Ukuthengiswa Alaska, 1867. Ngubani ulawula eRashiya ngexesha yaye wathatha isigqibo sokuba uthengise lizwe?

Sekudlule iminyaka 147, yaye ke eRashiya ukhumbule igama embi 1867. Ngubani olawula eRashiya ngelo xesha? Ngubani owenza isigqibo-obona elingephi, njengoko intengiso izimbiwa, izityebi ngegolide kunye Alaska Peninsula? Njani ukuze ngokungakhathali ukulahla ngobutyebi belizwe? Bekukho imibuzo emininzi, kodwa iimpendulo kuza kuphela ubudala, kuba ngeenxa eli shishini ixesha elininzi namarhe intelekelelo. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, Alaska azithengiswa, kodwa kunikwa kuphela, yaye emva ukubuyisela ukhohliwe, kwelinye - intsimi kunikwa baseMerika, uCatherine II Omkhulu, nangowesithathu - umkhombe, esathutha igolide eMelika, yazika, amaxwebhu aphel, ngoko intengiselwano ingaba zisenokuthathwa njengezingekho mthethweni. Kodwa ngokwenene yintoni kunjalo?

Ukuvulwa indawo Russian

Okokuqala bafunda Alaska ngo-1732 kubulelwe Oomatiloshe M. Gvozdev kunye Fedorov, kodwa umhla kuvulo ngokusesikweni i-lizwe ithathwa 1841, kuba ngelo xesha ukuba Captain A. Chirikov intsimi ebhalisiweyo. Russian Empire, eli lizwe ukuba akanamdla kuba kwakungekho muntu, kude izinziswe, ukufumana kwakukho nzima. Alaska ngokubonakalayo ekuphuhliseni abarhwebi Russian wathenga oboya evela abantu balapha, yaye kamva baza baqalisa yorhwebo imigodi kunye izimbiwa wokuhlola, kwaye ngoko ke waya 1867. Ngubani olawula eRashiya ngelo xesha? Izintso ezigcinwe ezandleni zakhe, Alexander II, kodwa ke ukumkani ezininzi iingxaki ngaphandle usingasiqithi, ngoko liba ikakhulu abarhwebi, wadala kunye noosomashishini American inkampani yakhe ukususa resource. E Alaska, bona geni amalahle, kunikelwa kuzo US ice kunye yezimvu zamanzi.

Isigqibo sokuthengisa usingasiqithi

1867 kwimbali Russian into ebalulekileyo, ke ngoko loo ntsimi wayo lancitshiswa ku-1.5 million km ^2. Duke uKonstantin Nikolaevich Romanov, umzalwana soMhlekazi, ukumkani kucetyiswa ukuba balahle Alaska. Usingasiqithi uyaziwa izimbiwa kunye needipozithi negolide. imithombo abaninzi bathi ngokungazi kwicala Russian malunga izibonelelo mmandla, kodwa ayikho. I koMlawuli wayesazi kakuhle ukuba zizityebi Alaska, kanti woyika ukuhlasela amaNgesi, ngenxa yokuba nto yokuzithethelela. Alexander II wayalela ukuthethana kunye United States friendly ekuthengisweni lizwe labo.

Uthethwano kunye norhulumente US

Yaba kuhlwile 1867. Ngubani ulawula eRashiya ngelo xesha, Ndakhulela kwemiqathango engqongqo. Alexander II esichengeni bonke ukuba bahlale kunye nto, ngokuba umphefumlo awuzali yasebukhosini aseBritani baba omkhulu. Xa US mthunywa yoBukhosi baseRashiya waba Baron Edouard Stoeckl, endithethisa ukuba ezingxoxweni. Ku ekuqaleni kuluhlu ixabiso $ 5 million ngegolide, kodwa baron ngokwakho waphakamisa ukuba 7.2 yezigidi. The AmaMelika musa ngokwenene ufuna ukufumana mmandla womkhenkce kunye nabemi. Stoeckl kunika izicengo, uzithenga maphephandaba ukubhala amanqaku laudatory malunga Alaska, ekugqibeleni, i-US wavuma ukuba bathenge lo zwe.

Aphila izizukulwana ezilandelayo ukhunjulwa kakuhle kakhulu ngo-1867 kwimbali eRashiya. Abajongene show? Kusenokubonakala ngathi umlawuli baphenjelelwa umninawa wakhe omncinane, kodwa ayikho. Alexander II wayesazi kakuhle ukubaluleka isenzo sakhe, wavele akukho ukhetho.

Ngaba Russia wathatha isigqibo esifanelekileyo?

Ngoku, ungenza phikisana malunga imfuneko kwintengiso lesiqa omkhulu weli lizwe, kodwa simele siqonde ukuba ngoko kwaba 1867. Ngubani olawula Russia, waqonda ngokugqibeleleyo precariousness isikhundla sakhe. Gold kunye neeminerali okunokutsalela ngayo iintshaba, kuquka nobutshaba ukuya United Kingdom kunye uBukhosi Russian singenanto yokuzithethelela, loo mmandla engazange komelezwa. Kakade ke, izigidi 7.2 zeerandi usingasiqithi elibanzi, elityebileyo, ezifana - isixa encinane, kodwa emva kokuba Alexander II akakwazanga ukufumana nto xa kukho ihlaselwe yaseBritani, kodwa uya kulahlekelwa ubuso kwezopolitiko. Ngoko ke, ekuthengisweni Alaska ngelo xesha isenzo gwe.