Eyona eziphambili ze gesi

Nature uyazi uthi ezintathu eziphambili nawuphi na umcimbi: eqinileyo, ulwelo kunye nongumoya. Phantse nawuphi na engamanzi Ungafumana nganye ezimbini ezishiyekileyo. eziqinileyo obuninzi yokunyibilika, kwamanzi okanye umoya yokuvutha na nizalise imixholo. Kodwa asingabo bonke igesi inokuba yolunye eqinile okanye ulwelo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iigesi, ezahluke kwiipropati zabo, imvelaphi kunye iimpawu isicelo.

Inkcazo kunye neempawu

Gas - into leyo luphawulwa ukungabikho okanye ixabiso ubuncinane neentambo aphakathi, kwakunye nokuhanjiswa ebonakalayo amasuntswana. iimpawu ezingundoqo, nto leyo zonke iintlobo zegesi:

1. Fluidity, deformability, hexa, umnqweno ukwandisa umthamo zisabela athom kunye iimolekyuli ukuba uwise okanye ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu esizibonakalisa utshintsho ngobunzulu yeentshukumo zabo.
2. Apho, kubushushu phantsi apho umfutho abuphumi ngexa lenguqu ukuya kurhulumente engamanzi.
3. Lula zixinaniswe, zancitshiswa umthamo. Oku kwenza Ukuphathwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.
4. Kakhulu kwegesi yi ucinezelo phakathi kwemida ezithile kwengcinezelo kunye nobushushu amaxabiso ezibalulekileyo.

Ngu nokungafumaneki uphando luchazwe ngokusebenzisa ezi iparameters esisiseko: iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, umthamo kunye nobunzima izinyo.

Ukwahlukanisa yesibambiso

Kwimeko-bume yendalo zonke iintlobo yeegesi emoyeni, emhlabeni kunye namanzi.

1. Compound komoya: ioksijini, initrogen, icarbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen monoxide kunye ubumdaka neon, Interface, hydrogen, methane.
2. Ngo-nitrogen uqweqwe, hydrogen, igesi kunye nezinye hydrocarbon, icarbon dioxide, sulphur oxide kunye nabanye zikwimeko sukube okanye engamanzi. Kwakhona, kukho gesi kwi iqhezu esiluqilima admixture ngeengcamba yamanzi kwiingcinezelo malunga 250 ATM. kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu (20 ° C).
3. Amachibi ziqulathe iigesi ezinyibilikayo - hydrogen chloride, ammonia kunye kakuhle enyibilikayo - oksijini, initrogen, hydrogen, icarbon dioxide et al.

kwemithombo yendalo kude kune nani esidalwe ngumntu kunokwenzeka.

Ukwahlukanisa ngu LINGATSHA

Zonke iintlobo neegesi, kuxhomekeke iimpawu zokuziphatha kweenkqubo ucinezelo kunye yokutsha yahlulwe oxidizing, egalelwe, zivuthe.

1. Iioksidenti kunye negalelo nekudodobalisa emlilweni, kodwa ndingatshiseki: umoya, ioksijini, fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen monoxide kunye dioxide.
2. Egalelwe musa inxaxheba yokutsha, ke, bakholisa ukuba bathabath 'umoya nefuthe kwinkqubo ekunciphiseni ngobunzulu: helium, neon, xenon, initrogen, argon, icarbon dioxide.
3. ukukhanya ezinokutsha okanye uvele kudityaniswe ioksijini: methane, ammonia, hydrogen, iasithilini, propane, butane, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene. Inkoliso yabo luphawulwa ngokutshiswa kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile umxube werhasi. Ngenxa kule propati, igesi - uhlobo amafutha, ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Oku lisetyenziswa methane, propane, butane.

Icarbon dioxide kunye nendima yawo

Le yenye irhasi iqhelekileyo emoyeni (0.04%). Ngaphantsi lobushushu yesiqhelo kunye womoya onokuxinana 1,98 kg / m ^3. Kusenokuba isekwimo eqinileyo okanye engamanzi. Isigaba Solid kwenzeka kumazinga asezantsi ubushushu njalo umoya, ibizwa ngokuba "umkhenkce owomileyo". Isigaba engamanzi CO ₂ ke landisa kunokwenzeka xa. Le propati isetyenziselwa ekugcinweni, ekuthuthweni kunye nenkqubo yokwenza isicelo. Sublimation (i inguqu kwi imeko sukube zokuqinileyo, ngaphandle lusanda engamanzi esiphakathi) kunokwenzeka kwi -77 - -79˚S. Ukunyibilika emanzini om-1: 1 ayinakufunyanwa t = 14-16˚S.

