Umgwebo e Nuremberg iminyaka engama-70 kamva. Court International of Justice phezu iinkokeli udushe

Umgwebo e Nuremberg iminyaka engama-70 emva kokuba igqityiwe uhlala uphawu ecacileyo nekulula ngobulungisa mthetho lwamaNazi. Yaba yeyokuqala hlobo yayo kule nkqubo, apho ugqaliselo uluntu kwihlabathi lonke kwiminyaka yokuqala yoxolo emva ukuwa Reich.

inkqubo umbutho

Malunga ukuqotywa iinkokeli Germany zamaNazi waqalisa ukuthetha elide phambi kokuba uloyiso emfazweni. Intlanganiso yokuqala ezisemthethweni Allied Foreign yaBaphathiswa kulo mba kwenzeka ngo-1943. Ngelo xesha zeKomfa Yalta, Stalin, Churchill kunye Roosevelt ngokwakhe wamvusela lo mba olunameva.

Nganye iinkokeli ngendlela yabo yesizwe ndiyibonile ukuqotywa wobunkokheli Wesithathu. British Prime Minister wada wacebisa ukuba uHitler shot kufutshane nangoko emva kokubanjwa. Stalin kunye Roosevelt saqale kuyo. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ke isivumelwano esisemthethweni wolingo kwaphunyelelwa emva uloyiso kwi Nkomfa London ngehlobo lowe-1945. Ngokukodwa, oko oluqulunqwe uluhlu enkulu mthetho imfazwe yamaNazi, apho abantu 24 ibifakiwe. Yaba emkhosini, abezopolitiko kunye ideologues ze Wesithathu.

Kakade ke, sonke kwindawo yokuqala ange kugwetywa Hitler, kodwa bazibulala indlu yakhe eBerlin phambi kokuwa. Naye wathabatha ubomi zakhe ze oyintloko lwamaNazi Yozef Gebbels. Bona kunye nezinye iinkokheli yolawulo besoyika ukubanjwa, emva koko kwakuza kulandela iimvavanyo waseLondon. kweminyaka 70 kamva, inzala singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba akukho namnye okumgangatho abenzi eziphambili akuyi kusinda isohlwayo.

qala iintlanganiso

November 20, 1945 wavula iimvavanyo waseLondon. Ngokufutshane, ukuba balinde ihlabathi liphela. Kunyaka olandelayo, iintatheli onke amaphephandaba abanempembelelo neempapasho kwilizwe ngalinye babezama ukuze ufumane ulwazi olutsha malunga nophando.

Ingqalo izilingo Nuremberg zenyuse icala American. Ngosuku olwandulela usomashishini ogula Gustav Krupp, ngubani seyinike uncedo lwemali kakhulu kwi ulawulo lwamaNazi. AmaMelika wayesoyika ukuba uza kufa, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba isivakalisi yabo.

Inani elipheleleyo leentlanganiso 403. ISigqeba, ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano London, benziwa ngabameli amagunya ezine noloyiso (USSR, USA, UK kunye France). ilizwe ngalinye wayekho nomgwebi kwetyala, umtshutshisi oyintloko kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo ziingcali emthethweni. Umzekelo, i-eSoviet Union amelwe izilangazelelo Ukrainian uMtshutshisi Roman Rudenko, Justice Colonel Alexander potter. Kwakhona eNuremberg ngomnye ngabameli aphezulu eSoviet Union, iNkundla Ephakamileyo kaYona Nikitchenko.

Ungquzulwano phakathi namahlakani

umbutho ucaphula wayehamba uvalo ngokubanzi ezifunyanwa ngabo bonke abadlali. Kwaye onxulumene ukuvuthuluka endalo nobudlelwano amazwe noloyiso. IMfazwe ungaluqalanga, kodwa ihlabathi lujika ngokukhawuleza kuye. State wabahlula Yurophu yaba iinkalo impembelelo. Apho anomdla kuzo ezihlabanayo hayi nje iinkokeli zezopolitiko kodwa iingcamango.

Landmark waba intetho Fulton Churchill wanikela Matshi 5, 1946, xa bekukho izilingo waseLondon. kweminyaka 70 kamva, ababhali-mbali bayavuma ukuba le ntetho yaba inkcaso isandulela iinkqubo zedemokhrasi Communist kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XX. Churchill wagxeka iinkokheli yiSoviet ekutshatyalalisweni amalungelo kweli lizwe, bewuhlisele "umkhusane intsimbi" phezu ithi, apho yazinyaswa yi-Red Army.

Oku kwabangela ukuba emangazayo. Abachatshazelwa ngayo kwakunye neemvavanyo waseLondon. Ngokufutshane, ngaphakathi yamaTyala waqalisa ukuba kuvela ukungaboni ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukongeza, kwanabenzi bobubi abo lwamaNazi baye bagqiba ukuba eli lithuba labo lokugqibela ukuphepha isohlwayo. Xa imfazwe phakathi United States eSoviet Union yonke le nkqubo ukuyisonga. Abamangalelwa baye baba nesibindi intetho yakhe, kunye nabameli babo nabo batshintsha inokusebenza.

kukhuselwe obekwa

Le amagqwetha isiJamani nokwakha ukuziphendulela kommangalelwa imigaqo ethile. Okokuqala, ugxeke umbutho kwenkqubo kunye nento ukuba njengommangali (namahlakani) kunokuba kwinkundla ozimeleyo, njengoko njengesiqhelo loxolo.

