Nvidia GeForce GTX 470: iinkcukacha, review

NVIDIA iye kakhulu ixesha elide, uyilo enenkcukacha ngezakhiwo ukuxhasa ofaneleyo ukhuphiswano imveliso eyenziweyo. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi amatyala malunga emibini iminyaka kwi nkampani ukuba afudukele ukusuka kwenye series ukuya elilandelayo.

yalibaziseka ukuba amakhadi release GTX 470 yemizobo kuba ababhekisi zanyanzeleka ukuba kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuze ubekeko lwezakhiwo, kwakukho iingxaki ezithile kunye nemveliso, ekugqibeleni wadala nj kwaba kukhulu kakhulu shushu kakhulu xa besenza umsebenzi wabo. Ngoko ke, lo mjikelo wahlala phantse ncam, kodwa ukususela ikhadi lwangaphambili sele uphumile phantse iminyaka emibini. Kodwa ke, kunjalo, ekhutshwe GTX ikhadi 470 yaye uthi ekuqaleni ukubizwa ngokuba inkokeli zeteknoloji ngexesha lakhe. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba abanjalo.

GeForce 400

Ngokwemveli, NVIDIA inikwa ngexesha elifanayo amakhadi amabini imizobo, le GTX 470 no 480, kodwa uguqulelo lokuqala ezivame kakhulu kubasebenzisi namhlanje.

nangoko Iingcali waphethulela ingqalelo yabo inani transistors, esasisetyenziswa Fermi. Ukusebenzisa le parameter ukuba ngqo njani okulungileyo nj entsha, ngenxa yokuba ngaphezu kabini nje bengenamveliso xa kuthelekiswa flagship sangaphambili inkampani, ngokunjalo izihlandlo enye enesiqingatha ngaphezu kwi Cypress mihla ngakumbi, oko kukuthi i kakhulu, nemiphumo emihle kakhulu.

Kakade ke, eli nani kubonakala ngqo apha bubushushu. Xa inkqubo GTX 470 senziwa ukusebenzisa NM-40 Inkqubo yobugcisa, apho umahluko pack thermal, kunye izixhobo efanayo malunga efanayo njengoko umahluko inani transistors.

features technical

Ekuqaleni, kwagqitywa ukusebenzisa CUDA-512 iziqhubekisi, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, esi sigqibo lubaxekile, ukuze nani lancipha kancinane ukuze sinciphise ukusasaza ubushushu, kwakunye ukwandisa imveliso yeetships zokusebenza ngokwenene. Noko ke, ekugqibeleni ikhadi iya kuba luyabiza kakhulu kuba uninzi lwabo bazisebenzisayo.

into engaqhelekanga kukuba amaza imemori nkqu imodeli kakhulu nemveliso incinane ezikhuphisanayo isisombululo HD 5850. Le iyonke memory 'u kwe GeForce GTX 470, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yayisebenzisa iitshiphusi ngokukhawuleza, banike ithuba unikezelo wayo ozakube usaqhutywa .

Indlela iziphatha kule midlalo?

Zombini ezi modeli iquka inkxaso ye iDirectX 11. Xa emarikeni yaqala ukubonakala Evergreen imodeli card indlela yemizobo, kwakungekho phantse nto yintoni ukuba ukuvavanya izakhono kwesi sixhobo, kodwa kwakhululwa GeForce GTX 470 meko ayikatshintshi. Imidlalo ukuba akwazi ukuxhasa ezintsha API, sasikwanti iimeko, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, Kakade ke, wakhutshwa inani elikhulu lweeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, apho ukusetyenziswa kwekhadi ividiyo enjalo. Nanamhlanje ukusetyenziswa kwayo kangangoko ukuba uninzi lwabantu imidlalo, kwaye ukuba zakutshanje ayikwazi ukudlalwa kwi iimfuno eliphezulu, elo eliphakathi, okanye ubuncinane ubuncinane oko kuya ukugcina uzinzo.

Njengesiqhelo, inkampani yagqiba ukugembula ngokukuthembela yakho NVIDIA GeForce GTX 470 ukusebenza loo namathuba wanikela yokugqibela iDirectX, ngokunjalo ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo GPGPU baxhasa elizayo.

