Chloroplast - cell organelle eluhlaza

Chloroplast - le yenye organelles iseli osisigxina. It uwugcinayo inkqubo ebalulekileyo ukubaluleka langa - photosynthesis.

Isakhiwo lulonke organelles plan dvuhmembrannyh

organelle nganye iquka izixhobo komhlaba kunye nomxholo lwangaphakathi. Chloroplasts kunye mitochondria ayizozakhiwo cell prokaryotic - eziphilayo kunye ngumongo. Umphezulu ezi organelles izixhobo iquka imifinya ezimbini ezahlulwe sisithuba isithuba. Nendawo kwaye anatomically zingadityaniswa ukuba kwezinye iindawo noshowo iiseli kwaye bazibandakanye ukutya eneji. Mitochondria ezi organelles iintlobo ezininzi nomngundo, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Baya bakhonza for ATP amagama - into leyo luhlobo kweeseli amandla reserve. Chloroplast - kwakhona dvuhmembrannaya organelle, lalo kwiqela plastids.

A ezahlukeneyo plastid

Xa kwiiseli eziphilayo kukho iintlobo ezintathu of plastids. Kuyinto chloroplasts, chromoplasts kunye leucoplasts. Ahluke umbala, iimpawu zolwakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi. Chloroplast - a plastid oluhlaza, equlethe yiklorofili mbala. Nangona kudla ngenxa ubukho bezinye idayi, zinokuba omdaka, nobomvu. Ngokomzekelo, xa ezahlukeneyo cell lisiza. Kwangaxeshanye chromoplasts njalo enemibala. Owona msebenzi wabo - ukugcinwa kwezondlo. Ngoko ke, xa itapile amatswele istatshi. Chromoplasts - plastids lelwe zombala carotenoid. Banikela umbala iindawo ezahlukeneyo kwisityalo. iingcambu enemibala eqaqambileyo leminqathe kunye beetroot, ezinamagqabi intyatyambo umzekelo iphawulekayo oku.

Plastids kungenziwa siguqulwe. Ekuqaleni kwiiseli kuvela izihlunu emfundo leyo vesicles ezincinane engqongwe ingaphandle ezimbini. Phambi amandla elanga ajikwa chloroplasts. Nokuguga, amagqabi kunye nezikhondo le yiklorofili iqala ukubola. Ngenxa yoko, plastids eluhlaza senziwa similise chromoplasts.

Makhe ukunika imizekelo embalwa. Wonke umntu wabona ukuba ekwindla amagqabi ukutshintsha umbala. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba chloroplasts senziwa similise ebomvu, emthubi, plastids bardovye. Ukutshintsha efanayo kwenzeka ngexesha lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Xa ukukhanya amatswele zamazambane luhlaza: in leucoplasts uqalisa ukwakha ngokuba yiklorofili. Inqanaba lokugqibela yophuhliso plastids ezi chromoplasts njengoko aziyo ezinye iintlobo zezakhiwo efanayo.

Yintoni zombala?

Umbala, umsebenzi kunye nolwakhiwo chloroplast ngenxa yobukho kwezinto ezithile - zombala. Ngokwemvelo ukuba iikhompawundi organic, imibala iindawo ezahlukeneyo kwisityalo. Chlorophylls zezona oqhelekileyo kubo. Bona afumaneka kwiiseli lisiza kunye nezityalo eziphezulu. Kwindalo, carotenoids nazo sivame. Bona ngayo izinto ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle abaphilayo. Ngokukodwa, zonke izityalo, ezinye iintlobo Cya, izinambuzane, intlanzi kunye neentaka. Ukongeza, banikela umbala ukuya kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo, carotenoids zombala eziphambili ezibonakalayo, ngokubonelela imbono ebonakalayo kunye nemibala.

Ubume ndizayo

chloroplasts zezityalo inwebu kabini. Ngaphezu koko, a ngaphandle kakuhle. A iifom excrescences zangaphakathi. Bona bangene isiqulatho chloroplast, ngokuba stroma. Ekubeni inwebu izakhiwo yangaphakathi ebotshiwe ezikhethekileyo - thylakoids. Ngokweliso, ukuba itanki odnomembrannye flat. Bangakwazi zibekwe zibangele okanye bahlanganisana watshisa izitha ngamaqhekeza 5-20. Zibizwa ngokuba grana. Ilahlwe kwezakhiwo zombala thylakoid. Ezona ziphambili ke chlorophylls kunye carotenoids enze indima yenkxaso. Kuba iyimfuneko yefotosinthesisi. Le stroma kwakhona iqulethe molecule ye DNA kunye RNA, umbona istatshi kunye ribosome.

Imisebenzi ye chloroplasts

Eyona umsebenzi plastids eluhlaza - Yindibanisela organic zingangeni ezingaphiliyo ngenxa amandla okukhanya. imveliso yawo a polysaccharide glucose neoksijini. Ngaphandle kolu ukuphefumla igesi nokusetyenziswa kwawo onke abantu on Earth bekuya kuba nzima. Oku kuthetha ukuba photosynthesis yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ezibalulekileyo langa.

Ubume chloroplast iziphumo kwezinye imisebenzi yayo. Ngomhla inwebu ye plastid lwenzeka ATP yokuqaphela. Ixabiso le nkqubo kuxhomekeke nokwanda wogcino umlinganiselo othile wamandla. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha kukuvela iimeko zivuma yokusingqongileyo: ubukho amanzi ngokwaneleyo, ukutya amandla elanga. Ngethuba lokuqhubeka iinkqubo ebalulekileyo ATP yi lwanamathela ukukhupha imali ethile amandla. It kuyaphela ngexesha ekuphunyezweni ukukhula, uphuhliso, intshukumo, ukuzala, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ebalulekileyo. Imisebenzi chloroplast Kwakhona yokuba lipids kwezinye zezi plastids ukuba kuhlelwe, iiproteni ndizayo kunye nee-enzayim ababandakanyekayo photosynthesis.

photosynthesis intsingiselo

Chloroplast - unxibelelwano phakathi isityalo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa photosynthesis kwenzeka hayi ukwakheka kuphela ioksijini, kodwa ke mjikelo carbon kwindalo, hydrogen, ukugcina sisincoko lomgadi umoya. Le nkqubo amagunya uyazikhomba carbon dioxide, nto leyo esithintelayo yi greenhouse effect, nobushushu of ngaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokufa zidalwa ezininzi eziphilayo emhlabeni. Plastids chloroplasts, ezo organelles leeseli ukwenza imisebenzi eyimfuneko, nokumisela ubukho eziphilayo emhlabeni.