Okwesibini, ukuba amagqwetha wenqaba ukuqaphela malunga nokuvumeleka ngokusemthethweni ulwimi olutsha kwizivakalisi. Umzekelo, ukuba akukho ekhoyo phambi ingcamango "ukulungiselela ukuhlaselwa ngumkhosi" kunye "ulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye uxolo".

izivakalisi ukufa

Noko ke, iinyanga ezininzi zomsebenzi sokugweba azale iziqhamo. Uke amawaka ezivavanyiweyo lwamaxwebhu, omninzi umsebenzi ukuqokelela ubungqina bamatyala. Ngokutsho enkundleni abantu 12 bagwetyelwa ukufa. Omnye wabo - Martin Bormann - wabulawa xa wayebaleka eBerlin ngemihla yokugqibela imfazwe. Kodwa ngexesha yentlanganiso kwesihlalo sokugweba umzimba wakhe zange wafunyanwa, baza abaninzi bakholwa ukuba wakwazi ukubaleka. Ngoko ke, isigwebo sokufa xa engekho.

isohlwayo Capital elindele kunye Germana Geringa - umongameli we Reichstag kunye Reich ngumphathiswa mboni. Wayengomnye amanani kakhulu notorious lwamaNazi, waphila ukuya enkundleni.

Ukuqala waseLondon trial yabalasela kukhankanywa engenakutshintshwa ezifihlakeleyo isivumelwano Molotov-Ribbentrop, eyayisingethe ulwahlulo of Poland kunye nobudlelwane encedisayo phakathi iJamani kunye USSR ngo-1939-1940. Ngecala yiSoviet ukuba umba imtyibilizi kunene, apho amaqela bazama ukuthethana phambi kokuqala kwenkqubo. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa Ribbentrop wafumana isigwebo sokufa. Isivumelwano, esisayinwe nguye kwaye Molotov, yapapashwa yiSoviet Union kuphela iminyaka perestroika.

Ezinye iziphumo zenkqubo

Abantu abaliqela (kuquka Rudolf Hess) baye bafumana izigwebo ubomi entolongweni. Bona umtyholwa kwaye kufanelekile, umzekelo, esilundwendwe koonomathotholo kunye nomthombo nama- Friche.

LwamaNazi Party, SD, SS, amaGestapo kunye namanye amalungu yokohlwaya kule minyaka kolawulo lukaHitler zavakaliswa imibutho mthetho. Ukusuka kwindawo esemthethweni lwembono, yaba ithisisi ebalulekileyo. Wavumela ukwandisa iphulo olunye denazification of Germany kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu, apho izintlu zeenkqubo unodoli apho. Ezi ziphumo bakhokela Trials waseLondon. Ulingo yaphela October 1, 1946.

iinkundla ezongezelelweyo

Bekuya kuba yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba imbali izilingo Nuremberg yaphela emva kokupheliswa engundoqo yamaTyala. Waye inyathelo zokwalatha. Ubeligweba izikrelemnqa ezinkulu Wesithathu. Noko ke, iintolongo eManyeneyo abantu abaninzi ngomlinganiselo ezincinane, nayo inxaxheba Ngenkohlakalo kunye nezinye inkohlakalo lukaHitler.

Ngoko, kwi-1946-1949 biennium. kwi efanayo Nuremberg wegqitha iinkqubo elinambini. Baba umqalisi yenkokheli American, elisecaleni umtshutshisi nasemacaleni. amatyala zaye zahlolwa oogqirha ababandakanyekayo amava abantu kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, amagosa SS, iinjengele njalo njalo. d. Abagwebi ufunde ezininzi izigwebo zokufa. kuba le mali esikhulu lomsebenzi ndawonye ebunzimeni waseLondon. Iminyaka zophando, ukuqokelela ubungqina, udliwano amangqina - konke oku eyathatha ixesha elide kakhulu.

Bayahlelwa mthetho ibaleke

Ezinye zaphuli lwamaNazi ngemihla yokugqibela imfazwe ngokukhuselekileyo babaleka lizwe. ubukhulu becala Bona kuhlala Latin America, apho baye bakwazi ukufumana amaxwebhu amatsha kunye namagama bobuxoki. Ezinye zezi baleki abazange zifunyenwe.

Kodwa ngenye apho. Ngokomzekelo, omnye wabaququzeleli kubulawa amaYuda Adolf Eyhman phambi 1960 ekholosile e Buenos Aires. It kulandelelwa phantsi, wambamba wabukhanyisa amagosa amaSirayeli Mossad. Ityala lika Eichmann eneminyaka emibini. Yena kakhulu ehlanganiswa kumaphephandaba nqwa izilingo waseLondon. kweminyaka 70 kamva, ukubaleka iinkokeli lwamaNazi ubulungisa yayisele wafa yokwaluphala, kodwa izenzo zabo nxamnye noluntu ngamxhelo kugwetywa lonke uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.