Ubuchule N. A. Nekrasova - amaphepha eziqaqambileyo umdla uncwadi Russian yamandulo. Ukuqhubela kwaye kucebisa izimvo kunye neendlela ezichongwe yi Pushkin kunye Lermontov, Nekrasov wasondela kude phambili kuphuhliso siseko wedemokhrasi zengqondo lobuzwe neendlela ezibhengezwe ngemisebenzi ababengaphambi yakhe enkulu. Muse of UNikolai - "Muse ingqumbo kangaka, 'udade umlimi, ukubethwa ngezabhokhwe kwi Haymarket. ukuphila kwakhe, wabhala yabantu, nangenxa yabantu, "homespun" Russia - amahlwempu, yokuhleleleka kunye ezintle - esijongana nawo evela amaphepha ingqokelela Imibongo yakhe ephilayo.
History of indalo
Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "imbongi and Citizen", kwakunye nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi wobugcisa, kufuneka uqale ukufunda imbali indalo yayo, kunye imeko yentlalo-lezopolitiko ekuphuhliseni kweli lizwe ngelo xesha, yaye data umbhali buqu, ukuba benento yokwenza imveliso . Umhla ukubhala isicatshulwa - 1855 - Juni ngo1856. Zisandul'ukupapashwa ezikuqokelelo yombhali, yapapashwa efanayo 56-m. Phambi iincwadi Nekrasov ukuba Chernyshevsky proanonsiroval eprintiweyo magazini olandelayo "Contemporary" uhlalutyo encinane ngokutsha umbongo "I Imbongi and Citizen" kunye itekisi, kwakunye ezimbalwa kakhulu ecacileyo yaye Nekrasovsky hlostkih imisebenzi, kuquka uvuthondaba okrakra "Andilibale Village". Ukupapashwa yabangela livakale omkhulu ekuhlaleni kunye ukungoneliseki eyomeleleyo kunye nabasemagunyeni kunye nokugxekwa esemthethweni. In "Imbongi and Citizen" urhulumente yedwa umbonileyo (kuhle, ngasendleleni, ngokufanelekileyo) ukugxeka ezinzima kunye nezibheno mbuso, revolution. Umba lonke "Contemporary", kwakunye neekopi zale ncwadi ziye ndakhutshwa ukufikelela simahla yaye azivumelekanga ukuba iphinda. Kule yi lowu isondela isisongelo ukuvalwa. Kwaye phezu Nekrasov, lowo ngelo xesha ilizwe, ziphantsi kwesoyikiso ukubanjwa xa ebuyela kwakhe. Kwakutheni wasabela nogonyamelo kwanakubalawuli kunye imingcele? Qonda oku kuya kunceda sihlolisise lo mbongo "I Imbongi kunye Citizen".
Isiko loncwadi kunye nokuqhubekeka
Nini Nekrasov akuva amarhe malunga inkohlakalo urhulumente entsimini kwenkcubeko, izimvo zoluntu, uncwadi, waphendula ukuba ababhali Russian wabona "ukuhluza iindaba kunye nezitshi ezoyikekayo." A amaxabiso zedemokhrasi nokuphila yoluntu kunye ingqondo yomntu okudala uxanduva eluntwini, ilizwe, ixesha kunye netalente zakhe ithatha phezu Nekrasov ababhali naye - Pushkin (khumbula odumileyo "Incoko umthengisi kunye nembongi" lakhe), kunye Lermontov ( "Intatheli, umfundi kunye nombhali "). Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "imbongi and Citizen" yenza kube lula ukufumana indlela kuphuhliswa nzulu Alexey isithethe enkulu zemibongo.
