Staritsa umqolomba: inkcazelo, imbali, izalathiso anika umdla

Ukuba emiqolombeni endala ekhaya kunye yokusabela izakhi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, kodwa namhlanje abantu bathanda ngobumnandi umangalisayo, ubukho kunokwenzeka efihliweyo okanye iziganeko nobani.

Staritsa emiqolombeni zonke uye umdla hayi kuphela speleologists, ngembali kunye nabakhenkethi, kodwa abameli iimfundiso ezahlukahlukeneyo nemimoya.

Isixeko Staritsa

Le idolophu encinane yasekwa ngo-1297 phezu komlambo eponymous njengenqaba ngokwemiyalelo yenkulu yaseTver uMikhail Yaroslavich. De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-16 ngayo igama Gorodesk, njengoko oko kungqinwa iinkozo eSwitzerland ngelo xesha.

De 1425, waba embindini i ubulawuli Staritskogo elizimeleyo, kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15 yaba yinxalenye Grand Duchy of eMoscow yaseTver. Xa Staritsa wayethandwa kakhulu Ivanom Groznym, ukuze ukuba Wayengqongwe ludonga emhlophe-ilitye. Wayetyelele rhoqo sixeko ngexesha ukususela 1579 nge-1581 gg.

Kuyo ngenkulungwane ye-18, esi sixeko ngokuphindaphindiweyo kudlule ukusuka kwiphondo ukuya kwelinye. Ngoko ke, ngo-1708 yena - inxalenye ESmolensk, kwaye ngo-1719 - kwiphondo yaseTver. Ukususela ngo-1727 oko kwabalelwa Novgorod, yaye ngowe-1796 wabuyela yaseTver, apho waba izibuko enkulu endleleni eya eSt Petersburg.

Ngowe-1897, Staritsa waba idolophu kwisithili mikhulu, apho kuhlala abantu abangaphezu kwama-5,000, iye 21 lokuvelisa kunye namaziko oshishino 124.

Namhlanje, isixeko ilikhaya kubantu 8,000, kwaye yaba kwidolophu zesiqhelo lwephondo, nangona "emva" imbali etyebileyo. Ngelishwa, ubunkokheli ixesha elizayo nangezimvo umda eSoviet sele ayixoxwanga kulo mzi ithuba elilodwa kuphuhliso lokhenketho. Kwaye ngokuba kukho yonke into: iicawa yamandulo nezigodlo, nemiqolomba Staritsa unique, indalo entle amathuba yeholide emangalisayo kwi iVolga emlanjeni kunye oxbow.

Imbali ambiwa kuyo

Phezu kodonga lasekhohlo iVolga zezi enkwalini ezikhethekileyo zamandulo, leyo ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-13, hayi oyinikiweyo umzi, iinqaba kunye namatye yoonongendi ezimhlophe, ngenxa apho eRashiya ngokuba ilitye elimhlophe; kodwa wanika iingeniso umzi.

nabakhi Artel de-1928, unyaka ngaphezu 7 iinkulungwane namatye elimhlophe, ukudala emangalisayo ubuhle bayo, ukudideka, kunye nobude emiqolombeni ezenziwe azalise kangangamakhulu eekhilomitha phakathi imizi saseTver kunye Rzhev.

Staritsa umqolomba, icebo apho nangoku elingasetyenziswanga, elingatsalanga ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba ngokomyalelo kukaStalin zonke zokungena ziye sigutyungelwe, ngoko akukho namnye unako ukufumana izixhobo zokusebenza efihliweyo apho ebudeni Second World War, qhubeka ukuba zifundwa speleologists kunye nezinye izazinzulu.

