Umlinganiselo: Iintlobo yesikali. Iintlobo zemilinganiselo, ukuhlelwa, impazamo, iindlela kunye neendlela

Igama elithi "umlinganiselo" libhekisela nokuvavanywa ethile. Njengenxalenye Metrology eli gama iintsingiselo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko yokuqala esinayo engqondweni nokudalwa izihionipho ezinye iiyunithi. Kwangomlinganiselo yesibini kuyimfuneko ukuze nokuzala ixabiso eyodwa.

Overview

Makuboniswe wobungakanani emzimbeni ebizwa kuyimfuneko kuba wenza nomlinganiselo ithetha. Isetyenziswa ukudlala umva kwaye sigcine iiyunithi acwangciswe emzimbeni. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, ukulinganisa ubunzima okanye tsala. Kwihlabathi kukho inkcazelo eqhelekileyo ukuba ingcamango "leMitroloji". Le yesebe efunda ngesayensi yokulinganisa ubuchule yokudibanisa kubo, kwakunye nemithetho zokufumana kwinqanaba elifunekayo okuchaneka. Igama elithi "semetroloji" luqokelelane ngamagama lesiGrike kunye athetha "isifundo kwamanyathelo."

ukulandeleka

Kukho imithetho ethile entry, apho i parameters ezibhaliweyo ngokubhekiselele senziwe imithetho. Ngelo xesha kukho imida iziphumo yemposiso. Kule meko, izikhombisi zithathwa eyamkelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukudala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimpazamo womlinganiselo, eziya kwahluka yi iqondo kutenxa kokumiselweyo. Umsebenzi ophambili we ushicilelo kulawula ukuyiguqula zonke iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi zihlandlo ezahlukeneyo, besebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye ubuchule kwinkqubo enye. Ekuhambeni kwexesha zethu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ufumane iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ngakumbi kwaye zithembekile kwiinkalo yenzululwazi kunye economics. Ngoko ke, oko ngokunzima bafunda iindidi ngokwemilinganiso. LeMetroloji kubaluleke kakhulu.

Yesikali. Iintlobo zemilinganiselo

Kukho imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo interactive, ogama msebenzi ukucwangcisa iintlobo lobudlelane phakathi isixa loo uqikelelo, yaye bambalwa gqitha. Le yokugqibela ezisisigxina kwisixhobo sokulinganisa. ixabiso lenani - oku iinkcukacha. Baye elinye igama - sisalathisi kobungakanani emzimbeni. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo yokulinganisa. Bona ngokwabo iiyunithi kunye zombane, kunye nakumaziko aguqula amandla ezizodwa, kwakunye neesistim kunye nezityalo. "Dimension" kombono ngokubanzi kunye nexabiso. Iintlobo yokukala nazo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iingongoma ngokubanzi. Iintlobo kunye neendlela zemilinganiselo bamanyene sakhiwo enye. neenkqubo zokuvavanya luqulathe nezigaba ezibini. Okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa ixabiso ilinganiswa iyunithi reference, aze atshintshelwe kwifomati olifunayo ngokuqhagamshelana ngendlela ethile.

Ukwahluka

Ukwahlukana ayikho kuphela iindidi imilinganiselo. Ukuhlelwa nezixhobo yale nkqubo kukwaquka ubukho kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Kwamkelwa systematization yendawo, umzekelo. Elinye iqela izixhobo ekuthiwa ngumzekelo, kunye nezinye - abasebenzi. I yokuqala efunekayo ukuze usebenzise kubo benchmark ukukhangela ukuchana kweminye imilinganiselo. ke ngokusebenza nezo zenzelwe ukuqikelela ubungakanani amaxabiso ezithile ezisetyenziswa ngumntu. Sinokuthi intsingiselo kucalulo onjalo ukuchana isixhobo kunye nokungafani injongo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho nomlinganiselo. Iindidi imilinganiselo ziquka amanyathelo ezizodwa ngayo ngokutsha kwawo nawuphi ubukhulu ethile.