Le sesakhiwo chip entsha

Isixhobo esitsha kwakusetyenziswe chip nge bokwakha omtsha obizwa GF100. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho abathile umahluko omkhulu owayephambi yayo, ukuyila izinto ezintsha wahlala scalar, ukuze ukuba ukulinganiselwa ezithile ababekho. Kancinci satshintsha ukwakheka of iziqhubekisi njongo jikelele, leyo kwagqitywa ukudibanisa ku iibhloko enkulu kangangoko. Imifanekiso GT200 iiyunithi ayebizwa TPC, yaye nganye kuzo ziquka zonke izincedisi eziyimfuneko ezinokuthi xa besebenza kunye imizobo, ngaphandle iibhloko rasterization. Kwixa elizayo, ezi nkampani ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukwenza ezininzi iinguqulelo yokuphuma NVIDIA GeForce GTX 470, apho iibhloko ezinjalo mhlawumbi kobonelelo okanye ilungiswe.

Kwibloko nganye enjalo yemodeli chip odlulileyo langoku ezintathu (multiprocessors iyathontelana) SM, kunye neeyunithi uburhabaxa ezisibhozo kwaye cache lokuqala inqanaba 16 KB. Kwibhloko yamacebo ezintsha, ke, omnye Raster Injini iye yasetyenziswa, yaye ezine SM, xa nganye apho kowabo iiyunithi ezikhoyo cache kunye nemvakalo. Ngelo chip nye, kukho ngaxeshanye iibhloko ezine isixa kokunikezela umsebenzisi pixels 32 clock nganye.

multiprocessors Streaming

Ukuba sicinga isixhobo kwinqanaba SM, umahluko kakhulu kakhulu, ekubeni xa wakhululwa evela NVIDIA GTX 470, iingcali ezininzi ekubonise ukuba kukho SM omkhulu ezizimeleyo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, sizukulwana card 8 SP, kwakunye 2 SFU, kodwa ngoku inani labo kunye nomlinganiselo laguquka, apho kwisixhobo ngalinye elikhoyo kwi-4 SFU, 32 CUDA Core, 16 kunye neeyunithi Layisha / Store.

Kwimeko nganye kwezi multiprocessors abasisizukulwana sabo sesithathu kukho ezininzi iziqhubekisi ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye kwimemori ekwabelwana olunika tessellation zekhompyutha.

Ngenxa yokuba le iziqhubekisi ukuguda noburhabaxa, ngokunjalo zonke ezifanelekileyo multiprocessors efihlakeleyo memory baye bafudukela ngaphakathi, ababhekisi bakwazi ukufikelela kakuhle kakhulu ngakumbi ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo. Kwathiwa isigqibo kwakhona ngokupheleleyo izakhiwo lwangaphakathi zezi zixhobo, ukwandisa amaza yomsebenzi wabo, kunye izihlandlo ezithathu umthamo ngumphakamo wesibini memory eli lisetyenziswa kwinkqubo texturing.

imemori ezifanayo

kwimemori ekwabelwana ngayo iye sele idityaniswe nalawa L1 cache, nto leyo ehambisana kwimemori baya kuthunyelwa ngokufanelekileyo, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo karhi kwenziwa ngalo mzuzu icebo. Ngaphambili imemori eqhelekileyo yayiquka kuphela 16 KB, nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo umsebenzi, izixhobo uya kukwabela 64 KB lwe memory. Ukuba okwangoku, kukho inani elikhulu yokuhlala emzimbeni, ngoko ke KB 48 yememori khadi GTX 470 isasaze ku L1. Ukuba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo isixa esikhulu ixesha lokuba afune iinkcukacha ezithile, oko ligcinwa kwinkumbulo ekwabelwana. Phakathi kwezinye izinto luncedo GPGPU nayo kathathu inani L2 cache kwi GTX 470. Izikhankanyi Product, nikhule kuko ngakumbi bahamba phambili xa kuthelekiswa ne okhuphisana.

tessellation

IiTessellation yenye iimpawu eziphambili ikhadi Radeon HD 5000. ikhadi Video NVIDIA GeForce GTX 470, nto, emhlabeni obungcono ukuphunyezwa kwale algorithm.

Le API iDirectX 11, kukho inkxaso "iimaphu ukubana" ezithile ukuguda umthamo. Ngenxa yoko, pixel nganye ibekwe umfanekiselo ukuguda noburhabaxa, ndoziqiqa ukuphakama kwayo. Le texture lusetyenziswa umdlalo ukuze enze umfanekiso eneenkcukacha.

Oku kulapho uza tessellation, apho mayixhotyiswe Isishwankathelo GTX 470. se algorithm wabonisa ukuba yonke mosaic amiliswe ukusuka kwisayithi enye. Le iteknoloji isetyenziswa kungakhathaliseki iimephu ukubana, kodwa imiphumo onomtsalane zingafezekiswa kuphela xa zisetyenziswa kunye. Iincopho weepholigoni ezenza uya kuhla okanye ukukhwela ukuya ukuphakama, nto leyo nkqubo kwimodeli oxelwe kwigumbi khadi.

Ziziphi iingenelo?