Iintlobo carbon dioxide kuyahlukana nedlela imvelaphi:

1. Products zenkunkuma izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ukukhutshwa mlilo, obhobhozayo igesi ukusuka emhlabeni, nemizimba ngumphunga amanzi avela kumphezulu.
2. Iziphumo yemisebenzi yabantu, kuquka ukukhutshwa ukusuka kukutshiswa kwamafutha.

Njengoko into luncedo isetyenziswa:

1. Le sokucima carbon dioxide umlilo.
2. Iziqulathi ye arc welding i medium ofanelekileyo a _CO-2.
3. Kushishino ukutya njengoko ukubola kunye aerating amanzi.
4. Njengoko refrigerant sokwehlisa okwethutyana.
5. Kushishino chemical le.
6. Yokunyibilikisa isinyithi.

Ukuba i candelo ebalulekileyo kubomi emhlabeni, umntu oomatshini kunye nezityalo lonke besebenza, le carbon dioxide oluhlala kwiingcamba ezisezantsi neziphezulu izibophelelo yeegesi, kucothe ukukhululwa ubushushu kunye nokudala "greenhouse effect".

igesi yepetroliyamu nendima yawo

Phakathi izinto eziphuma zendalo kunye nenkqubo indawo uyazimela ezinjalo ukuba iqondo eliphezulu Ukungabinakutsha kunye nexabiso calorific. Kuba ekugcinweni, ekuthuthweni kunye nokusetyenziswa, ezi ndidi zilandelayo segesi yepetroliyam: methane, propane, butane, kunye nomxube propane-butane.

Butane _(C-4 H _10), kunye propane amacandelo zegesi petroleum. I yokuqala eyenziwe yangamanzi kwi -1 - -0,5˚S. Ukuphathwa kunye nesicelo ngeentsuku ezibandayo butane enyulu singàphunyezwa ngenxa yovalo yayo. lobushushu yokunyibilika propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ -41 - -42˚S, uxinzelelo ezibalulekileyo - 4,27 MPA.

IMethane (CH _4), - ingxenye eziphambili igesi yendalo. Iindidi umthombo igesi - iidipozithi ioli, iimveliso kweenkqubo biogenic. Yokunyibilika kwenzeka nge kwisigaba ucinezelo nokunciphisa ubushushu ukuya -160 - -161˚S. Kwinqanaba ngalinye zixinaniswe nge amaxesha 5-10.

Yokunyibilika ikhutshwa phandle phezu ngezityalo ezikhethekileyo. Ikhutshwe propane, butane, okanye umxube yayo indlu kunye nokusetyenziswa mveliso ngokwahlukeneyo. Methane esetyenziswa kwishishini kwaye ibe kukudla izithuthi. Le yokugqibela kwakhona kuveliswa ekwimo ukwazi.

gas zixinaniswe nendima yawo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthandwa wathenga zixinaniswe igesi yendalo. Xa propane kunye ibutane isetyenziswa kuphela yokunyibilika, methane ingaveliselwa ngendlela kwegesi kwaye zixinaniswe. ngegesi phantsi koxinzelelo ophezulu we-20 MPA zinezibonelelo eziliqela phezu kakuhle yaziwa liquified.

1. Izinga eliphezulu komphunga, kuquka kwiqondo lobushushu umoya aphantsi, akukho ukuqokelelana iziganeko ezimbi.
2. A kwinqanaba elingezantsi yetyhefu.
3. Zalisa omlilo, kahle eliphezulu, akukho nefuthe elibi izixhobo kunye emoyeni.

It liya kusetyenziselwa kuphela iilori kodwa iimoto abakhweli kwakunye izixhobo kwibhoyila.

Gas - yinto avulekile kodwa neemfanelo ubomi babantu. ixabiso calorific eliphezulu kwezinye apho Mathews ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi amacandelo ahlukeneyo yerhasi yendalo njenge sibaso mveliso nokuthuthwa.