Single-bebalulekile kunye namanyathelo multi-kakhulu. umahluko

Kukho amanyathelo-zixabisekile abangatshatanga multi-kakhulu. Iqela lokuqala zezo abakwaziyo ukubonisa kuphela amaxabiso alingane. Ngenxa landelanisa yokuzala multi-eyaziswa iyafumaneka ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo. Loo umlinganiselo ukuba kuthiwe, umzekelo, aphindwe ulawulo. Kukwakho uhlobo iiseti akhiwa leeseti ezahlukeneyo amanyathelo. Bona lokuphinda i eliphakathi kwaye uhlanganise amaxabiso. Ngaphaya koko, imiqathango, ukuthetha, enze umsebenzi yonke, baze ngokwahlukileyo ngamnye. Ukuze ukuthelekisa ubukhulu kwesitya kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isixhobo okhethekileyo - a comparator. Indima yesi sixhobo kaninzi oku bekwenza-bayalingana zinamaxolo kwaye ibhulorho yokulinganisa. Ukuba amanyathelo ezicacile ngakumbi ukufunda, kuya kuba lula ukuba bathi kubo oluphezulu njengoko iisampulu zingangeni ababambeleyo kule ndima. Bathi sisincoko article kunye neepropati. ezinxaxhileyo okuncinane ayamkelekanga. Ezi izinto reference kunokunceda ukuvavanya umphezulu uburhabaxa, lukhuni, ukuchonga naziphi ezinye iimpawu eziphathekayo. Iisampulu kunceda ukudala ingongoma, akha isikali. Izinki negolide, umzekelo, kusetyenziswa xa kufuneka ukuba ufake lobushushu ethile.

okuchithwa

Impazamo kuvavanyo ngokucalula nokwahlula onke amanyathelo yamanzi eziliqela ezilandelelanayo. Kwimeko zokutenxa kwimiqathango reference ngokwabo wabumba division eklasini. Iiyunithi udidi oluthile lwezixhobo zitshekishwe impazamo womlinganiselo, ukuze kuthatyathwe iisampulu.

Converters. Overview

A isixhobo sokubala ukuba iintlobo iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe emva umlinganiselo data ezinjalo, apho ukuguqula, ukugcina kunye nenkqubo, Noko ke, ngaba cha phendla kuye ukufikelela olubonakalayo ubizwa ngokuba transducer. Yintoni ukusebenza kwayo? Makhe sihlolisise le zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Umongo inguqu

Xa ixabiso ilungisiwe kuphela xa kusingathwa, ibizwa ngokuba ixabiso igalelo. Kwaye ulwazi engumphumela waziwa ngokuba "output". Converter-sesimangalo - sisixhobo ongavelisi kuzakuthsintsha imeko ebonakalayo ye data ukuqhubekekiswa, kwaye inguqu ngumsebenzi yomgama. Igama elithi "amandla" lisetyenziswa kunye ilizwi, echaza isenzo sakhe. Umzekelo, "msindo ombane." Ukuba ngexesha ixabiso ukuguqulwa atshintshelwe kwenye, igama ifowuni ifumana ixabiso elitsha - "Electro".

iintlobo converters

Kuxhomekeka nokuba emi kuyo, inokuba converter lokuqala apho yinxalenye yesixhobo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixabiso elilinganisiweyo ugqitha ngqo ngalo. Kananjalo idluliselwe. Amaxabiso zenzeka ilandelayo unyango. Le lokuguqulela ingaba intermediate. Le esemva zaseprayimari.

Instruments. Overview

izixhobo zokulinganisela zithathwa ukuba babe iindlela enjalo ukufumana idata kwi ubukhulu, abazimeleyo ngendlela olufikelekayo ukuba uhlolo olubonakalayo. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo iingqikelelo adityaniswa kumaqela athile. Ngoko ke, zithathwa ukuba izixhobo zixhaphakileyo, eqhuba imilinganiselo ngqo. peculiarity wabo ukuba ukuguqula data ekrwada, eshiya akukho lwazi malunga nesimo sabo sokuqala. Kukho kwakhona azizixhobo likuvumela ukuba wenze nemilinganiselo ngqo.

ukuthelekisa izixhobo

Noko ke, izixhobo kunye isenzo ngqo akunguye inembe kakhulu. eliphezulu kakhulu lolu laka kwifowni uthelekiso. ukusebenza kwayo isekelwe uthelekiso data ezifunyenwe yi nomlinganiselo yezahlukileyo bafundele ulwazi esele eyaziwayo malunga nezinye iimfundiso. Le ndlela kuthiwa kwaye "umlinganiselo ngqo". ukulungiselela zazo kunokwenzeka ukuba idatha engumthombo. Ngamanye amazwi, i parameters yeempawu akhiwa enika umlinganiselo ngqo. Iintlobo yokukala zineendidi eziliqela. Ukuze ukuthelekisa amaxabiso, kufuneka usebenzise imbuyekezo okanye ibhulorho kwiisekethe. Okokuqala ngokuthelekisa ezo amaxabiso ukuba abe amandla okanye igunya. Le ndlela isekelwe kwinto yokuba amaxabiso kuthelekiswa oxhulumene kwi wesekethe loop nasekuphicotheni ukubonakaliswa zabo. Kwimeko enye, ukuba ixabiso uthathwa ukuba zezenzi, ngamanye iye isiphaluka ukumelana ibhulorho iyasetyenziswa.

