;
• indawo engcono;
• Adapted Best Isikrini.

Ngenxa yoku, ukusuka 'ukubulala Mockingbird "kuchaphulo olu baqalisa ekusasazeni ehlabathini jikelele, kwaye movie ukuya kumhla phambili rhoqo amazinga ahlukeneyo ezi bhanyabhanya best yakhululwa kwimbali cinema yaseMelika. Ngokufuthi, nangakumbi kwamanye amazwe, eli ipateni ithathwa njengenye imisebenzi mkhulu kwimbali bhanya ehlabathini lonke.

Kungenxa yesi sizathu nolwamkelo "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" nekucetyiswa ukuba ukubukela, kwakunye nokufunda inoveli.

Ubona ntoni apha?

Phantse zonke ofunda le ncwadi inika andinakuyilibala.

Kungokwemvelo ukuba "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" inkcazelo awukwazi ukuveza kakuhle umsebenzi, ngoko mhlawumbi isizathu ukuyifunda ukuba umntu abe angqina ezivela kubantu bachukunyiswa yile ncwadi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iimpendulo, ngaphandle ezinqabileyo, aseleyo HIV kuphela.

Noko ke, abanye abasebenzisi lubonisa ukuba "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" kwinguqulelo igama lesiqhulo umlinganiswa ophambili akukho kakhulu ilungile, kodwa bona badla bathi oku akukho ndlela kuchaphazela uluvo ngokubanzi kwaye ezonakalisa imbono incwadi translation Russian.

iingongoma eziphambili

Ukuba sithethe malunga nemisebenzi ephambili yale ncwadi, ibhiyozelwe abafundi, kubalulekile ukuphawula ezimbalwa:

• Nsimbi. Le noveli angafundwa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kunye nabo bakwishumi elivisayo nabantu abadala akayi kwenza iimalana ngenxa yokuba imveliso ekuqaleni senzelwe kuphela iincwadi zabantwana.
• Diversity. Apha sicinga ngenani enkulu iingxaki, nto leyo ilula kakhulu noluqondakalayo zichazwe iinkcukacha, nokuba ujonge transfer wabo sele ukufumana isincoko elungileyo.
• Philaretus. Kwinkqubo ukulifunda kucaca ukuba umbhali ebekwe iingcamango zivela kumava akhe. Ngexesha indalo "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" ngento ukubhala, umbhali akazange acinge - wayazi.
• mathuba ezimbi. Nangona isibakala sokuba ncwadi abantwana yokuqala ka-abadala bade ngamanye amaxesha uqaphele amaxesha oyikisayo ukuba ngokwenene ezibonisa ubunyani kwethu phakathi kwenu. Kwaye oku kusebenza ukuba zamasikizi malunga yokubhuqwa abamnyama, yaye, umzekelo, emoyeni okudalwe Zinjengonomgogwana - umntu wasemzini ohlala endlwini obukhulu kwaye baphile ubomi yodwa.
• Education. Ekubeni lo inoveli zemfundo, isihloko unikwa ingqwalasela eyodwa, nkqu ingxaki yokubhuqwa abantsundu ekugqibeleni iya ecaleni kwendlela. Atticus umi phambi kwethu njengoko ubawo ofanelekileyo, yaye ujika ukuba nkqu kufuneka ufunde naziphi na iincwadi bengqondo elivisayo, iphele ubunokwazi ulwimi olufanayo nomntwana, yaye kwanele ukufunda le ncwadi, ngenxa yokuba kungekho ibinzana elathethwa Atticus malunga ngemfundo yabantwana babo, asikwazi kuthiwe ayilunganga, uyaganga, okanye engeyomfuneko. Kwangaxeshanye, ekugqibeleni, uziva ukhululekile yi umntwana, hayi abazali.
• Ubuhlanga. Umbhali bemchukumisa kwaye oku isihloko zihlabane oko ingakumbi ezinxulumene States of America loo minyaka.
• emqondweni Herd. Umntwana luthoba isihlwele esikhulu ngendlela elula, ebabela zibe kumacandelo ezincinane kwaye yenze bonke ucinga ngento eyenzekayo.

ingcaciso emfutshane

Kuyinto elungileyo ezilungileyo kwincwadi, elithanda loya, kodwa akusoloko nobuganga ukuyithenga ukufunda. Kuthatha umfundi ebuntwaneni kwaye ibonisa indlela siseko wabeka ubomi wonke umntu, ngenxa yokuba abantwana ujonge ihlabathi kwamehlo abadala benze izigqibo zabo, nokuchonga ubuxoki encinane yaye ngoko nangoko qaphela ukungangqinelani phakathi kwamagama kunye nezenzo. Yiyo loo nto umntwana Asinakuze simkhohlise uThixo, yaye kubaluleke gqitha ukuba bahlale phambi kwakhe ngokwakhe.

Abantu abaninzi onale isihloko sale ncwadi, ngenxa yegama elifanayo, ayiqabe ukuqweqwe abaninzi abantwana la imibutho ezimnandi kakhulu, nangona ezinye vula efanayo umdla nkqu kancinane. Ngethamsanqa, umsebenzi idla ifakiwe ekwakhiweni yeengqokelela ezahlukeneyo, yaye abaninzi ezijongene ngokugqithisileyo ngazo kwaye ndizame ukufunda.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abanye abantu abaye bafunda inoveli "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" umxholo, nokuba onekhwele kancinane kwabo okwangoku ukufunda, kodwa emva kokufunda lonke sebali sisasetyenziswayo kwakhona funda-izihlandlo eziliqela le ncwadi, ezama ukunikela ingqalelo yakhe phezu kwezinye izinto ezinzulu, amanqaku, accounting Pick phakathi kwemigca.

Oko sinokukufunda?

Enyanisweni, le mveliso ifumaneka kakhulu iingcamango luncedo malunga nokufundisa, malunga kwimfundo yabantwana babo, kwakunye nembonakalo ihlabathi kunye eziphikisanayo kwezi mboniselo. Ukongeza, apha uyakwazi ukubona kobudlelwane usapho ifanelekileyo, leyo ke azibandakanyi nje kuphela unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantwana nabazali, kodwa yamnandi umzalwana ubuhlobo kunye nodade wayo, xa sele ukulungele ukumela omnye komnye kuzo zonke iimeko, kodwa abazange bazenze umthetho.

Yiloo nto esiya kukhangela ukuba inoveli "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" ngokutsha yi umfundi zesiqhelo. Oku nge akwaziqonda Amazing nje longeziwe kwisikolo esemthethweni lwenkqubo USA, yaye mhlawumbi kufuneka ziye zafakwa iinkqubo kwamanye amazwe incwadi, nangona ukuba asizizo zonke iingxaki kuyo iidilesi ezifanelekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje . Le ncwadi "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird" ziza kwaziswa zonke umntwana abadala, yaye loo nto akukho ukufunda kubalulekile kungekuphela nje abantwana kodwa wonke umntu.

Le ncwadi iqukiwe kuluhlu reference ngaphandle kokufunda ukuba ulahlekelwe kakhulu, nokuba yintoni ekugqibeleni babe uluvo ngale ncwadi. Inani elikhulu iibhonasi kunye nohlaziyo ikakhulu ezakhayo - oku kuphela inkuthazo eyongezelelweyo ukufunda yayo abo nangoku uthandabuze ingaba ukufunda inoveli Harper Li "Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird." Yiyiphi incwadi, ukuba ibe ngamazwi kancinci nje nzima - kubhetele ukufunda ngokwakho.