Ugrumbo - ntoni na? Esalelweyo, Archaeology ezitokisini. News of Archaeology

Ugrumbo - Imbali eyagcina lifunda elidlulileyo yembali indoda yafunyanwa ubungqina eziphathekayo. Ezi ziquka imisebenzi yobugcisa, ngeempahla imveliso kunye nobutyebi boluntu. Ngokungafaniyo ngokubhala, le mithombo musa ukuthetha ngqo malunga kwenzeka isiganeko. neziphetho ezisekelwe kubungqina malunga namalungelo emisebenzi iziphumo ngokutsha zenzululwazi. Esinokubangela ukuba uthi zakudala ukufunda iziphumo zomsebenzi uluntu kwixesha elidlulileyo.

ezikhumbuzo zembali

Ngenxa yophando zakudala, ibali kakhulu kwandiswa kolundi zexeshana kunye lwendawo nolwazi. Ukubhala, njengoko ingxelo yi iindaba Archaeology, ndazalwa malunga 5 namawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Dlule yonke imbali yoluntu, yaye akunto ngaphantsi kwezigidi ezi-2. Iminyaka, wayengaziwa kuphela ukususela ekuqaleni kuphuhliso zakudala. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana kunye neerekhodi kuqala ebhaliweyo ukuba amawaka-2. Iminyaka lobukho babo. Le ngoonobumba eBhabhiloni, yaye umgca oonobumba yamaGrike, kunye eyayimela umYiputa. Imbali zakudala kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uncwadi amaphakade, aphakathi kunye nembali yamandulo. Ulwazi sifundo ifunyenwe evela kwimithombo eziphathekayo, ngokugqibeleleyo fezekisa mazingqinisise ngencwadi ebhaliweyo.

Kutheni bonke efihliweyo kangaka kakhulu?

Iintsalela zezinto ezenziwa luluntu ekuthiwa zesikhumbuzo zakudala. Bona ingqalelo ubutyebi, imijelo, imigodi bamandulo, iindawo zokuhlala, iindonga zokungqinga yokungcwaba, imihlaba yokungcwaba kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Njengomgaqo, bonke bephela komhlaba. Imbali zakudala sele kubonakele ukuba zonke zokungqinga, iindonga alekwe emhlabeni, njengoko, umzekelo, zagutyungelwa ash ukusuka mlilo mlilo sePompeii neseHerculaneum. Amaninzi, ukungcwatywa sangcwatywa phantsi komhlaba ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa abantu. Kwezinye izixeko lwamanxweme, unako ukufumana imfumba amaqokobhe. Bona amabhodlo eziseleyo zokuhlala yamandulo phantsi kweqokobhe ngayo izilwanyana, apho wakhonza kukutya kwakhe nabemi bamandulo.

ndlu mandulo

Kwiindawo apho udongwe yaba zokwakha yokuqala, yaye ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba ihlangabezane nokunyuka iinduli zokuhlala. Baya iphuma Unxunguphalo dilapidation nodongwe izakhiwo. Phezu kweziseko zezindlu wakha entsha, phezu kwaloo, njalo-njalo zeminyaka emininzi.

Iintsalela bafumanisa kwezakhiwo bamandulo sisoloko ingontsi emhlabeni nje iimitha ezimbalwa. Abembi bezinto zakudala ukunika ingcaciso ilandelayo: encotsheni bhulorho endala ukuba abeke, iifolo omtsha oyokozela, zakhiwe iitempile ngaphakathi kubo iziseko ubudala. Senziwe ngenxa yabantu layers yomsebenzi ekuthiwa umaleko yenkcubeko. Archaeology ucacisa ukuba isifundo eso umaleko yenkcubeko injongo yayo engundoqo, eyile tracking layers ukusekwa ulandelelwano stratigraphy kunye nembali iziza zakudala.

Historical ifumana ukuthandana

Kunikezo lamanqanaba yenkcubeko iyaxela Ungakwazi ukucacisa maxesha ezi zinto. Kwiingcamba asezantsi kufuneka yakudala, kwi eliphezulu - ifumana ukusetyenziswa elifutsha- ne. Injongo zakudala kwakhona ukusekwa ukuthandana. Ukuba amisele umhla ngqo kwephakade eli ngqo ezifumanekayo izinto ngeminyaka, kwiinkulungwane kunye zeminyaka.