isakhelo Distribution ngokungqinelana nenkqubo

Xa ifowuni, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo reference data ukuya variables kufundwa. Ngoko ke, kucalulo okhethekileyo zadalwa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, sinokugqiba ukuba kukho izixhobo ukuzala, equka analogue nje kuphela kodwa digital. Olunye uhlobo izixhobo - abo ulwazi irekhodi. Ethandwa kakhulu iingcinga analog. candelo lwabo noxanduva lokugcina ireferensi, amiliswe of iinxalenye ezimbini. Eyokuqala isikali oludityaniswe inxalenye eshukumayo. Enye elementi isixhobo - a isalathisi odityaniswe umzimba kwefowuni. meters Action, isekelwe phezu umgaqo lwedijithali abanomsebenzi sisiphumo lweziqalelo mechanical kunye elektroniki.

Ukwahluka ye indlela yokurekhoda

Kukho omnye Ulwahlulo kwezixhobo zokurekhodisha. Umzekelo, indlela apho kwabhalwa isixhobo ubhaliso data. Kukho izixhobo, abalobi kunye neeprinta. Ukunikezwa yokuqala ezifunyenweyo alungiswa ulwazi kunye nobuninzi zomlinganiselo ngohlobo iigrafu, iitshati nemizobo. Ababhalisi abasebenza inguqu kubo series wokwamanani lo mgaqo wesibini, ukusebenza malunga iteyiphu yephepha,. Amaxesha amaninzi kukho zizixhobo asebenza ngokuthelekisa umzekelo, leyo ziyintlanganisela zonke iintlobo oku kungasentla, oko kukuthi, bamele iseti iimbekiselo kwi isikali indlela digital. ushicilelo Data, inkqubo kunye noshicilelo enokwenziwa ngohlobo ngeetshathi ne imizobo uthotho amaxabiso digital, kunye namanani.

izinto Auxiliary zokuhlola

Kukho kwakhona izixhobo abangabancedani kunye nezixhobo nomlinganiselo. A feature of izixhobo ezinjalo kukuba nje kuphela ukuqhuba uphando kumaxabiso zabo. Ukuba banako ukulawula ukusebenza isiqalelo engundoqo, isiphumo yayo ekutshintsheni mzuzu yolwazi lokufunda, kwaye xa kusetyenzwa okanye akusebenzi. Idatha ebonelela iindlela ezongezelelweyo ukunceda ulawulo kwaye uhlele ufundo idivayisi. Umzekelo, ngokuba umsebenzi ngobuchule ithemomitha kufuneka kwakhona ufake usebenzsa uxinzelelo, apho umlinganiselo yengcinezelo kokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, izixhobo abangabancedani ungatshintsha izicwangciso Imitha isebenza. Ngenxa yoko, kwimeko usebenzisa isixhobo zobhaliso kwinqanaba ukufuma ukufaka uluhlu lwamaxabiso.

izicwangciso

Kukho iimeko apho, ukuze afumane imilinganiselo ngqo ngakumbi data, isixhobo omnye kwanele. Kule meko, siza ukuba bazalise iinkqubo eziquka izixhobo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Bona ihlelwe ulandelelwano elithile indawo elinganiselwe. Ezinye izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo umlinganiselo aggregate iguqulelwa kwinkqubo enye. Kokuba unikwa uxanduva yokuqokelela, systematization kunye nokulungiswa ulwazi okhangeleka kumbukeli.

inkqubo

On kwelinye inqanaba, kukho iinkqubo umlinganiselo. Ngokungafaniyo izakhiwo ezinjalo ukususela kwiinkqubo ezichazwe ngasentla kukuba ukuze saa intsimi enkulu, nobudlelane ololwazi ngamajelo ezizodwa. Idatha kwezi nkqubo ziyafumaneka iifom ezimbini. Enye yazo ifikeleleka kumntu wokwenene, aqhuba ngayo umfundi. Enye unyango ibandakanyeka kwikhompyutha.

Iimpawu

Kukho izixhobo ogama msebenzi ukufunda kubonakaliswa iipropati emzimbeni. Ewe kuthiwa indicators. Enye yale khosi chemistry yesikolo yonke ezaziwayo test litmus enxulumene indlela yokubonisa. Inaliti ikhampasi kwakhona ingqalelo esi sixhobo. Ngaphezu koko, isimangalo ezivakalisa izibaso komgangatho itanki yamafutha izithuthi, nayo sisalathisi.