Umbono social

Kudala-dala, i uCicero omkhulu wathi, "Ngaphambi kokuba malunga into phikisana, bavumelane intsingiselo yamagama ...". Mhlawumbi oku kubonisa yaseRoma osisilumko kwakunye kangangoko akwaziqonda yimizekeliso okanye ibonisa intsingiselo "umbono lwentlalo" amagama. Enyanisweni, wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba intsebenziswano eyiyo phakathi abantu kwenzeka kuphela ukuba yobume yengqondo. Isibakala sokuba unxibelelwano, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, zombini njengenjongo luluvo, Inokuchazwa nxaxheba kwisenzo yentsebenziswano luyathandabuzeka.

Le ambiguity ihlobene nenyaniso yokuba abadlali basebenzisane, kukho ulindelo ezahlukileyo khosi yaye ngenxa yentsebenziswano kunye nabanye abantu, ezinye izicwangciso, nomdlali ngalinye unxulumano lwayo kunye ongqongileyo kwezentlalo zangaphandle zikhokelwa iinkqubo ixabiso ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela.

Noko ke, xa lwagqibelayo umahluko kwezi zinto kwintsebenziswano kukho enye parameter ukuba injongo kuqhelekile ukuba onke amalungu intsebenziswano - le nkqubo kunye nenkqubo kwimbono omnye komnye. Oku elibanzi ezifunekayo isakhiwo yonxibelelwano kwaye luphawulwa ingqikelelo umbono lwentlalo.

Kufuneka, kunjalo, ekucaciseni le ngongoma, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kolu didi akazange ngokuchanekileyo nangokupheleleyo ibonakalisa kwicala umxholo yonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu. I-revolution zesayensi, eli gama livele J. Bruner ngowe-1947, waza wangena kwingcingane kunye kwithiyori «New Jonga» -. A look entsha kwi ingxaki yonxibelelwano, intsebenziswano kunye nendlela abayibona ngayo nabanye abantu. Ngaphakathi kule wenguqulo okuqonda loluntu kutyhilwa nokumisela kuphela inxalenye ubudlelwane babantu.

Okulandelayo, khangela okubhalwe kule nodidi ezininzi eyandisiweyo phantsi kwimbono yaba ingqalelo inkqubo umbono izibonelelo zentlalo kunye. Kule ingcaciso ebanzi walala phantsi kwemeko yokuba, phantsi into loluntu wayeqonda akangomntu, unesethi yonke imiba ye yokuma koluntu ngokubanzi: iqela kwezentlalo, kuluntu, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, xa weza uhlobo 'umntu - uluntu. " isayensi psychological Modern kwi utoliko enjalo ingqikelelo ingqalelo umbono wentlalo.

Uphengululo ngokupheleleyo okubhalwe kule ukukhangela kunye nokudala umfanekiso entsonkothileyo kakhulu indlela abantu abayibona ngayo izinto zentlalo enye kwenye ekuhambeni benxibelelana. Le ndlela ibandakanya nomuntu ngubani na onako ukuqonda omnye, omnye umntu ongenela uthethathethwano kunye kuqala. Le ndlela ke zincediswe iimpawu impefumlelwano abadlali abenza ezi bantu njengoko iimpawu yamaqela ezentlalo kuyo banendawo. Okokugqibela, kukho into ebalulekileyo yale ndlela lisebenza njengecandelo lobume - iimeko ezithile kunye neemeko ixesha kunye nendawo apho intsebenziswano.

complex ngakumbi kubume kunye nesiqulatho obuxhasa kwimbono zentlalo zokufundisa, nto leyo ibandakanya ukufakwa eziliqela ezizodwa, entsha ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni umbono. Kuyinto ezifana orientation oqeqeshiweyo, ingakumbi umsebenzi zokufundisa njengomba ngokwasentlaweni yonke ngamnye, ubuchule, kunye nabanye. Ngoko ke, efundisa imbono loluntu kuqondwa ekukwazini katitshala, utitshala (ngokwengqiqo ebanzi kwelizwi), ukubona ihlabathi engaphakathi umntwana, umfundi, esebenzisa uvelwano, okt ubuchule 'ubomi' izenzakalo nokubunjwa kwayo, kunye naye.

Ukusebenza kwale ndlela kudla kuxhomekeka kumlinganiselo yophuhliso umdla iingxaki ezikhathaza educability. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba i "umgangatho" wengxenye imisebenzi yokufundisa labona kuxhomekeke amacandelo amabini: ukukwazi katitshala, kwelinye icala, kunye nobuchule umfundi, kwelinye icala.