The Economist Austria Friedrich Hayek: A Biography, imisebenzi, iinkolelo kunye neencwadi

Friedrich August von Hayek - yinto ngezoqoqosho Austria kunye British sobulumko. Wamela izilangazelelo liberalism yamandulo. Ngowe-1974 wafumana ngeMbasa kaNobel isibini kunye Gunnar Mirdelom for "umsebenzi onguvulindlela kwithiyori imali kunye ... uhlalutyo enzulu kokuxhomekeka nesenzeko yezoqoqosho, ezentlalo neyeziko." Hayek ebizwa ummeli kwizikolo Austrian kunye Chicago. main ngempumelelo yakhe - kodwa ingxaki ubalo kwezoqoqosho, catallactics ithiyori saa ulwazi, uphawu ixabiso, ukuze zidityaniswe, imodeli Hayek, Hebb.

ulwazi jikelele

Friedrich Hayek waba Njengomhlaziyi ezibalulekileyo zentlalo kunye sobulumko yezopolitiko kwinkulungwane XX. iimbono zakhe malunga ukutshintsha indlela imiyalezo ixabiso bantu inkcazelo ebalulekileyo eza kubanceda ukuququzelela izicwangciso zabo, yaba impumelelo ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Hayek inxaxheba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathi ukuba la mava kudale kuye umnqweno ukuba sisazinzulu nokunceda abantu baphephe iimpazamo ezabangela ukuba imfazwe. Ngexesha lakhe, wayedla utshintshe indawo yakhe yokuhlala. Friedrich Hayek usebenze Austria, i-UK, USA ne Germany. Yena waba uprofesa e London School of Economics, Chicago kunye neYunivesithi Fribourg. Ngowe-1939, Hayek wanikwa ubumi yaseBritani. Ngowe-1984 waba lilungu le-Order of Knights Imbeko kunye umamkeli yokuqala Hans Martin Schleyer Prize. inqaku lakhe "Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi eluntwini" yaqukwa kwi-top amabini, epapashwe kulindixesha The American Economic Review kwiminyaka yokuqala 100 ikho.

biography

Friedrich Hayek wazalelwa eVienna. Utata wakhe nogqirha kunye nowaBandwendweli Makhaya Professor of Botany kwiyunivesithi ekufuphi. unina Hayek kaThixo wazalwa kwintsapho otyebileyo mhlaba. Ngaphandle Frederick, esi sibini wazala enye, unyana amabini (1.5 no-5 kweminyaka abancinane kunaye). Zombini Hayek nomkhulu izazi. Wakhe umzala yesibini kwicala koomama yaba -sobulumko odumileyo Ludwig Vittgenstayn. Konke oku kwanefuthe kakhulu ukhetho iinkalo umdla sisazinzulu elizayo. Ngowe-1917, Friedrich Hayek wajoyina webutho zokudubula emkhosini Austria-Hungarian ngaphambili Italian. Yena Ikhutshelwa sobukhalipha lakhe ngexesha lemfazwe.

Ngo-1921 no-1923 wayezithethelela PhD yakhe Law and Political Science. Ngo-1931 waqalisa ukusebenza kwi-London School of Economics. Yena ngokukhawuleza abe nendumasi. Kwaye malunga Hayek wathetha njengoko nkolelo ephambili kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Emva Germany waba phantsi kolawulo lwamaNazi, wagqiba ekubeni athabathe ubumi British. Kwiminyaka 1950-1962 wayephila eUnited States. Emva koko, wafudukela eJamani. Noko ke, Hayek wahlala isifundo British phambi kokuphela ubomi bakhe. Ngowe-1974 waphumelela iimviwo zokuphela Prize Nobel. Esi siganeko bamzisa nokuba zithandwa ngakumbi. Ebudeni kulenkonzo, badibana ophikisana Russian Aleksandrom Solzhenitsynym. Emva koko wathumela kuye inguqulelo umsebenzi wakhe edumileyo, "I-Road to Serfdom."

impilo Personal

Ngo-Agasti 1926, Friedrich Hayek watshata uHelen Berte Marii von Fritsch. Badibana emsebenzini. Esi sibini wayenabantwana ababini; kodwa bayiqhekeza ngo-1950. Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuba ukuqhawulwa komtshato Hayek watshata uHelen Bitterlich e Arkansas, apho kungenziwa.

