Andrey Grigorevich Shkuro - Jikelele, SS Gruppenführer. biography

Future Cossack General Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich wazalelwa kwilali Kuban Pashkovskaya usapho podesaula Gregory Fedorovich uthuma kunye nomfazi wakhe Anastasia Andreyevna. phezu zombini migca, Zaporozhye mkhaya iingcambu. Warlord White Skin walitshintsha igama lakhe eluswini ngexesha leMfazwe Civil.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

intloko ntsapho yaba Cossack obalaseleyo, owayesaziwa kakuhle ukuba amajoni kunye Ekaterinodar. Gregory F. inxaxheba emfazweni Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878. kwaye nam iimbasa ezininzi. Akumangalisi ukuba unyana wakhe iphupha ebuntwaneni umsebenzi emkhosini.

On ikhaya encinane Andrey Alexandrov waphumelela Kuban kwisikolo lokwenene. Ke uyise wamthumela ukuya kwisithathu Moscow yeCadet lweSizwe, ukusuka apho lo mfana izidanga ngowe-1907. Emva koku, lo mfana bafudukela eyinkunzi wangena Higher Nikolayev-Calvary School. Ukuba igosa Shkuro kudluliselwa 1st Yekaterinodar amahashe butho omi Ust-Labinsk.

The First World War

Ebutsheni bakhe Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich wayehluke uphawu ezinkulu. Ukuba uhlobo ekucamngceni wenza Cossack ngexesha elinye leeholide ukuba bazibandakanye basemgodini igolide umkhankaso nayo ukuya eMpuma eSiberia. Kwisithili Nerchinsk, wafunda malunga nengcitho kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Yaqala kwilinge, oluyintshakavula kuwa phantsi ijoni zobungcali kunye ifihla. Iinjengele ngokukhawuleza kangangoko, ngoko xa Lieutenant umfana weza lweenkobe Ekaterinodar wakhe, webutho bakhe, wenyuka waya ngaphambili.

Shkuro mna ndifuna ukuhlala ekhaya. Emva ethile ukweyisela ataman Babych umnyulele ukuba abe ligosa junior kwi 3rd webutho Hopersky. Xa ukulwa lwakhe lokuqala elisebenzisa lakhe elitsha Shkuro wabonisa buqu ukuba umphathi ophezulu. Kweli dabi Sieniawa ngaphambili Galician, zafakwa abantu abangama-50. Kwakukho lokuqala ibhaso yendalo - Order of St. Anne 4-th.

"Ingcuka anamanci"

Kwaqengqeleka iinyanga ezininzi igosa Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich (1886-1947) wayedla njalo ngaphambili. In yena uhlatywe (in a unyawo enqamlezeneyo) i okuthile rhoqo ibe ukuhlola ngoDisemba 1915. Ngo-Apreli 1916, wabuyela emsebenzini. Webutho, Shkuro wafumana iqela umatshini-gun yonke. Waphinda ababuleweyo (eli xesha esiswini). Andrew G. waya ukuphathwa ekhayeni labo Ekaterinodar. Kuba isibindi nempumelelo amaninzi waba esaul.

Ngasemva, igosa wagqiba ekubeni abeke iqela lakhe elithile. Xa phezulu wanika ukhanyo, a Cossack kunye benamandla waqalisa yokulungiselela uxhulumaniso entsha. Eli qela ngokukhawuleza waduma yaye bafumana igama sikweni "Wolf omnye elinamanci" (isizathu ukuba yibhanile ngomfanekiso intloko ingcuka leyo). Le luqalile nesikhumba zazikwazi kuphela kakhulu lithemba kunye Cossacks. Elikhulu ovuthuzayo siyadlula uphathwe isiJamani kunye Austria, ecebisa kukho nzise ibangela umonakalo omkhulu. Cossack iibhulorho Bavuthela kunye warehouses zokudubula indlela ibhuqiwe ohambisa moto. Umkhosi unit Russian unique nangoko yaba kaHomer. Le umxakatho eziphambili Bobi wavuka Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. "Ingcuka ikhulu" ibingayi kwenzeka ngaphandle amandla akhe phulo.

