Indlela ukwahlula ityala wesenzo le genitive; konke malunga iingxaki zamatyala kulwimi Russian

igrama Russian aku- enkulu yaye kwangaxeshanye kuba nzima kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuba zombini kufuneka baqonde isihloko ingxaki kuwe, ekugqibeleni zonke ziya kweyela ndawo.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ukwahlula njani ityala wesenzo le genitive, kunye nobunzima nkqu ezimbalwa declension of izibizo nezimelabizo. Siza ukuqala nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kunye nemithetho.

Ixabiso lamatyala kulwimi Russian

Kunxibelelwano lwe magama kwizivakalisi zonke iindawo ezahlukeneyo zentetho athathe ifomu eziyimfuneko: zenzi iguqulwe amaxesha ngamaxesha, amanani, abantu kunye akananto, kunye izibizo, amanani, izichazi, izimelabizo participles - ngenani kunye icala. Ngoko ke umsebenzi wabo indima syntactic kwi izindululo, kodwa kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukubenza ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngolwimi Russian kukho iimeko ezi-6 kuphela, ngamnye kubo imiba yabo inkxaso kunye nesiphelo. Noko ke, xa ukhetha yokugqibela esokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele indlela declination lwezibizo. Plus zonke ezinxulumene amazwi ale nxalenye yokuthetha, iziphawuli, participles kunye namanani nabo baxhomekeke kuyo. Ngoko ke, ukuze bafunde ukuba utshintshe kumatyala zonke ezi iiyunithi morphological, kufuneka kuqala ukufunda eli didi ngokweenkcukacha.

declension

Ngu inkalo rhoqo izibizo njengoko izigaba zentetho zezi gender (uyindoda, nemazi, phakathi), declination (1, 2, 3, kwaye heteroclite indeclinable). Kwakhona, omnye zabo babefanele bahlule phakathi ziyaphila kunye nezibizo eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, izibizo okuqhelekileyo efanelekileyo. Kwaye ukusuka kudidi lwesibini kuxhomekeke utshintsho kumatyala, kodwa kunoko ukongeza ukuphela kuyimfuneko.

Kufuneka wazi ukuba izibizo declension yokuqala yayiquka oyindoda noyinkazana iphela 's "kunye" th ", umzekelo, umnyama, impungutye, umntu. Kule yesibini - bendoda kunye a zero isiphelo (in-mthetho, misebenzi, iyogurt), kwaye onke amazwi neuter (window, intaba Lodge), kwaye eyesithathu - kuphela amagama esobukhomokazi eziphela 's "(nonina, ebusuku, lynx ). Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho kwi amatyala izibizo ukuhla ibaluleke kuphela isinye njengokuba isininzi onke amazwi alo yinxalenye intetho kuba isiphelo elifanayo ( "s / s, s / th"), umzekelo, iimpungutye, iyogurt, unina, elunxwemeni, ankile.

Indima amatyala

Ngasinye kwezi zithandathu ngolwimi Russian inentsingiselo yayo kwaye nenjongo isicelo kwisicatshulwa. Ngoko ke, sebenzisa ukuba benze amazwi abo indima syntactic, ukwakha ubuhlobo nabo namabinzana.

Kwakhona kumatyala uyakwazi imisele ukuba yeyiphi inxalenye yesigwebo ubalisa oku isibizo: ukuba kwi nominative - oko kuxhomekeke, ukuba Izithetha ntonye kwaye ephendula umbuzo "? Uphi", Xa genitive ( "? Apho") Okanye kwi wesenzo ( " apho ") -? kule imeko, kwezinye iimeko - kwisi.

Ke ukuba izichazi kunye participles, bona, nokuba kunjalo, kukufumanisa njani yaye ordinal numbers. Kodwa belinani - basoloko iimeko kunye nexabiso umlinganiselo kunye nobungakanani uze uphendule lo mbuzo, "wobeka phi na?".

Ayikwazi kutshintshwa amatyala

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka izibizo indeclinable kunye heteroclite. Ukuze lokuqala la mazwi, ubukhulu becala abolekwe iilwimi zasemzini. Umzekelo, ekhasino, a popsicle, nezigqubuthelo, iimbiza, ikofu kunye nabanye. Imilo wabo ayitshintshanga, oko kukuthi, abanako ukunqaba kwityala kuba isiphelo yabo iya kuhlala injalo. Ngokunxulumene nale ngxaki, ukwahlula njani ityala wesenzo ye nesiphelo genitive okanye khetha ekubhaleni, olu didi awusebenzi la mazwi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwisicatshulwa.

I. n:. Indebe ntoni? - coffee esimnandi

R. p:. Kungekho ntoni? - coffee esimnandi

D. etc:. Kongeza koko? - ukuya yekofu emnandi

V. n:. Ofuna nto? - coffee esimnandi

T. n:. Unuka ntoni? - coffee esimnandi

P. n:. Ukucinga nto? - ikomityi esimnandi yekofu

Tshintsha kumatyala ngaphandle imithetho declination

Kodwa ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuba heteroclite, kukho kuphela 11 (10 endleleni + "-mya": imbewu, emibeleni, isihlabo, isithsaba, lo nestibili, isizwe, ixesha, igama, nemibane, ibhena). Xa utshintsha kumatyala bathatha ekupheleni declensions ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, kuphela esibizo wesenzo okanye nominative lothotho mazwi "-mya" ayifuni kongezwe isimamva "ene" kwi declension kwi isinye. Kwezinye iimeko idingeka.

Noko ke, le nto umbuzo ukwahlula njani ityala wesenzo le genitive kungafuni izibizo heteroclite, ukususela imilo kubo. n., kwaye efanayo. n. In isimamva isininzi genitive kongezelelwa kubo "-on" ( "amagama ezizwe ') kunye' YANG" ( "stirrups iimbewu"). Nje uyikhumbule abangaboniyo: lo moya efotweni eqhotyoshelweyo "itheyibhile amatyala heteroclite izibizo '.

The main nzima

Ukuze ufunde indlela ukujongana nengxaki ukwahlula njani ityala wesenzo le genitive, kuyimfuneko ukuba afunde ukubuza imibuzo amagama ukujonga iimpawu morphological lwezibizo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuba uthathe ithuba zobuqili esezantsi ngokususa amagama anzima kwabo nezahlukileyo ngokucacileyo iifom ilizwi ezimbini, okt. E. Nawuphi umzekelo declension 1.

Ngoko ke, xa ubona isibizo okubhaliweyo ziyaphila sikwisininzi, endaweni kufuneka asebenzise ezingaphiliyo ngokwasengqondweni, ngendlela efanayo. Umzekelo, "Ndibona umntu - abantu" ( "Ndiyabona ukuba - iincwadi" - kuba akukho sifundo, akakho, n, uze ukhethe kwi kumhlathi ....) "Akukho namnye - abantu '( "kukho into - iincwadi" - p n) ...

Ukuba ingxaki i lesibizo ziyaphila yi declination obudoda we2, ibambela endaweni "umama" uze ubuze imibuzo wesenzo kwaye genitive kunye namazwi abancedisayo. Ngokomzekelo, ndibona umntu? - esile (bona umntu - umama - .. Xa p), akukho mntu? - esile (akukho namnye - mama - p n ..). A iqhinga efanayo ukuze zisetyenziswe ukwahlula wesenzo kwaye genitive izimelabizo icala (personal ndibuyele), kunye nokwehla ukulawula kufuneka akhokelwe yi kwisibizo ezihambisana.