Ukusetyenziswa ethylene. iipropati ethylene

Ethylene yinto elula oganikhi khompawundi eyaziwa ngokuba alkenes. Le nto enemibala igesi enokutsha, Ngokuba bengcamle elithozamisayo kunye nevumba. imithombo yendalo ziquka igesi yendalo kunye neoli, kukwayinto entle hormone zendalo izityalo, apho abangaphangeliyo ukukhula kwaye ikhuthaza lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Ukusetyenziswa ethylene kuxhaphakile organic chemistry mveliso. Yenziwa yi ngokufudumeza igesi yendalo, indawo ukunyibilika 169,4 ° C, lokubila - 103 9 ° C.

Ethylene: iimpawu zesakhiwo neempawu

Hydrocarbon ezo molekyuli eziqulathe yeehidrojeni nembumba yeekharbon. Ziyashiyana kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kwinani neentambo abangatshatanga kunye kabini kunye yokuqhelaniswa noshowo kwicandelo ngalinye. Omnye umsebenzi olula, kodwa impilo yaye buyingenelo kwezoqoqosho ezizizembiwa yi ethylene. Oku kuza ngendlela sukube, oko ezingenambala zivuthe kakhulu. It iqulathe athom ezimbini kabini yesondo carbon kunye atom hydrogen. Ifomula imichiza yi C ₂ H _4. Ifom noshowo kwemolekyuli lwento ngenxa yobukho ibhondi kabini embindini.
Ethylene yi elibi musky elithozamisayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqaphela into emoyeni. Oku kusebenza kuzo igesi ekwimo ecocekileyo: ivumba kungaphela xa ixutywe namanye amachiza.

izicelo Scheme ethylene

Ethylene isetyenziswa ezimbini ezisisiseko iindidi: i monomer kokhiwe apho imixokelelwane carbon elikhulu, kwaye njenge ekrwada ukuba ezinye iikhompawundi carbon-ezimbini eziphathekayo. Polymerization - phindaphinda oku kuhlanganiswa nobuninzi ethylene iimolekyuli ezincinane zibe nkulu. Le nkqubo kwenzeka iingcinezelo ephakamileyo kunye namaqondo. Izicelo ethylene ezininzi. Polyethylene - a Polymer, nesetyenziswa ingakumbi ngobuninzi bhanya zokubopha, Ipeyinti ucingo, kunye neebhotile zeplastiki. Enye ukusetyenziswa ethylene njengoko monomer iphathelene ukuyilwa yomgama α-olefins. Ethylene yenzelwe ukulungiselela eziliqela iikhompawundi carbon-ezimbini ezifana ethanol (utywala mveliso), ethylene oxide (nokubanda, izinto zokuqala imicu ipholiyesta kunye bhanyabhanya) of acetaldehyde kunye IVinyl chloride. Ukongeza kwezi zinto, ethylene kunye nefom benzene ethylbenzene, esetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iiplastikhi kunye zerabha zokwenziwa. Iyeza Umbuzo lelinye hydrocarbon zilula. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu ethylene kwenza kube ngokwezoqoqosho eziphilayo ebalulekileyo.

ezentengiso

Iipropati ethylene zinika isiseko esihle yanikwa engumgquba (carbon kwaye equlethe hydrogen) impahla yorhwebo. iimolekyuli ethylene Single ixakathwe ukuvelisa polyethylene (nto leyo ithetha lukhulu molecule ethylene). Polyethylene isetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki. Ngapha koko, ukuba zingasetyenziswa ezivelisa iisepha, kunye zokuthambisa zokwenziwa, ezo iikhemikhali kusetyenziselwa ukuzinciphisa ukukhuhlana. Ukusetyenziswa ethylene ngenxa styrenes ezibalulekileyo ukusekwa irabha kunye nokupakishwa olukhuselayo. Ukongeza, lisetyenziswa kushishino izihlangu ezi, ingakumbi izihlangu ezemidlalo, kwakunye ekuvelisweni lwamavili imoto. Ukusetyenziswa ethylene kubalulekile ngokorhwebo, kwaye igesi ngokwayo yenye hydrocarbon eziveliswa kakhulu qho jikelele.

