Umbhali French Sharl Monteske: ibhayografi emfutshane

Sharl Monteske - French umbhali, sobulumko igqwetha, ogama lakhe kugxile kakhulu kwimbali ukuyilwa iimfundiso zikawonke-ngokomthetho. Waba aziwa kwithiyori yokwahlukana kwamagunya, ukuba ubukho balo kukho sobulumko French. Noko ke, ibali lobomi bakhe idlula ngaphaya kolu luvo lunye.

ebuntwaneni

Le kuphela wayenza umendo walo uCharles-Lui De Secondat, eyaziwa ngokuba Sharl Monteske. ngobomi bakhe iqala kusapho Labred inqaba, musa ukuba kude Bordeaux, ngo-1689. Uyise uJacques waye kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye uCharles omncinane wayinyusa ukuba kwiimeko solusapho. Malunga unina, encinane yaziwa, ngaphandle yokuba ikhazi wakhe kuquka ngasentla La Brad Castle, yaye yahlukile yenkolo ezigqithisileyo loluthando nobugqi. Wafa xa wayeneminyaka eli-7 ubudala neminyaka-3 kamva uyise wamthumela ekholejini kwi ubugagu esekelwe weemonki Zhyuli. Nangona ukuba isikolo yonqulo, wafumana imfundo yehlabathi. Kwaba apho wayefunda iincwadi yamandulo waba nomdla bulumko, apho elidityaniswe bonke ubomi bakhe ngakumbi.

ukufunda komthetho

UMontesquieu nethamsanqa ukuba uzalelwe kule Age wokukhanya, xa yonke ozinzisiweyo uzwi yokucinga kunye nesizathu. Ngowe-1705 yena wabuya kwikholeji ekhayeni lakhe, apho waqalisa lonke ixesha laxa ukunika uphuhliso nomthetho. Kwaba yimfuneko kwanyanzeleka kunokuba uthando lokwenene, kunye nelungelo ngexesha yayigqalwa kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda. Imfuneko ukufunda umthetho isuke yi kukuba i Sharl Monteske kwixesha elizayo kwakufuneka uthathe iposi zepalamente, nto leyo aye kuye njengelifa. Ngowe-1713, uyise wafa uCharles, yaye uhlala ebino kayisekazi.

UMzila Baron de Secondat

Ngexesha ubomi umalume wakhe wenza imigudu emikhulu ukuze atshate umtshana wakhe. ukukhetha kwakhe yaba oHloniphekileyo Zhanne Lartig. Le ukhetho kwakusekelwe kungekhona uthando hayi kwi zangaphandle amantombazana data, kodwa kuphela ubungakanani yekhazi yakhe. Umtshato wathembisa iingxaki ezimbalwa ezinxulumene nemiba zonqulo, kodwa wakwazi ukufumana ngeenxa kubulelwe imfundo ngokusemthethweni noCharles. Ngowe-1715 lo emtshatweni. Emva konyaka, umalume wam wafa, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe lo mfana ilifa uya kwisihloko baron. Ukususela ngoku kuwo - Monteske Sharl Lui De Secondat. Ukongeza, ukuba ukuguquka lakowabo ithamsanqa elikhulu, kwaye isithuba noSihlalo yePalamente yaseBordeaux. Ubukhulu becala Wakhonza njengejaji, oko sele benamava, njengoko ngaphambili ndandisebenza umcebisi yaye usekela mongameli lwenkundla wesixeko.

career

Sharl Monteske Andizange ndiwuthandile okulungileyo, kodwa kwiminyaka elishumi indlela onoxanduva imisebenzi yabo ePalamente. Ngowe-1726 yena uthengisa isikhundla sakhe ngelo xesha ukuba ngokubanzi, yaye wafudukela Paris. Nangona lo msebenzi ebiza uMontesquieu hayi ebomini bakhe, wafumana amava angathethekiyo eziya kuba luncedo kuye ekubhaleni imisebenzi elizayo. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba uyaguquka uqalisa umsebenzi wakhe esebenzayo zoncwadi. Wapapasha amaphepha amaninzi kunye nezincoko kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona uba lilungu le-club "Mezzanine" kwezopolitiko, nto leyo inxaxheba ngazo iindaba zehlabathi, iziganeko zemihla ngemihla kunye nomsebenzi-nxaxheba. Ehlabathini esifanayo yena waya French Academy, kwaye ngaxeshanye kunye ukubhala okuqhubekayo.