Ngelishwa, ngexesha ookopolotyeni collectivization abaqingqi ithe yachithwa kunye isixeko ngokuthe ukusuka pier enkulu kunye namashishini eziphuhlileyo iye yaba liziko yesithili encinane.

cavers Found

Eneneni, uhambo ezinkulu zenzululwazi kumqolomba waqala Staritsa ka-1993. Cavers kunye izazinzulu abanomdla kungekuphela izicatshulwa entsonkothileyo le mangcwaba kunye nobudala babo, kodwa ukufunda kwesiphumo sokukhutshwa isithuba apha umntu ngamnye ngengqiqo yexesha kuyo, biorhythms kunye kwemozulu ezikhoyo kuzo.

Enye mbali lweenjongo yaba ukufumana izixhobo efihlakeleyo efihliweyo apha kuzinze ngo-1941. Izazinzulu bakwazi ukuqokelela ulwazi, hayi nje kuphela kweli yokugcina ekuhlaleni, kodwa in German. Ngokusekelwe idatha yazo, kubandakanywa Staritsu baseJamani watshabalalisa Red Army wazama ukubaleka, kunye nabantu-3 kuphela agade kugcinwa kwi mangcwaba, babesaphila.

Mhlawumbi ngebahlalayo ukuze baphumeze inkonzo yakhe, silindele amaJamani ngasekhohlo, kodwa umntu kwigunya lendawo yamkela bahlaseli, wathetha ubukho babo. Ibonisa ubukho amajoni Soviet nedabi yokugqibela kunye amaNazi kwafunyanwa amalungu hambo.

amaqokobhe amaninzi kunye imizila omlilo, abahlaseli ababenza ukurhwebesha abantu baphume emqolombeni, waxelela malunga neziganeko ngaloo mihla. amajoni ezintathu abulawa ngenxa yokholo, kodwa akazange athi apho cache kwezixhobo. Akuyi kufunyanwa unanamhla.

Isizathu sokuba oku akukenzeki, ukuba ngaphambili abalele ukufa-odolo Stalin luba kunzima nje ukufumana, kodwa ecacileyo. Ukuba ukuziphatha ugcinwa, umqolomba Staritsa mhlawumbe baphele, yaye emva koko kuya hluleka mizila ezintsha.

Kubalulekile ukuba la mangcwaba, ekugqibeleni, wabonisa umdla kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ziza kufundwa, lise, ziya kufumaneka ebantwini. Namhlanje kuza ku Staritsa ukhenketho nomqolomba okuyo izixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo echaphazela uphuhliso kwezokhenketho kule ndawo.

Iihambo ukuya emqolombeni,

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu ukuba ukuhlola evulekileyo ngamagama embalwa mangcwaba apho zonke iindinyana kunye labyrinths ubotshwe intambo. Ebambelele kuyo, ungenza uye nzulu ngokwaneleyo ngaphakathi bowubona umsebenzi amakhulu nakubakhi abayisebenzayo kwezi iipaseji kangangeenkulungwane 7.

Ngaphandle iintsika zamatye onobungangamsha ezixhasa neengqameko wemiqolomba, kukho ibonwa indawo apho abasebenzi zalala apho bebexhotyiswa iitafile lokutyela.

Ngelishwa, amakhulu eekhilomitha imigudu ukuze zihlolwe de open km-30 kuphela, kodwa nomdla kuzo sele kakhulu kangangokuba abaququzeleli bokhenketho emininzi iquka nabo yohambo lwabo.

Kwaya inzuzo emva abaninzi abantu baya Staritsa mqolomba. Ukuphonononga neefoto baye athunyelwe kwi-Internet, ukuba ibe abayibonayo. Le ndawo engaqhelekanga ngokwenene, yaye abantu baqala ukubonisa umdla kuye.

nobani

Njengabanye iindawo ezininzi angaqondakali emhlabeni, la mangcwaba na kwiipropati akukho incazelo enengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye restorers, owayesebenza emqolombeni Cherepkovskaya, ngempazamo wafumanisa ukuba izinto eziwayo shwaka kwindawo ethile.