Friedrich Hayek: Book

The University of Chicago uceba ukukhupha ingqokelela imisebenzi ingcali yenzululwazi, owenze kangangethuba ixesha elide apha. Uthotho nemiqulu 19 liya kuba iinguqulelo ezintsha iincwadi, udliwano-umbhali, amanqaku, iileta kunye iidrafti lushicilelwe. imisebenzi Hayek eyona idumileyo ziquka:

• "Monetary Theory kunye Cycle Trade" 1929.
• "Amaxabiso kunye nemveliso" 1931.
• "Ingeniso, inzala kunye notyalo-mali kunye nezinye izincoko kwi kwithiyori ukuhla mveliso," 1939.
• "I-Road to Serfdom," 1944.
• "Komuntu kunye Order loQoqosho," 1948.
• "Ukudluliselwa entandweni inkululeko", 1951.
• "Le Isibali-revolution kwinzululwazi: Izifundo ze kakubi ingqondo", 1952.
• "UMgaqo-siseko of Liberty," 1960.
• "Ekuzaziseni Fatal: Imposiso kwiSocialism"-1988.

Friedrich Hayek, "Indlela Serfdom"

Yeyona msebenzi adumileyo ngezoqoqosho Austria sobulumko. Wawubhala 1940-1943 ngokulandelelanayo. Kuyo, ulumkisa ngelithi iingozi ubundlobongela, apho ngokuyimfuneko kuphelisa ulawulo lukarhulumente phezu sisigqibo izigqibo central izicwangciso. Friedrich von Hayek uthi ngokukhatywa exabisekileyo kunye iingcinga liberalism lakudala nakanjani kubangela ukuba ukungabi nayo inkululeko, ukuba nokudala uluntu nje, ulawulo ngokozwi kunye "ubukhoboka" zabantu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingxelo ze-sisazinzulu wabaleka kunxamnye imisebenzi lwezenzululwazi ezazikho ngelo xesha izimvo ukuba Fascism (Socialism National) Asabela zongxowankulu kuphuhliso socialism. Hayek wabonisa iingcambu eziqhelekileyo kwezi nkqubo zimbini. iikopi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini "I-Road to Serfdom," baye athengiswe ukususela ncwadi. Umsebenzi Fridriha Hayeka iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu intetho kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ngenkulungwane XX. quote lakhe namhlanje.

Igalelo kwaye nokwamkelwa

umsebenzi Hayek kuye kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso ingcamango lwezoqoqosho. izimvo zakhe esi sibhalo yesibini (emva Arrow Kenneth) kule ntetho ka-Nobel Prize. Vernon Smith kunye Herbert uSimon, lo kuthiwa abezoqoqosho yakhe edumileyo lwanamhlanje. It Hayek wokuqala ukwazisa zicingisise zexeshana kwi lizama emarikeni. Yena waba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso theory ukukhula, ezoqoqosho ulwazi kunye ingqiqo ukuze ezizenzekelayo.

Ezililifa honours

Nokuba emva kokufa, Hayek kuhlala omnye ngezoqoqosho abadumileyo namhlanje. izimvo zakhe abazange yalupheleyo. Ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe:

• Student Society e-London School of Economics. Oku kwadalwa ngo-1996.
• Society e Oxford. Yenziwe ngo 1983.
• Abaphulaphuli kwi yaseCato Institute. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Hayek wawongwa isihloko uphando imbeko amanye abaphezulu lombutho yophando American.
• Abaphulaphuli kwiYunivesithi Francisco Marroquin e Guatemala.
• Foundation eenzululwazi ye-Institute of Studies enceda abantu. Yena unika ibhaso isidanga kunye nabaphandi abaselula.
• Lecture yonyaka Ludwig von phumo Institute. Yena izazinzulu bethetha ngegalelo Hayek ukuba isayensi.
• Award e George Mason University ukuba babhale izincoko kwezoqoqosho.