Health Iingozi

Ethylene yingozi empilweni kwindawo yokuqala ngenxa yokuba olunokutsha kakhulu kwaye Uyadubula. Kwakhona isebenze njenge amachiza kungomlinganiselo omncinci, ibangela isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nelahleko kokuxhumana iintshukumo. Phezulu lamanani, esisebenza ngayo njengoko ndindisholo, ibangela zingqondweni, novelwano kwintlungu kunye nezinye nokushukunyiswa. Yonke le miba ukumbombozela kunokuba kube kudala inkxalabo ingakumbi kubantu abasebenza ngqo igesi. Imali ethylene, ngalo abantu abaninzi zijongene kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, zidla encinci.

ukusabela ethylene

1) igcwala. Le ukongeza ioksijini, umz; xa igcwala ethylene ukuya ethylene oxide. Kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa ethylene ethers (1,2-ethanediol), ethi isetyenziswe njengento isinqandi kunye nokuveliswa polyesters ngokusebenzisa amafu polymerization.

2) Halogenation - basabela kunye ethylene fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine.

3) Le chlorination ethylene ukwenza 1,2-dichloroethane kwaye ukuguqulwa koko 1,2-dichloroethane kwi monomer IVinyl chloride. 1,2-dichloroethane yi kuphela luncedo organic, kwaye siphu- enexabiso Yindibanisela IVinyl chloride.
4) Alkylation ka - ukudibanisa hydrocarbon ukuya iqhina kabini, umzekelo, intlaka yokuhlanganisa iminombo echumileyo ethylbenzene ukusuka ethylene kunye benzene, kulandele ukuguqulwa ku styrene. Ethylbenzene i eliphakathi ekuveliseni styrene, omnye monomers IVinyl ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu. Styrene - monomer ezisetyenziselwa imveliso ezinepolisterini.

5) Kananjalo ukutsha ethylene. Irhasi afunyenwe ngokufudumeza ethyl utywala sulphuric acid wamandla.

6) ukuxovwa - indlela kongezwe amanzi iqhina kabini. Isicelo ibalulekileyo mveliso yale ukusabela ukuguqulwa ethylene ukuya ethanol.

Ethylene kunye omlilo

Ethylene - igesi kunye kungekho umbala, apho kakuhle enyibilikayo emanzini. Ukutshiswa ethylene emoyeni kunye nokusekwa icarbon dioxide namanzi. In esulungekileyo ifomu igesi ukutsha likhanyise kwe- ilangatye. Zixutywe encinci womoya, ibonelela idangatye, equka ngeengcamba ezintathu ezahlukeneyo - umbilini ongaphakathi - irhasi isigodo, umaleko blue-eluhlaza kunye cone engaphandle, apho imveliso ngokuyinxenye oxidized lo maleko pre-mixed atshiswe elangatyeni kwe-. Idangatye iziphumo ibonisa uthotho oluntsonkothileyo reactions, kwaye ukuba umxube igesi ubuwongeze umoya kwe- umaleko ngokuthe shwaka.

izinto eziluncedo

1) ethylene le yincindi izityalo zendalo, oko kuchaphazela ukukhula, uphuhliso, nokwanda, ukwaluphala kwezityalo.

2) Igesi ayikho eziyingozi awunatyhefu nabantu a xi ethile (100-150 mg).

3) Oku kusetyenziswa amayeza njengoko iintlungu.

4) amanyathelo ethylene ehla kwiqondo lobushushu ezisezantsi.

5) Eyona Uphawu ke umthondo elilungileyo izinto ezininzi, umzekelo ngokusebenzisa iibhokisi nokupakisha ikhadibhodi, iinkuni kunye neendonga eziphathekayo.

6) Nangona nezinexabiso ngamandla ayo, ukuba ziqalise inkqubo nokwanda, kunokuba kwakhona yingozi kakhulu iziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, iintyatyambo kunye nezityalo, ukukhawulezisa inkqubo ukwaluphala nokunciphisa umgangatho imveliso kunye nobomi bayo ukonakala. The degree of umonakalo kuxhomekeke ingqondo, ubude sesichengeni kunye obushushu.

7) ethylene onokudubula xa lamanani aphezulu.

8) ethylene isetyenziswa kwishishini njengokwasesipilini ukulungiselela iinjongo ezizodwa ukulungiselela ushishino ngomatshini.

9) Ukuveliswa izakhiwo zesinyithi: igesi lisetyenziswa irhasi ioksijini-sibaso ukusika metal, welding, eliphezulu-Velocity ukutshiza thermal.

10) Oli: ethylene lisetyenziswa refrigerant, ingakumbi ekuvelisweni kwegesi yendalo kwegesi.

11) Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ethylene lulwelo lovukelo kakhulu, ngaphezu koko, ukuba nayo ezinokutsha kakhulu. Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, oku kudla ethuthwa imibhobho ekhethekileyo eyahlukileyo.

12) Enye yeemveliso ixhaphakileyo kusenziwa ngqo ethylene yi zeplastiki.