Baphose yi isikhuseli nokusingatha wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo, nangona emgangathweni mangcwaba na imigodi kwafunyanwa neentanda. Akukho ngokungaqheleki ngaphantsi wabonakala nezandi ukuba mqolomba amaxesha ngamaxesha igcwele. Ngokomzekelo, kubhaliwe weva kwenye wendlela wabaleka ugxuba namahashe, kunye elikhulu zicofwe neempuphu bakhe amatye. Kangangeenkulungwane, bahlanganisa eninzi ubungqina obubonisa ukuba kula mangcwaba shwaka bantu, kwaye ufumana ukukhanya luthintithayo akazange afumane ingcaciso.

Abaziingcali ngezenzeko nobani uhlala ukuze kubonwe into ezifihlakeleyo zigcinwa Staritsa mqolomba. Umkhomba ku yaseTver emva koko Tolpino kwilali kwindawo Staritsa ilula, kangangokuba yi-mangcwaba kufika oosonzululwazi kuphela kunye nabakhenkethi, kodwa abalandeli adventure kunye nobutyebi abazingeli.

Legends Staritskys nemiqolomba

Le rumor kwindawo ethile ezinzulwini mangcwaba ubuncwane efihliweyo Vladimir Staritsky abakhetha kumngcwaba phambi lokuya eMoscow ngokwemiyalelo Ivana Groznogo, into haunted yi abalandeli ezingela ubutyebi. Ukwazi ngumsindo wokumkani, Prince wabona ukuba nako abuyele elifeni lakhe lokuzalwa, yaye tye. Ngokwemiyalelo Ivana Groznogo wadliswa kuphela Vladimir Staritskiy, kodwa intsapho yakhe yonke.

Enye ilejendi yokuba eMonastri lendawo nemiqolomba apho iimonki sangcwatywa zingcwele. Ekubeni amangcwaba kwi woonongendi lafunyanwa isela elo, oluguqulelo, kwagqitywa ekubeni sisebenze ngaphandle, kodwa uhambo, benza ekufuneni amangcwaba, bafumana kuphela etempileni, apho bachitha amasiko abo kaSathana.

Legend of mangaliso waphezulu

Kukho inkolelo yokuba kukho umqolomba e Staritskaya ephilisa nabafutha ezibalulekileyo eluphahleni. Amabali asekelwe kumanqaku ngokwenene. Bonke kwenzeka ngexesha ayehlasela Tatar-Mongol, xa umfazi omdala akwazi bangcwabele inkwali. Emva kokuchitha ixesha elide kungekho manzi, wajika kuThixo ngomthandazo malunga esanelisa unxano. Ukuphendula, uMdali wadala umthombo ngokugalela amanzi ayo avela eluphahleni emqolombeni.

Ngokutsho legend, yena livela kuphela ngamaxesha nzima ebantwini. Njengokuba abantu abadala bathi, iphelileyo weva ngaye phambi kokufika amaJamani in Staritsa. Enkosi kwi ummangaliso ngumthi ochweliweyo ubudala eyaduma ngexesha layo, yaye namhlanje silhouette bayo kungabonwa kwi ingubo iingalo mzi.

Ukuze gxwa ezi mfihlelo, kungcono ukutyelela buqu emqolombeni Staritsa. Indlela apho ngemoto, uya kuqonda ngokulula. ulwalathiso Original - yaseTver, 80 km ikuyo Staritsa, yaye emva koko - kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa phambi Tolpino.

Ukukhusela emiqolombeni nto abembi

Ngokuba yiloo ndlela abantu, ukuba ezinye bakulungele ukwenza ngenxa yokubona inyaniso kwi "ihlombe", ngoxa abanye banomdla kuphela ingenelo. Ngoko ke la mangcwaba. Ukuba yonke izazinzulu akwazi ukufumana indlela Staritskys emiqolombeni apho amagalelo abo, le nto abembi ezi zazidlala ukuvelisa udubulo imigudu, nje ukuya yokuqala naziphi na izinto ezenziwe ngesandla.

Ukuyeka oko, kuba wadalwa uluntu esikhethekileyo ukukhusela ezikhumbuzo yembali bangaphathwa vandalism.