1917

On the February Revolution kunye shela kakumkani Andrew Shkuro wafumana kufuphi Chisinau. Kanye uninzi Cossacks, ukuba kude kwezopolitiko, ukuya Provisional kaRhulumente kuthathwa yeqonga yaye abazange baqaphele nto kodwa isifungo komlawuli. era isaqhwithi kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze izigqibo ezinzima. squad Shkuro iphumelele kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Chisinau waza wasithimba uloliwe waya ekhaya.

Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa yokuphumla kuzinze abadumileyo sele waya eCaucasus. Kunye nabahlobo abathembekileyo ngayo kuqala weza Baku waza wayeka ngo Enzeli. unit kwakhe yaba yinxalenye angaphathi Jikelele Nicholas Baratova. Kwelinye icala, i-Cossacks balwa Turks and ke Kurds, kwelinye icala wayesilwa lo mbuso phakathi kwamasoldati noomatiloshe. Ngowe-1917 Shkuro kwafuneka imfazwe wasePersi, yaye eCaucasus. Ngxabano commissars ezibomvu ezixabisa omnye wayilimaza. Xa ekwindla ka Cossack wabuyela ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, yaye ngo-Oktobha wonyulwa kwi kwipalamente zengingqi Kuban. Shkuro waba inxusa amajoni.

Ukuqala kweMfazwe Civil

Andrew Shkuro wafumana ko xa iindaba ngokuza ku namandla iiBolsheviks in Petrograd. Ngokutsho iinkolelo zabo Cossack wahlala monarchist. ungquzulwano eceleni uvukile nkqu kunye abaxhasi kwiriphabliki. Reds gosa wamcekisa ngokuphandle ndamthiya. Kungekudala zantsi eRashiya, uye waba yindawo ekuxhaseni abachasi iiBolsheviks, waba phakathi kwabo iintsuba jikelele elizayo. usapho warlord ngelo xesha wayehlala Kislovodsk, kwaye kukho kuzinze ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukuqhuba intlangano yakhe iqela athembekileyo.

NgoJulayi 7, 1918 Shkuro wawagxotha ebomvu evela aseStavropol. Ukuze wenze oku, yena ayiqalisi ukuba ukusebenzisa sixhobo. Yonke into efunekayo Cossack - ubhale el kunye nesisongelo yabadlali ukuhlasela kwindawo, ukuba abathanga ukushiya umzi. Ke ngokwenene Aphuma aseStavropol. Noko ke, yonke umzabalazo kodwa ukuza. Kodwa sele zokuqala ibakala kweMfazwe Civil Shkuro waba ngomnye neenkokeli intshukumo White. igama lakhe Wakha ngoncedo intransigence kunye adventurism kumzabalazo wokulwa revolution.

white General

Ngo-Oktobha 1918, enkosi kwimisebenzi Andreya Shkuro kwasekwa amaGosa webutho 1st Kislovodsk. Kungekudala emva koko, waya Ekaterinodar, apho wayedibana umthetheli e Chief of Anton Denikin. Waba awonwabanga nalwazelelelo Cossack. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ungquzulwano phakathi amanani amabini ekufikelelwa kuyo. Iinkokheli intshukumo White ibize ndaweninye okokugqibela ingozi eqhelekileyo. In Denikin Shkuro koko wabubhekisa hlula amahashe abaseAfrika. November 30, waba General Major.

Ukulwa kwingingqi aseStavropol, Andrei Shkuro walungelelanisa imveliso emthethweni, amaqokobhe, iibhutsi yesikhumba, ilaphu, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo umkhosi White intshukumo. Kamva, Noko ke, kwafuneka ukuba afudukele Kuban. NgoFebruwari 1919, uAndrew Shkuro wamiselwa ingqwayi-1st Army Corps kwi abaseAfrika Yamavolontiya Army. Ngesi ukwakheka, walwa kwi Don Cossacks unceda apho undoqo ngaphambili nxamnye iiBolsheviks. Kwelinye amadabi kufuphi stanitsa Illovayskogo wakwazi ukuba ndimaphule squad Nestora Mahno.