"Ubugcisa Olunyulu" nolutya wentando
50-60-imi-. 19 - ixesha langoku kakhulu Russian. Nangona reaction, ingcinezelo amapolisa kunye ukuhlola yedwa kweli lizwe kukho ukunganeliseki ukhula kunye nemozulu yezopolitiko, isazela nokukhula kwezakhi wenkqubela yabemi. Serfdom ugcwele kwi seams, ingcamango yesizwe yenkululeko, umsindo kunye ukuziphindezela emoyeni. Ngeli xesha, mpikiswano olukhulu olwenzeka phakathi abameli nezazi yoyilo. "Imbongi and Citizen" - ivesi ye Nekrasov - ibonisa ngokucacileyo ubuntu babo. Abameli ebizwa ngokuba "vutshila olunyulu" (ebusweni babo mpikiswano kumsebenzi ukhokela mbongi) bakholelwa ukuba imibongo, iincwadi kwakunye umculo, ukupeyinta sithethe "obungunaphakade." Loo uqinisile ngaphezu iingxaki kwezentlalo nezopolitiko tona. Njengoko umzekelo isikhundla esinjalo sikhokelela Nekrasov quote kwimisebenzi Pushkin ngayo ( "I-Imbongi and Citizen", le vesi, "Thina abazalelwe waphefumlelwa / Kuba izandi esimnandi kunye nemithandazo ..."). A iqela azinikele yale mbono kunye uNojaji i indawo ubomi esebenzayo kwimizobo ivela kulo mbongo Citizen. Nguye ibonisa iimbono kunye nezimvo umbhali, utyekelo neminqweno lwentando yesininzi.
Umxholo kunye umbono lo mbongo
Nekrasov kwabelwane kwisihobe sakhe onombono ombambazelayo, olusondeleyo, kunye yoluntu. Ezi ndlela zimbini, zibonakala kakhulu ezahlukeneyo, ngokuvumelana ezidityanisiweyo umsebenzi wakhe zibe enye. "Imbongi and Citizen" (uhlalutyo mbongo ubonisa ezi zinto ingxelo) - imveliso software ngengqiqo yokuba wabikela iingqiqo ezibalulekileyo umbhali, wathetha ngezinto ezibalulekileyo. Nekrasov ngokucacileyo obala mfundiso yakhe yendalo nezentlalo-ezopolitiko: Akukho nokuba ungubani wena yi umsebenzi kunye neenkolelo. Kubalulekile ukuba unguye unyana ka kwilizwe labo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ngummi, ngubani ekufuneka kunilwela, kuba ubomi obungcono, ukuchuma, zezoqoqosho ngokomoya. Ngelishwa, ndivumelana naye kakhulu ezimbalwa. Ngenxa ummi kabuhlungu udanduluka: "ngaphandle okulungileyo kokukhetha intliziyo / Yeyiphi lokhokho ungcwele." I 'iyure intlungu nosizi, ", ukunyaniseka, abantu abanetalente abafundileyo awanalo ilungelo lokuba ukuhlala sibukela, ekhwaza esithi:" ubuhle bendalo "yaye" njengokuphulula kamnandi. " Amagcisa, ingakumbi ababhali, afakwa isipho esikhethekileyo - okuphembelela iingqondo neentliziyo zabantu, ebakhokela - ukuxhaphaza. umsebenzi wakhe, ukunika kuye inkonzo lokhokho kunye nabantu - ukuba ubona ubuntu injongo creative Nekrasov. "Imbongi and Citizen", uhlalutyo apho ubambe - isibheno umbongo-Umbhalo-umbongo ngokukhululekileyo simema zonke ababhali amanye uthabathe icala abantu, "Musa ukuba ngummi endilisekileyo / K kwilizwe umphefumlo abandayo / ekungafunekiyo ungcikivo ekrakra ..." .
Yenziwe ngoobani kunye nemveliso yazo awohluke zobugcisa
Ngenxa yoko, umxholo walo mbongo - imbongi kunye nemibongo, indima yabo intshukumo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko lizwe. Umxholo ongundoqo kunye ingcinga ephambili kuchazwe kule migca: "Yiba ngummi ... / Ukuze baphile ummelwane olungileyo ...". Silubonakalise ecace ngokungaphaya kunye ecacileyo, licace sidlulisela abafundi Nekrasov sikhetha ifom eyintsusa lyric isebenza - yababini umdlalo mpikiswano eceleni. Heroes umfanekiso enye monologues ecenga Citizen, ezele izibheno buciko kunye izikhuzo, iyenza intetho ngokweemvakalelo kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, ke ngoko uqhuba yayo dialogue lwangaphakathi. Inani elikhulu kwezenzi kunyanzelekile, Lexicon kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, kwabe imvakalozwi unika umfundi sengqondo kakhulu esebenzayo ngempumelelo, esijoliswe kunye Nekrasov. "Imbongi and Citizen" - umbongo, waza waphumelela ngokupheleleyo ezingqina ukuba inkosi mazwi, ingxaki yabo - hayi i "belles lettres" kwaye besiva izithandane zakhe Andiyoliswa kukulavuza, nikhonze abantu. Ukufaneleka yomsebenzi wakhe akujongwa zaphela imihla yethu.