Umbhali American Dzherom Devid Selindzher: A Biography, ubuchule

Kukho ababhali abakuphila akukho ngaphantsi umdla kwe umsebenzi wabo. Loo ubalisa Dzherom Selindzher, biography lizele iziganeko. Le uphendlo bulumko ngokwayo, izifundo Iiseti Sciences, inkonzo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwi wokuhlola, Amazing nokuwuqaphela amabali kunye inoveli kupapashwa kuphela.

Kuyo ungenza benze ifilimu. Kuphela apha umbhali akasivumeli ukuba enze njalo, kwakunye umboniso lwencwadi yakhe. Bekutheni ukuze oku kwenzeke, uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Umbhali kunazo zonke kwinkulungwane

Dzherom Devid Selindzher eyaziwa hayi kuphela iimveliso zayo kodwa ngendlela closed yobomi kuye kwavula iintsomi ezininzi kunye conjectures ngaye. Nokuphakama lombhali lwakhe udumo ngesiquphe liyayeka ukupapasha iincwadi zabo. Kule yokubhala ayenzi ayeke, ngaphandle phantse ngokupheleleyo imida wayenelizwi eendaba nabagxeki. Ukuze abafundi umusa akukho nemityikityo ngaphezulu Salinger kwenza zokumisa.

legends bakhe kude umntu uyazinika isohlwayo. Yaye-ndlebe kunye weqonga American Nikolas Keydzh yena waxelela indlela enye iimvavanyo ewanikiweyo ngenxa intombi yam, ubabalo ogama wakrota, yaba wesandla le wababhali. amabango movie inkwenkwezi ukuba bafumene utyikityo athandwayo waphumelela. Kodwa abafundi abaninzi abalandeli luck Salinger abazange uncuma.

career

Dzherom Devid Selindzher wazalwa ngomhla wokuqala ka-1919 e-New York (United States) kwintsapho yamaYuda. Uyise umrhwebi, yaye intsapho waphila kamnandi. Umama iingcambu Scottish kunye Irish. Nokuba eselula umbhali wathabatha amanyathelo yakhe yokuqala ileta. amabali yakhe emfutshane, kodwa sele kakhulu capacious.

Ngowe-1936, Salinger (ogama biography has a lot of mathuba impikiswano) afunyenweyo kwisikolo sakhe zabucala emkhosini. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe, wabhala imigca embalwa ukuya umhobe eli ziko, nto leyo eyinxalenye indawo esemthethweni. Salinger Okulandelayo walinda izifundo kwiYunivesithi New York nokuziqhelisa eYurophu.

Ekubuyeni kwakhe ke wazibandakanya Columbia University, apho waya izifundo kwi iprozi kunye namabali amafutshane. Kodwa ke ukufunda umdla uDavide ngaphandle kokuba iikhosi kuthi. Akazange kuziphumelela nayiphi eyunivesithi yaye engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi. Iye yaba sisikhubekiso kuyise, ngubani wayebathembe gqitha unyana wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokuba scandal usapho, wemka enye kwenye ngonaphakade.

KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ebomini zombhali

Salinger, ogama engobomi eqonda nempembelelo Second World War, ayikwazanga ukuhlala kude iziganeko. Wagqiba ukuba nje endaweni yakhe apha ngaphambili, kwaye sele kudala wawalwela ithuba ukuya khona, ngokuba ngenxa yezizathu zempilo ngo isibheno.

Ngowe-1943 kunye elikwinqanaba umbhali phoyisa yeyela kwisebe counterintelligence. Ukuba amatshatshazi angasisichenge kuyo, Salinger, ogama engobomi alikafiki ixesha ukuba ugcwele neenkumbulo yemfazwe, wabhala kwidayari yakhe, yaye kamva kwimibhalo omthandayo ukuba baye basiqonda injongo yaso, uyibeke apha. A a swi xiya nokuchaneka kunye nexabiso kokuhlala kwakhe ekufudumaleni kwemfazwe, inxaxheba kwinkululeko lamabanjwa ukusuka kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, waba ngobukrelekrele, kodwa zafumana wakha buhlungu kuye, wavala enye, nokuba kwaphumela kamva ebomini bakhe reclusive.

ukuqaphela

Emva ekhaya, umbhali Salinger ufumana udumo eyaziwayo umbhali. ibali lakhe elifutshane "A Usuku Perfect Bananafish" emlonyeni bonke nabagxeki bakhe kunye nabathandi uncwadi. Ngeminyaka yee-novalo, iinoveli bakhe kunye namabali amafutshane zapapashwa kwiijenali ezininzi. Kwimixholo imisebenzi yakhe - iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zemfazwe, loo manxeba musa kundiphilisa, oko bakubonileyo, ukuba alisoze lilibaleke.

Ukunakanwa umbhali ifikelela incopho yawo emva kokupapashwa ngo-1951 yenoveli "I Catcher kwi Irorho." imveliso Uhlobo iya kubizwa ngokuba "imfundo-inoveli". Le indalo wathengisa ngendlela engazange ibonwe - iikopi ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-60.

Xa ukuphakama udumo kunye nokuqondwa Salinger ngesiquphe liyayeka ukupapasha imisebenzi yabo livale ihlabathi ngo-1965. Ayisekho unika udliwano nemityikityo. Yintoni igwetyelwe na le yokuziphatha Kusekho imfihlelo kunye biographers, kwaye nkqu nabahlobo abaninzi zombhali.

nesazi Great wafa eneminyaka engama-91 ngo nandawo gingci e New Hampshire.