Victory angoyiswa

Xa kwincopho impumelelo Shkuro emhlophe Andrey inxaxheba iimfazwe ngenxa Ekaterinoslav, eKharkov kunye nezinye izixeko Ukrainian. Ukuze uncedo imikhosi British encedisayo Julayi 2, 1919 wawongwa Order British webhate. Elo phulo luhlaselo isandulela kwi eMoscow. NgoSeptemba 17, ngethuba ngoMatshi ukuya kwikomkhulu yamandulo Shkuro Cossacks wathabatha Voronezh. White wabamba isixeko kwinyanga ephelileyo. Phantsi zihlaselwa-Calvary Division Budyonny kwafuneka baleka. Kuhlaselwa eMoscow zixinge akasekude injongo oyifunayo.

Shkuro kunye angaphathi wakhe lihambe liye Novorossiysk. Baphume esuka kwizibuko kuLwandle Black olwenziwe kamsinya umbutho embi. Jikelele, ezifana maqabane abaninzi sikhala esaneleyo kwi ngeenqanawa. Waya Tuapse kunye Sochi bafuduka eCrimea.

in ekuthinjweni

NgoMeyi 1920, Wrangel, ababengawathandi Shkuro, wayindulula igosa, emva koko waba ekuthinjweni. Kungekudala yokutyiwa kwaloo mbutho White batyunyuzwa yi kwiBolsheviks. Amawaka Cossacks oyiswa ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Umntu ahlala kumazwe Balkan, umntu eFransi.

Njengoko Paris ekhaya wakhetha ndlela yo vava. Le jikelele wayeselula, ezele amandla kunye neshishini. Xa ekuthinjweni, wahlanganisa Cossack qembu belusenziwa iziganeko samahashe, wasebenza isekisi, yaye wavela films cwaka. Le ntetho yokuqala Kuban kwibala "Buffalo" kwimimandla Paris bahlanganisana 20 amawaka ababukeli. The French wayengazi ngobuchule ekukhweleni, ukuze impumelelo yemali qembu walungiselelwa.

indlela umakhi

Ngowe-1931, iYugoslavia yaba lilizwe elitsha, apho uAndreya idonki neentsuba. Jikelele esaphila KwiiBalkans baqalisa ukugcina abafowunelwa kunye efake ataman umkhosi Vyacheslav Naumenko. Shkuro kuyo yonke le minyaka interwar yaba inani esebenzayo kwi Cossack intshukumo elubhacweni. Uye kwenziwa rhoqo, ukuzama ukugcina umanyano Kuban, abaphulukana ikhaya labo yaye zibandakanyeke impikiswano yepolitiki.

Yena a owayesakuba imiba jikelele kunye nezenziwayo. Wenza isivumelwano inkampani "Batignolles" ethile ukuhlela umsebenzi nokwakhiwa wongqameko 90-kilometre-elide, egadini Belgrade, Pancevo kunye Zemun ukuba prying iDanube izikhukula. YayingamaSerb bavuya kunye iziphumo waza wayalela ukwakhiwa Cossacks of kwebhulorho kaloliwe kumazantsi eli lizwe. Shkuro baye basebenza kuphela Kuban, kodwa Don abantu, Astrakhan, wesithathu, kunye nezinye abahlala kumazantsi Russia. Okulandelayo kumaqela Andrew G. wasebenza Cossacks omnye hero of World War I Viktora Zborovskogo. Ezinye awayakhayo ngoko baseYugoslavia neendlela kunye namadama abasebenza kude.

Kwakhona Fihla (njengamanye amazwe amaninzi emhlophe) washiya kwimbali yobomi, apho wachaza okuvelayo yakhe kweMfazwe Civil. Namhlanje, incwadi yakhe "Amanqaku a ngokunomkhethe White" yi womyoleli era ukwazi, ukunceda ukuba baqonde yalungiswa walungelelanisa ekulweni iiBolsheviks kwi South of Russia ngayo.