imisebenzi emikhulu

Ngexesha ubomi bakhe e Bordeaux lwakhe lweenkobe Sharl Monteske bebhala izincoko eziliqela iincwadi zenzululwazi zendalo. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezifana "Ngomhla ngoonobangela intlokoma," "Ngomhla ukuqeshwa kwamadlala kwezintso", "Ngomhla olwandle." Akwamnceda kobulungu Academy of Bordeaux, apho wachitha ixesha elininzi imifuniselo. Natural - oku kwenye indawo ukuba uvuse umdla yombhali, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe ibalulekileyo nangoku abachaphazelekayo kurhulumente, nomthetho kunye nezopolitiko. Ngowe-1721, ekukhanyeni eliphuma inoveli yakhe ebizwa ngokuba "Iileta Persian", nto leyo ebangela nangoko isivunguvungu ingxoxo. Ngelishwa, yena umlomo, kodwa ke isiphumo kuphela kuluncedo kwi impumelelo yayo, ngenxa yokuba umbhali wenza kakuhle kakhulu imifanekiso oluntu ngelo xesha.

Kodwa ke imisebenzi ephambili ibhibliyografi wakhe, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wonke umntu okhe weva, yaba othi "UMoya Imithetho". Umsebenzi kulo lithathe iminyaka emininzi, apho Charles umgama phantse yonke iYurophu, ukufunda inkqubo yezopolitiko, amasiko, imikhwa kunye nelungelo eJamani, eNgilani, Italy neHolland. Kwilizwe ngalinye, wawuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi eziluncedo eziya kuba luncedo kuye ebhaliweyo encwadini ibalulekileyo ebomini. Ngowe-1731 oko uya esiphelweni, kwaye uMontesquieu wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, apho yonke iminyaka elandelayo ayichitha kumsebenzi nzima nokuvakalisa phezu imiqulu emibini "UMoya Imithetho", nto leyo ishicilelwa ngo-1748.

Ifilosofi eziphambili izimvo

Iimbono thaca kule ncwadi "UMoya of Laws," ziye zabaluleka kakhulu kuphuhliso karhulumente, France nje kuphela kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Lowo uthetha ukwahlulwa amandla ngokwamasebe 3: yesigqeba, nemithetho neenkundla. Wathi ke ukuba naziphi kunokukhokelela okuchasene nomthetho, nale modeli kufuneka khona onke amazwe, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwabo karhulumente. Igama elithi "theory yokuzahlula kwamagunya 'ngaye okokuqala kwaye zitolikwe emsebenzini wakhe Sharl Monteske. Sobulumko sazi Dzhon Lokk naye inxaxheba kuphuhliso izibonelelo ezingundoqo yale mbono, kunjalo ocacile lugqibelele yaba ngumbhali French.

Enye imixholo engundoqo umsebenzi wakhe ukuba babalise imithetho yobomi kunye noluntu ngalunye. Yena lukhulu malunga ukuzalana amasiko, izimilo kunye nenkolo nomthetho, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba iintlobo ezithile karhulumente utsho. Kule waba luncedo kakhulu ukwazi ukuba sele wabufumana iminyaka yokuhamba. Kamva, uninzi lweengcamango eziqulethwe umsebenzi "UMoya of Laws," baye ezisisiseko kwi-US siseko kunye nezinye izinto zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda.

ubomi Personal nokufa

Kunzima ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni Wayengumntu onjani Sharl Monteske. biography elifutshane, kunoko, utyhila igalelo layo kwimbali leengcinga zezopolitiko zomthetho, kodwa umlinganiswa zobuntu cwaka. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wayengenguye umyeni othembekileyo, kodwa umfazi wakhe nentlonelo. Yena engunina amantombazana amahle amabini kunye inkwenkwe, lowo uCharles, ngokuqinisekileyo, wamthanda. Phantse bonke ubomi bakhe wayitshabalalisa kwinzululwazi, ukufunda ukucinga. Wayesebenza ukuba inkoliso kwithala leencwadi, abazalelwa yemisebenzi yakhe enkulu.

Kuthiwa ukuba uyindoda Phendla, phantse lonke ixesha free elichithwa yedwa, waza wavula kuphela ukuvala abahlobo. Xa ukukhanya weza kunqabile, ngokufuthi zokuzilungisa, apho kungekho namnye uthetha, kodwa uluntu nje kubuka bahlangana khona. Ngowe-1754, uMontesquieu waya eParis ukwenzela ukunika uncedo lwezomthetho kumhlobo wakhe, uNjingalwazi La Bommel. Apho wangenwa inyumoniya wafa ngoFebruwari 10, 1755. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yakhe kuseyinto lonqulo yaye babe nobomi obungunaphakade.