Ukubunjwa, Isayensi
Siseko engundoqo radio
Ngowe-1887 godu Genrih Gerts wabonisa ukuba amandla magnetic zingathunyelwa emkhathini amaza erediyo, leyo uwele umoya malunga isivamvo sokukhanya. Le lokufumanisa wanceda ukuphuhlisa imigaqo kanomathotholo namhlanje. Ngaphezu koko, izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba amaza erediyo kukho umoya ngokwendalo, kodwa uphawu zazo eziphambili - ke amaza apho amandla yahluka phakathi zombane kunye ngemagnethi. Ubuninzi e Hertz (Hz) lihlobene λ kwamaza, leyo ngumgama apho wave radio udlula ngexesha oscillation enye. Ngoko ke, le ndlela ilandelayo: λ = C / F (apho C ke isantya ukukhanya).
Imigaqo zisekelwe yokosulela kunomathotholo ulwazi-ephethe amaza erediyo. Ukuba angadlulisela zevoysi okanye idata idijithali. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sikhululo sikanomathotholo kufuneka ube:
- Isixhobo ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa kolwazi kube yimitha yombane (umz, microphone). Oluphawu kuthiwa yefrikhwensi zaseprayimari kuluhlu eqhelekileyo odiyo.
- Modulator ngokungenisa ulwazi bandwidth signal akhethiweyo sokuquqa kwerediyo.
- A samaza wokukhulisa amandla na umqondiso ethumela ukuba i-eriyali.
- antenna yentonga ngombane conductive obude ethile, leyo ihlaba amaza erediyo electromagnetic.
- uphawu sesimangalo kwicala receiver le.
- demodulator, nto leyo eya kuba nako ukuzifumana iinkcukacha original evela umqondiso radio ezifunyenweyo.
- Okokugqibela, kukho izixhobo nezinye iinkcukacha ngesondo (umz, isithethi).
izimiso radio
Umgaqo yanamhlanje kanomathotholo wakhawulwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Nangona radio eyenzelwe ikakhulu ilizwi kunye nomculo. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu banethuba ukusebenzisa imigaqo yonxibelelwano kunomathotholo ukuba ukudluliselwa kwedata ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, ezifana kokubhaliweyo. Oku kwakhokelela kokusungulwa ikhowudi yocingo.
Common ilizwi, umculo okanye yocingo kukuba iinkcukacha eziphambili ngokufihlisa xa iziganeko isandi, esibonakala awo namatyeli (Hz). Abantu ukuva izandi kumqolo ukusuka 30 Hz ukuya malunga 12,000 Hz. Le uluhlu kuthiwa spectrum ephilileyo.
Le spectrum sokuquqa kwerediyo wohlulwe ezahlukeneyo iibhendi zamaza. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu ezithile ngokumalunga ukukhutshwa kunye ukubola emoyeni. Ngaba idla njengoko ichazwe kule theyibhile ingezantsi izicelo yonxibelelwano ezisebenza ngayo kumqolo onikiweyo.
| LF-ibanga | 30 kHz | ukuya ku 300 kHz | njengefama moya CTLI navigation nolwazi usulelo. |
| FM uyacamngca | 300 kHz | ukuya kuma- 3000 kHz | Zisetyenziselwa usasazo lwedijithali. |
| HP ibanga | 3000 kHz | ku 30000 kHz | Le lebanga awunankinga eliphakathi ezisentlabathini radio elide. |
| VHF band | 30000 kHz | ku 300,000 kHz | FM uqobo zisetyenziselwa usasazo esentlabathini zaselwandle zonxibelelwano kunye moya |
| UHF-band | 300,000 kHz | ku 3000000 kHz | Nale uluhlu lweenkqubo Positioning satellite yokusebenza kwakunye Pop. |
Namhlanje kunzima ukucinga oko baye uluntu ngaphandle unxibelelwano ngonomathotholo, ethe wafumana isicelo yalo kwizixhobo ezininzi mihla. Umzekelo, imigaqo ngoonomathotholo noomabonakude zisetyenziswa mobile phones, keyboard, GPRS, Wi-Fi, uthungelwano lwekhompyutha wireless njalo njalo.
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