Wave iimpawu ukukhanya

Ukuba ubuza umntu avareji oko akwaziyo iimpawu ukukhanya, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, wonke umntu ngoko nangoko ukubiza "vangama". Eneneni, kukho mhlawumbi umntwana owayeza athande ukudlala ilanga kunye njengesipili encinane iphosa imitha - ebizwa ngokuba yi- sunbeams. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abaninzi nangoku khumbula, oko mkhulu ukudlala izithunzi - naye wabona enye iimpawu ukukhanya. Kodwa abanye baya kuba ukutyhileka yokuba ngamaza, sivumele transmission kunomathotholo nakumabonakude yokudlala nilukhanyiselo efanayo. Akukho imimangaliso - lula yonke wamchazela. Isizathu soku ukudideka iimpawu otshangatshangiswayo ukukhanya.

Nayiphi na into kabani athom zibe kwimeko yimincili, ukwenza uhlobo radiation electromagnetic. Le ndlela ilula: naziphi amasuntswana bakholisa ukuba ekuzinzeni energy, ke ngoko, kukhutshwe amandla kwemfuneko. It ingaba nemfudumalo, ukukhanya ebonakalayo, okanye naziphi na ezinye iintlobo kwemitha. Yintoni ukukhanya? Xa siqwalasela yonke spectrum, yemisebe iliso ibonakale lubaluleke ezitsho kumqolo 790-390 THz. Le peculiarity yalo imitha kukuba iye zombini iimpawu otshangatshangiswayo wokukhanya iimpawu amasuntswana (corpuscular). Ngoobani unomdla ezintsha zobugcisa, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo, mna ibinzana elithi "photon injini". Ukususela nemilomo ayo incothulwe amasuntswana ukukhanya - photon, ngokubonelela ukwenzeka ukubetha. Njani, ke, ukuba ukuqonda "iipropati yomtshangatshangiso ukukhanya," xa sithetha amasuntswana? Into yokuba kubekho isibane okubonakalaliswayo ezimbini: oko kumelwa ngokohlobo radiation, kwakunye njengomlambo amasuntswana. Uthotho experimenti lubonisa ukuba zombini izimvo ziyinyaniso.

Xa kuqwalaselwa iimpawu yomtshangatshangiso wokukhanya, okhankanywe ngenyameko kokuphazanyiswa. Oku kusekelwe utshintsho kwiindawo luminance (ngamandla) umphezulu ekwezi imiqadi ukukhanya eziliqela. Ukuba kukho uphazamiso uvumelekile Jung ukuba baqhube odumileyo noqhoqhoqho-ezimbini zovavanyo yakhe.

Lo mhlaba ulandelayo - le diffraction. Ngenxa yesi simo, kukho iingcaciso eziliqela, kodwa ukuba umntu babengaqhelananga ngokukhanya ingabangela le nkcazelo ilandelayo: Diffraction yeyona miqobo wave udluliselwe. Oko kukuthi, ngethiyori, wobhobhozayo imitha evela kumthombo kuyo akanakuze "buhlungu" kummandla isithunzi into akhiwa zithwala ezimbini, kodwa practice le nkkolelo kantu. "Unetyala" lo diffraction. Maxa wambi ithathwa njengenye kwezi mpawu sokuphamazisa, nto leyo impazamo.

Yaziwa ngokubanzi eyaziwa mba we refraction. Kunokuthi kubonwe ekhaya; kwanele ukuba kugalela amanzi iglasi nokubeka asiphe. Ukuba ngoku sijonga amacephe, ngoko kudibana air-amanzi ubugqwetha lubonakale kukwaphulwa ukuchana yemigca. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba refraction kwi umda phakathi eendaba ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni ngemini yasebusika sunny amandla ukukhanya kakhulu kangangokuba kufuneka banxibe nkulu iiwindow yabangazijongisisi nzulu? Isizathu soku ngumfanekiso imitha ukusuka kwindawo emhlophe kwasekwa njengekhephu yi. Inxalenye lencinibakazi litshintsha lwayo of Motion umva ngenxa yokusebenzisana komhlaba.

Ukuze ukufunda ukuziphatha amasuntswana kwiinkqubo umyinge kusetyenziswa nothango optical. Ukuba ngaphezu kwesinye laser umqadi ukwalathisa ukufana kwicala elinye, yaye bali - ezinye imiqadi, izithuba iya kuvela lamandla. atom Ambient cala bebekelwa ubuncinane yayo, iSayensi neThekhinoloji ukufana yikristale ngekroba. Iphumelele umtha rhoqo, i-engile ephakathi kwabo okanye amandla yemisebe, kunokwenzeka ukulawula ukuziphatha ezi athom.