Present Perfect ne elidlulileyo: a uhlahlelo lothelekiso

Present Perfect ne elidlulileyo na iqela ofezekileyo (ofezekileyo eladlulayo) e IsiNgesi. Babonakalisa nomsebenzi ozalisekileyo, kodwa omnye ezinxulumene kwixesha langoku, lo gama enye - ukuya kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga kwaye elula elidlulileyo, njengoko abantu abafunda IsiNgesi, basoloko bexakaniseka elidlulileyo Simple kunye isipho esigqibeleleyo.

Iimpawu kwimbono ixesha ogqibeleleyo

Le Present Ogqibeleleyo i Simple onokufaniswa kwifom Russian yabagqibeleleyo yesenzi ixesha eladlulayo (ezibhaliweyo, wafundisa, weza, wenza). Izithethi Russian ungaqonda kuloo mbono. I-Amerika kunye British ngenye indlela ukuqonda isigama kwexesha.

Ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yegrama eqhelekileyo yesenzo Russian ngexesha langoku akakwazi iphele kuba ekho. Ukuba umcimbi ugqityiwe (igqityiwe), ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kudlule ixesha.

Kakuhle eli xesha ogqibeleleyo IsiNgesi

IsiNgesi uluvo lwam; kwi ngokwemimiselo yayo amanyathelo ngexesha lakalokunje nga igqitywe, yaye eli xesha - egqibeleleyo langoku. Ngoko ke, Russian ifomu ogqibeleleyo kuphela kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngokungafaniyo IsiNgesi. ixesha Perfect igxininisa into yokuba isenzo okanye isiganeko lwenzekile yaye ubenegalelo umzuzu ngoku. Present Perfect Perfect ne elidlulileyo, enyanisweni, amawele, kuphela anomdla elidlulileyo, omnye uthetha ngoku.

Perfect inkcaza: ukusetyenziswa kunye nemizekelo

Cinga ukwakheka langoku Ogqibeleleyo zefomula.

ISIHLOKO + isahlulo Auxiliary baye (anayo umntu wesithathu) + isenzi ephambili kwendlela yesithathu.

Xa kufuneka kusetyenziswe eli xesha? Isipho esigqibeleleyo kusetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko kukubonakalisa sisiphumo yezenzo eyenzeka. Ngoncedo isipho esigqibeleleyo ugxininiso kwi ngesiphumo meko ogqibeleleyo. Ngoko ke, simele siqonde ukuba isenzo azenzileyo. Omfunayo ekuqondeni eli xesha unako ukukhonza njenge izenzi Russian: ukwenza okanye wenze.

• Sele uthumele ileta. - Mu ukuthumele incwadi.
• Uye waphumelela lelotho. - Yena sele iphumelele ilotto.

Qaphela ukuba eli xesha idla yaguqulelwa Russian kwixesha elidlulileyo. Zonke ezi zenzo kuba nefuthe ngoku japan yayo yokugqibela, oko kukuthi ubudlelwane ngqo kunye umzuzu ngoku.

Ityala yesibini ukusetyenziswa inkcazo langoku ogqibeleleyo ngamava akhe ebomini elidlulileyo:

• Mna ndahlala apha kangangeminyaka eli-15. - ndihlala apha iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.
• Uye ezidliwayo yokutyela Red Dragon kathathu. - Watya kuloo restaurant "Red Dragon" izihlandlo ezithathu.

Amaxesha amaninzi eli xesha kusetyenziswa xa uthetha malunga nenani izinto azenzileyo. Kwakhona okuzalisekileyo kusetyenziswa xa isenzo yenzeka ngexesha ethe alukapheli. Izinto zokukhomba ixesha engagqitywanga amakishayo wexesha: namhlanje - namhlanje, ngale ntsasa - ngale ntsasa, kulo nyaka, nyanga, kunye nabanye.

Nawuphi japan sele apho, kodwa xesha ayikapheli noko (kulo veki okanye nonyaka). Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba wenze isenzo okanye kwakhona ukuphinda ngeli xesha.

Elidlulileyo: undoqo ixesha

Ngoku makhe sithethe elidlulileyo. Kusoloko amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kunye nenye inyathelo ngaphambili. Elidlulileyo eveza isenzo ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuba abanye okanye ixesha elithile ngaphambili.

Present Perfect ne elidlulileyo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, zombini fom igqibelele, kodwa yokugqibela lo usingise kwixesha elidlulileyo. Intshukumo yesibini, neyenzeke kamva, Amaxesha amaninzi asetyenziswe Odlulileyo Simple, amagosa amakishayo kakuhle lathisi zingasetyenziswa. Ngawo la mazwi:

• ngu - (naliphi na ixesha);
• emva - (emva);
• ngaphambili - (phambi);
• xa - (nini);
• ngaphambili - (ngaphambili);
• lokuqala - (lokuqala).

Present Perfect ne elidlulileyo basoloko iimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa zahluke kweli xesha. Elidlulileyo phantse lonke kuza ngaphezulu. Kuya kusoloko kuxhomekeke ezilula esisiseko elidlulileyo.

• Wafika kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya kwi 8.20, nangona kunjalo le nqwelo-moya ekhohlo. - Safika kwisikhululo ngo 7:30 kusasa, kodwa uloliwe sele kakade.

Hi ndlela leyi, imiba eqhelekileyo Ogqibeleleyo langoku nelidlulileyo - zokuphawula ixesha:

• nje - (nje);
• kakade - (kakade);
• kodwa - (kuba okwangoku).

Sinokuthi ezi iintonga zokwalatha eziphambili ixesha ogqibeleleyo.

Present Perfect vs. Simple edlulileyo

Ubunzima iqhelekileyo phakathi abafundi IsiNgesi kulukhetho phakathi Odlulileyo Simple kunye isipho esigqibeleleyo. Le ngxaki ibangwa kukuba ukuba iguqulelwe kulwimi Russian ngokufanayo, kodwa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Into engundoqo ndaqonda ukuba kufuneka ukuvakalisa, apho ingqalelo.

Umahluko omkhulu Present Perfect ne elidlulileyo:

1. Present Perfect (ixesha mzuzu ogqibeleleyo) nezenzo ezenziwe kwixesha elidluleyo, uye uxhulumaniso oluthe ngqo njengelixesha langoku.

2. neentetho Odlulileyo Simple malunga mzuzu esibe elide ngaphezulu, kwaye akukho xhulumaniso kunye langoku lokwenene. Yiloo nto okuseleyo kwixa elidlulileyo ngonaphakade.

Makhe sithelekise izivakalisi ezibini:

• Wayesoloko emthanda ukudada. - Uyayazi Bendisoloko ndikuthanda ukudada.

Isiphakamiso ithetha ukuba umntu akanakuze akwazi ukudada, mhlawumbi yafa.

• Uye ebathandile yokuqubha.

Translation apha efanayo. nje engqondweni ukuba nangoku uyathandwa yaye uyakuthanda ukudada ukuya kwixesha langoku.