enze isinqumo

Emva kokuba ukuhlasela ngamaNazi eJamani kwi eSoviet Union basemzini ezimhlophe senze ukhetho olunzima. Yena nobusuku Andreya Shkuro. wamthiya Jikelele USSR, wayefuna ukuya ukususa Russia ka kwiBolsheviks ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka aze abuyele kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa Kuban. Ekubeni War Civil, sele kudlule iminyaka engama-20. Uninzi lwamalungu ayo ayengasekho abatsha, kodwa ngokupheleleyo amandla. Kodwa enje engumlawuli anti-Soviet njengoko Denikin kunye Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich wala ukuxhasa amaJamani. Kodwa yangaphambili Ataman of the Don Cossacks, uPetros Krasnov waya rapprochement kunye Wesithathu. Emva kwakhe ukhetho wenza ngezikhumba jikelele. Biography of umphathi ngenxa yesi sigqibo kwaye namhlanje impikiswano enkulu.

Ngaphandle kwenkxaso open source lwe k Hitler ukususela phakathi Cossacks ixesha elide besingenalo imikhosi yayo yamajoni. Le meko kuphela ngo-1943. Ngelo xesha, i Wehrmacht wayesele baphulukana imfazwe Stalingrad, kunye kwakhe lokugqibela yonke imfazwe iye yaba yinto ixesha. Bexakekile, i Fuehrer watshintsha ingqondo yakhe waza wanika go-phambili kulwenziwo eentloko ezaxhobela Cossack abajoyine SS.

Xa inkonzo amaJamani

Ngowe-1944, Gruppenführer SS Andrew Shkuro okokuqala ixesha elide aya umkhosi. Kubonakele ukuba lo 15 Cossack-Calvary lweSizwe. Wawabona Jikelele ekupheleni amathandathu balwa kuzinze waseYugoslavia. Akazange kwafuneka abuyele eRashiya ngezigalo. Ngelo xesha, ziyahlelwa Wesithathu wayesele ekufanele bayifumane. Kwanangaphambi kokuba imikhosi Soviet wathabatha Berlin, uStalin kwi kwiNkomfa Yalta abayinyamekelayo amalungiselelo Amanyeneyo malunga nabahleli elizayo.

Meyi 2 Cossacks waya Austria East Tyrol ukuba bazinikele British. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho khumba Jikelele. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi-2, wema phezu siseko kwizikhundla anti-eSoviet, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukungena ezandleni NKVD wathembisa kufa kungekudala. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali ezahlukeneyo ziqikelela ukuba enkampini Cossack, kwakukho abantu malunga 36 amawaka (20 lamawaka amadoda omeleleyo, yaye abanye baba ziimbacu abamsulwa).

Nokukhutshwa ku Lienz

May 18, 1945 amaBritane wathabatha emuva abasabileyo bakwaEfrayim. Cossacks kwafuneka ukuba anikezele phantse zonke izixhobo zabo. Kubo, yonduluka iminquba ezikhethekileyo zaye zaveliswa kummandla wesixeko Austria ka Lienz.

Kwezi ukukhutshwa zizonke ubunzima amagosa 1500. Ubume umyalelo lonke (kubandakanywa iinjengele) phantsi nokuzenza wawabizela entlanganisweni, uze emva koko uyazimela kwiiwadi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. facts umdla ngobomi bakhe, ogalelwe ezibuhlungu. Emva kweminyaka ngokonwaba asekuthinjweni, wasusela balungiseke, kodwa ekugqibeleni kunye negama nje nesandla amaNazi yanikwa amalungu NKVD.

Trial kunye nokubulawa

Emva kokukhutshwa British uphum amagosa kunye nezinye Cossack. Lawo ukuhlangana kwaye ukuzikhusela, kwaye ngenxa yoko bengakwazi ukumelana. Bonke bephela, evuthiswe USSR.

par Shkuro ne Petrom Krasnovym kunye nezinye iinkokheli ezininzi abahleli wafumana isohlwayo sokufa. Ukuqotywa Cossacks waba ukutyhilwa. Umangalelwa Ngokuba imisebenzi abagrogrisi yaye umzabalazo wezigalo owawusilwa eSoviet Union lowo wamxhoma. Andrew Shkuro abulawa eMoscow ngoJanuwari 16, 1947. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yena waba bakwazi ukubuyela kwilizwe labo.