Enyanisweni, imodeli ifunyenwe efana ngokupheleleyo ukuba ninzi ephakamileyo umgangatho, ngoyaba ngaxeshanye, ninzi ephantsi, t. To. Oku kuya kukunika ndingabalula echanekileyo shadow ngokuchanekileyo, ukuchitha ngaloo zonke umyalelo ubukhulu izibonelelo ezimbalwa.

Ngamanye amazwi, NVIDIA GTX 470 iimpawu ezinjalo ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukulayisha i amakhadi umfuziselo memory, lo gama i-mva akayi kuba ukwenza ekulayisheni kunye nokothula amaziko kunye namanye amanqanaba iinkcukacha, inyaniso yamacebo sangaphambili. Zonke iinkqubo zenziwa inguquko ngqo ngaphakathi ikhadi ngexesha iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo olunika scalability kakhulu. Kuxhomekeka phambi kwamandla computing ngokupheleleyo ezamahala iya kuba kufutshane kwimaphu ukubana kunye nokuchaneka ethile, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza GTX 470. Uphengululo Umsebenzisi yejometri zibonisa ukuba nobugcisa buphucuka kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuncomeka computer ngexesha kusetyenzwayo kweenkqubo iigrafiki ezintsonkothileyo.

Ziziphi abasebenzisi bathini?

Ingxelo evela kubasebenzisi, uhlaziye ikhompyutha yakho ngokufaka imephu kuchaziwe ibonisa ukuba emva izinga kwaba lula ukubeka yonke imidlalo izicwangciso ubuninzi. Umdlalo akazange ingqubekile, akukho iziqhoboshi azizange ulandelwe.

Kakade ke, ezi Luvo uphawu 2010-2012, ngalo mzuzwana ikhadi akusayi inikeza umnini wayo anjalo amathuba ongapheliyo. Kodwa ebudeni belo xesha iteknoloji kuye, wabatsibela phambili, kwaye uye abe le midlalo, apho ikhadi loo mifanekiso nga ukudlalwa kwizicwangciso oluncinane kuphela.

3D Vision

technology 3D namhlanje ezifunyenweyo ngokubanzi kakhulu, ukusukela shini kunye nokuhlolwa nesiphelo. Nditsho inkampani AMD iye elide ikhupha iiglasi zazo, kwakunye software efanelekileyo, evumela umenzi ikhadi levidiyo ukubonisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu imifanekiso eyodwa.

Ezona mpawu GeForce GTX 470 nazo ziquka ukukwazi ukusebenzisa obu bugcisa, kwaye nangona ukuba ine intsebenzo ebalulekileyo bavakalelwa lulonke umdlalo okanye movie zahluke ngokupheleleyo.

Lonke uluhlu izixhobo ezinikwe amakhadi yokuzonwabisa ezahlukeneyo kunye API, kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukufunda abasebenzisi nje yaye oko kuthathwa nganto ngokupheleleyo ukuba akukho namnye uya kusebenzisa ngayo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba NVIDIA uye udale icandelo elahlukileyo isebenza nabaphuhlisi umdlalo mihla. Kakade ke, ingqalelo isoloko kunikwa iiprojekthi ezininzi yimpumelelo, omiselwe intsebenziswano bentsebenziswano eyinzuzo, kuba ekugqibeleni umdlalo ngokwawo uba kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi ezintle kwimeko yokuba iye yasungula ngumsebenzisi kwi computer nale khadi.

injini

Ukuqinisekisa Ukupholisa olwaneleyo, inkampani ikhadi liqulunqe kupholile ezikhethekileyo, yenye yeyona inamandla phakathi imifuziselo reference efanayo. ifowuni ilungiselelwe ngokohlobo a ophephela eqhelekileyo, kodwa unayo iimpawu ezimbalwa kukuba kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Njengesiseko inkqubo esuka kwisisu semoto ngoomatshini kunye kuligquma ngeplastiki eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Ngokusebenzisa ikhefu ezizodwa thermal, ubushushu eyenziwe ngexesha ukusebenza engenelela inkumbulo kunye ezisezanti, luyasuka kwisakhelo. Ukusuka-GF 100, ubushushu lwancothulwa ngoncedo kwemibhobho ubushushu ezizodwa ezintlanu eza wadibana chip ngqo.

contact ngqo Imibhobho ubushushu chip zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo, iziqhubekisi okupholisa, kunye nenkqubo ayide ikwazi ngokuba kuk ngempumelelo ngakumbi umgangatho. Kodwa kuthiwa kweli tyala, xa kuphuhliswa, lo GTX GeForce 470, ababhekisi phambili uyihlawule ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwindlela sokupholisa.