Maxa wambi kuba bhetele ukumisela mihla ngqo. Ngenxa stratigraphy, ezifana ebalini sePompeii, ukusuka kwimithombo ezibhaliweyo, oko kwazeka ukuba dolophu yadilizwa emhlabeni emva kukujaduka mlilo ntshava kaHomer. Kwathi ngo-Agasti ka-79 AD. e. Ngokutsho imithombo ezibhaliweyo ncam amisele umhla ngqo yimililo, ukutshatyalaliswa ithumba yotshaba kunye nezinye iingozi. Kodwa ke ngabanye zibonisa ukuba migaqo abathandanayo ayisoloko zihamba kuyinyaniso.

Ukubekwa iinkozo thuba

Amaxesha amaninzi, umhla kwimbali lokusekwa lesikhumbuzo ixhomekeke iingqekembe umaleko yenkcubeko. Mint eziinkozo yaqala kuphela kwiinkulungwane 8-7. BC. e. kwisiqithi yesiGrike Aegina e kwaLidiya. Ngoko ke, zakudala, inzululwazi yendalo ubuchule ukuthandana ingundoqo, uyazi wazibonela.

Okokuqala, esebenzisa Radiocarbon, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, indlela Radiocarbon. Le amalahle, iinkuni, okanye naziphi na ezinye iintsalela eziphilayo, apho umboniso abembi ngexesha kwakusembiwa, i carbon. It Laziwa nesiqingatha-ubomi, t. Isiqulatho E. Carbon uyakwazi ukubona ixesha layo ukufikelela umaleko emhlabeni, ukuya kwiminyaka-250. Le ndlela kulungile ukucacisa ixesha umhla edlulileyo zeminyaka.

indlela Kolchin

Ukuze uncede abembi kutshanje weza indlela entsha yokufumanisa umhla ngqo kwexesha yamandulo. indlela Dendrohronoligichesky yafunyanwa ngama Abembi zaseMelika kwaye isetyenziswe kuqala yi-nzulu yiSoviet - zakudala B. A. Kolchinym ngexesha Ukumba Novgorod. Archaeology uye wabonisa ukuba ukubala onjalo yenye yeendlela ezininzi echanekileyo ukugqiba umhla.

America waphawula ukuba ububanzi emakhonkcweni Bagawula umthi ngokufanayo kuyo yonke imithi ezikhula ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba khonkcweni linye ixesha elizeleyo ukwenza kulo nyaka. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umhla ngqo ixesha elithandekayo abembi ukufumana ixesha elaneleyo agawule umthi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukufumanisa ubukhulu kunye nenani log ezingontsini amakhonkco Kwabekwa isiseko kwebandla, umhla ukwakha izibonelelo ezinjalo ziya kuba ngokuqinisekileyo kwaziwa kwimithombo yembali. Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba ingxelo yi iindaba Archaeology, ungafumana isikali amakhonkco ukukhula, nto leyo ngokulula ukubala naluphi na usuku.

Archaeology enga

Kunye kwimingxuma anemvume nezisitheleyo - la iziphumo oko akuthethi kuthi ngokuvakalayo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezafunyanwa engachazwanga mfihlakalo.

owawukade

Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa wayephila kwiminyaka million 230 eyadlulayo ehamba iingwenya tye. Zesayensi igama yazo yesiLatini bubonakala "i unosilarha ka Carolina." Loo igama nengwenya enkwantyisayo ngenxa ubude imitha ezintathu-, amazinyo zalo ezinkulu kunye nemihlathi. Waba aphule nawuphi na amathambo. Iteknoloji entsha kunye yabavavanyi-ntathu ziye zanceda izazinzulu lokuphinda isilwanyana niqonde ukuba lesi silo esibi kunazo ezidla kangangamawaka eminyaka. Namhlanje erectus skeleton ingwenya ubambe American Museum of Archaeology.

ubutyebi Lost

Ngaphezu konyaka omnye, oosonzululwazi ulwa ikhadi inkomba Lou ubuncwane kaHomer. Imephu ngokufihlisa umqondiso Masonic, ngubani na ke onako States ikhowudi, uya kufumana iitoni 14 ngegolide ecocekileyo. Ngokutsho legend, igolide yawa eUnited States amaNazi ngexesha Second World War.