Neyilayo. Ushwankathe-

Salinger bobuchule ibandakanya amabali amafutshane kunye novellas. Kuphela inoveli ebhaliweyo yapapashwa ngumbhali, - "The Catcher kwi Irorho."

amabali Salinger wadala uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo izihloko, leyo ezingaguquguqukiyo kwimbonakalo zombhali. Kodwa ingcamango esisiseko yenye - intsingiselo yobomi, amaphupha ezaphukileyo kwaye uphendlo bulumko for self. Amaqhawe neenoveli abaninzi abantwana, ulutsha kunye nabantu befuna iinjongo ebomini. Le mifanekiso ukunika umbhali ecace nangokucacileyo kutyhila iingcamango zabo ukuze ubonise umfundi iziphumo into bulumko.

Eyona nto iphawulekayo ibali sombhali "Indoda isilwanyane." Kulo ibali umfundi wafundisa abantwana, lo gama ukubalisa amabali ezimangalisayo nesabasilaleleyo amanene - umntu isilwanyane. John Guy uthi ngodlamko, kuba oko kuyanceda intombi entle kakhulu nobubele, uMariya. Kubonakala ukuba - intombi abazali isengqiqweni esisityebi abachasene ulwalamano lwakhe kunye nomfundi elula. Xa uMariya nangoku ukuba yinxalenye noYohane, nguye ubalisa ibali apho mlinganiswa yakhe woyisiwe, yaye kungekudala wambulala yena. Ibali Unikela ukungalingani kwezentlalo, elonakalisileyo ubomi babantu ngcono.

"I-Catcher kwi Irorho"

Le noveli kakhulu phantse nangoko ndafumana abafundi ehlabathini lonke. Kunjalo, ukugxekwa sengqondo luyathandabuzeka ukuya imveliso, etyhola walencwadi iinjongo edandathekileyo. Kuba eqaqambileyo, abalinganiswa kunye iimpawu into eyenzekayo ekusetyenzisweni funga kwinoveli ezakhokelela imveliso kwimveliso wokuvalwa kwezinye States emihle. Ngoku ke yinxalenye yeprogram yesikolo kwiincwadi ehlabathini lonke.

Salinger, ogama iinoveli sele ivaliwe ngenxa upapasho okukokwakhe, balelwa kwemiboniso umsebenzi wakhe, xa umbuzo kwi imi--80-90. Eyona ngxoxo ibalulekileyo kukuba imveliso iziganeko ezenzeka umphefumlo hero, ukuze ubonise njengoko enizibonileyo wadala ngumbhali, kuba nzima.

I inoveli ubalisa wenkwenkwe ukubanjwa Caulfield. Akukho namnye umvayo, yaye yena wasinda ithatha indawo yazo. Ekhula, kwaye zikhula kule monstrously ngokukhawuleza ivuthu- eluthulini amaphupha akhe nezimvo. I inoveli igama engaqhelekanga kuba engqondweni yakhe Caulfield ophilayo iphupha - ukunqakula abantwana phezu kwengxondorha lwaya, xa baqalisa ukudlala, kuba sengozini. Kuyinto ngumbutho kakhulu yokomfuziselo. Kungenzeka, Abanjwe ufuna ukunceda ukugcina abantwana lwabantwana babo echwayithile zabo ngokuphandle kulo ihlabathi, apho amaphupho umgqobhozi ngonaphakade. Isihloko yokuqala ethi The Catcher kwi Irorho iguqulelwe ngokuthi "I Catcher kwi Irorho."

Quotes kunye namazwi

Umbhali lubizwa ushiye nje kuphela ilifa inkulu boncwadi, kodwa a lot of aphorisms. Oku kungenxa yokuba i ongumyeni ebuhlanti Salinger. Quotes sinikela ezikhanya kwaye ezaziwa:

• "Ngenxa yokuba indoda iye yafa, awukwazi siyeke, bani it! Ingakumbi xa yena ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na ubomi, uyazi?" - izwi Heroine kwebali "Lyapa-uWally" umbhali iya kuthi inyaniso, ezele intlungu nenyaniso.
• "Kwaye ezo ncwadi captivate ukuba njengokuba befunda ekupheleni, ngoko nangoko ndicinge ukuba kuya kuba kuhle ukuba lo mbhali iye umhlobo wakho wenene, kwaye kuye kube lula ukuthetha." Oku ixelela lenzelwa Kolfild, yaye kunzima ukuba avumelane naye.

• "Kufuneka ukuba ukunika umntu ukuba ukuthetha, ekubeni yena waqala ukubaxelela umdla kunye ovusa. Kufana xa umntu ngemincili utsho. Oko kulungile." La mazwi, naye, abe Caulfield.
• "Umntu akuqolanga ofuna ukufa ngenxa yabo, yaye oqolileyo - uphile ngenxa entle."

Ekuphetheni

Funda okanye ukufunda - ushishino wonke. Kodwa ke ukuhlala kude ezakudala zoncwadi hlabathi, ndiwuhlutha nje wena iziyolo ukufunda ilizwe entsha ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, amabali Salinger - a microcosms yonke ngokupheleleyo amaqhawe zakhe. Ukusetsha nokudana, ubomi kunye ntlekele yokwenene imiphefumlo yabo akayi kukushiya akanankathalo, ityetyiswe ihlabathi yangaphakathi, kwaye akuncede wazi ngcono kuye.