Ngowe-1940, xa Bay of Baku wayeka umkhosi waseJapan wamajoni. siqithi ngokwayo Baku Bay idume ubuncwane bayo ebilahlekile. Jikelele Army Bagqiba kwelokuba bafihle kule siqithi owoyisa nezacholo, ngenxa yokuba Japan kwafuneka ukuba anikezele, uthabathe ekhaya, ebuncwaneni kwakuyingozi. Jikelele wangcwatywa igolide nezacholo kwiindawo 172 ka Philippine Islands. Wayefuna ukubuyela mva kwaye achole izacholo, kodwa ayizange yenzeke. Namhlanje, ixabiso ubuncwane obufihliweyo ngaphezu kwezigidi zeerandi. Inxalenye ebuncwaneni efumaneka imi--70.

Edreyi abantu

Isayensi sokuthandabuza ubukho okukhulu abantu, kodwa zakudala enga ebonisa okwahlukileyo. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, siye safumanisa ukuba imizila twisiseka abantu ezinkulu. Ngokungaqhelekanga yobukhulu enkulu amathambo, Skulls efumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Namhlanje, akukho mntu uya kuba ukukhula kumangaliswa yabantu ngaphezu kweemitha ezimbini, kodwa imifanekiso kwinkulungwane XIX wabonisa ukuba nangona eli xesha kwakukho abantu eziphezulu kakhulu kangangeemitha ezi-2.

Ngowe-1911, imigodi Umgquba yamiswa Nevada. Izazinzulu baye bafumana amathambo abantu ubukhulu. Institute of Archaeology, wafumana amathambo bahlanganisana ndawonye. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo amathambo ngenxa babephuma umntu ukuphakama neemitha ezi-3 65 cm abembi kwakhona wothusa izidlele zayo. Oku izihlandlo ezithathu ubungakanani yomhlathi aqhelekileyo womntu mihla.

A kuyabuya Archaeology Lev ifumene eOstreliya. Ngexesha imveliso leyaspisi izinyo abantu abafunyanwa, ebude 67 mm ububanzi 42 mm! Izazinzulu ziye udale isampulu amathambo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukukhula izinyo umniniyo wayengekho ngaphantsi kweemitha ezi-6.

In India, kwafunyanwa into emangalisayo. Emkhosini wafumana kakuhle walondoloza amathambo abantu ezinkulu. Amathambo batshintshelwa Institute of Archaeology, yaye izazinzulu ukuba umlinganiselo kakuhle ukukhula kwabo. Wafika neemitha ezingama-12! Indawo uhlala Ubhaqo nangoko ivaliwe phantsi, njengokuba kubhaliwe nangoku esalelweyo zakudala.

Ubungqina bokuba abantu-Anaki

ngabembi Australian ngokuqiniseka kwaba ubukho abantu ezinkulu. Izixhobo ilitye wafumana la mangqina cwaka ubomi babo emhlabeni. nezitshetshe ubunzima, amazembe, yeeFom, zokutshweza, moya zazisuka kg-5 ukuya kweli-10. izinto ezifanayo ziye zafunyanwa kufutshane Okavango River. American Museum abembi yabamba izembe yobhedu ubude ogama mkhulu imitha 1, kodwa iba likhaba -. 50 cm Ubunzima elipheleleyo mboniso yi 150 kg! Nokuba umdlali mihla iya kuba nako ukumelana izixhobo ezinjalo.

Akukho zakudala kangako aziqondakali izakhiwo megalithic ukuba lungafumaneka wonke amazwekazi ehlabathini. Bonke cwaka zithetha kubukho Anaki.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka Lebanese Baalbek. Oku isixeko yokwenene nelamaRafa, ayikho enye indlela yokuthetha. Ubuncinane, zakudala, oko kukuthi ukuba iindleko zokwakha eLebhanon, ngeke akwazi ukuchaza ngokwenzululwazi. isakhiwo Okumangalisayo ne zifakwa ngokugqibeleleyo omnye Iizilebhu ngamatye. Ubunzima ngamnye kubo ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-800!

Imbali ushiye oluninzi iimfihlelo kunye facts phaku ngayo uluntu, kwaye kufutshane iimpendulo kuya kusinceda zembiwa uphando zakudala.