Teutoburg Forest: imfazwe kunye ekubulaleni imikhosi amaRoma lwesiJamani

Ukususela ekuqaleni uluntu abantu basoloko balwa bodwa igunya nobutyebi; ngokuba umhlaba kunye namatshamba umntu yezobupolitika. Ke phakathi inani elikhulu amadabi ezincinane ezinkulu abo nje baba negalelo kwimbali yabantu ngabanye, kodwa zatshintsha kanye kumda wesangqa ye kuphuhliso impucuko.

Ezi ziquka ngokoyiswa kwamabutho aseRoma kwi Teutoburg Forest (9 AD. E.). Eli dabi liye immortalized igama inkokeli wesizwe Cherusci - Arminia Bielefeld, nto leyo sele iminyaka engaphezu kwama namawaka amathathu kugqalwa hero yesizwe sabantu German.

impi yangasemva

Ukuqala AD I ngenkulungwane - ke zebhola ye wamaRoma, apho kuthinjwa ngempumelelo intsimi entsha, subjugating nezizwe ezininzi kunye nobuzwe. Kwaye akukho nje amandla wamajoni legionaries, kodwa lo mbutho emasimini ezihlonyelwe ngqongqo amandla karhulumente kunye uyilandela.

Kuloyiso ingqongqo saa kwaye usilwa nezizwe amaJamani ebengekho ngenxa umngeni waseRoma.

Ebudeni bolawulo kuKesare Awugusto ngamandla bukhosi kwalutyhutyha loo mmandla iRhine ukuya iElbe. yasekwa khona kwiphondo, ekuthiwa eJamani, iRoma wamisela inkundla irhuluneli zabanjwa kwaye ilawulwa imicimbi, kwaye 5-6 imikhosi yayanele ukugcina umyalelo.

isimo

irhuluneli yaseRoma, a Setsiyu Saturinu elumkileyo ejongelwe kwixesha elide elizayo, azilawulwa kuphela ukuba ndizinyathele uninzi izizwe zamaJamani, kodwa ndozikhelela kwicala kombuso ka zeenkokheli zabo, ngubani bamthomalalisa ingqalelo ngamandla.

Noko ke, isithuba irhuluneli Saturina waphumelela kaPubliyo Quinctilius Varus, owafika kwiphondo German ka-Aram, eyasetyenziswa kubomi ubumnandi, servility nonqulo. Ukuqwalasela izizwe zasekuhlaleni ongenabubi, yena saa imikhosi yazo owayamileyo kweli lizwe yaye wayeyixhalabele nangakumbi malunga ingqokelela lerhafu. Yayiyinkqubo yakhe emfutshane-obona kakuhle kukhokelele kwinto yokuba Teutoburg Forest waye esengcwabeni abakhethiweyo amajoni amaRoma amawaka.

Iziphumo nanonophelo koMlawuli irhuluneli yaseRoma

Var, hayi ukunikela ingqalelo ukunganeliseki abahlali balapha, wabeka irhafu emba nemithetho baseRoma ezininzi ezichasene nomthetho wesiNtu ka amaJamani, ogama imithetho babegqalwa engcwele.

Ukungafuni ukulandela umthetho angaphandle ngenkohlakalo livunyelwe. Violators bagwetyelwa ukufa zimphathe akhulule amaJamani iintonga isohlwayo.

Kuba xesha kuya kubakho noqhankqalazo abaqhelekileyo baba buqapheleke, ingakumbi njengoko iinkokheli zesizwe, wakhohlisa akanaso waseRoma, baba sinyanisekile irhuluneli kumisa, kunye namandla. Kodwa kungekudala ngumonde yafikelela esiphelweni.

Ekuqaleni nabasengozini kanye nokuguqulwa zoqhankqalazo ekhokelwa yinkokeli nenxa wesizwe Cherusci Arminius. Yaba ubuntu hlukile kakhulu. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, yena akayi kuphela wakhonza umkhosi wamaRoma, kodwa wafumana iwonga umkhweli kunye ngummi, njengokuba isibindi eziBekekileyo kunye zobuntlola. Quinctilius Vary kangangokuba abazithembileyo ngokuzinikela kwakhe, ukuba akazange afune ukuba bakholwe amazwi ezininzi zidale ezayo. Ngaphezu koko, yena wayethanda ukuba anelise kunye Arminius, lowo ke lokuxoxa obalaseleyo.

Last hambo Vara

Ngokwenzekileyo-9, xa imikhosi ka Varus wazibandakanya Teutoburg Forest, hi nga dyondza yini eka "Roman Imbali" Dio. Njengoko ababhali-mbali bathi, le ndawo ebekwe kwenye indawo kwi efikelela kuyo umlambo EMS, ngelo xesha eyaziwa ngokuba amizil.

Le ekwindla var ayishiyile ikampu lempepho ezimnandi kunye imikhosi abathathu baya phesheya Rhein. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, irhuluneli wayeza ukubeka phantsi imvukelo kwisizwe ekude zesiJamani. Kwelinye icala, njengoko Quinctilius njengesiqhelo Vary nje ukurhoxiswa amabutho zazo zokuhlala ndidlulise nobusika, ukuze kweli phulo yena kunye kulandelana enkulu.

AmaRoma bathatha ibambezele ixesha intshukumo yayo nje iinqwelo lolayisho, kodwa kwakhona umehluko ekwindla kunetha endleleni. Kangangexesha, sikhatshwe njengebutho yomkhosi Arminius, okuthiwa ekujongwe ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezithandani yemvukelo.

Teutoburg Forest: ngokoyiswa amabutho amaRoma lwesiJamani

Imvula kunye nemisinga, ugalele zemvula, ngenkani amajoni ukuba ukuhambisa iiyunithi abadibenanga. Oku wathabatha ithuba Arminius.

amajoni akhe eshiywe ngamaRoma, yaye hayi kude ukusuka Weser wahlasela yabulala amaqela saa ezimbalwa legionaries. Ngelo xesha, iiyunithi intloko esele wangena Teutoburg Forest, wajamelana umqobo esingalindelekanga imithi bewile. Ngokukhawuleza nje wayeka kubo iintshinyela ezishinyeneyo iphoswe umkhonto, uze emva koko ikhawuleze amajoni German.

Yokuhlasela engalindelekanga, kwaye amaRoma baseRoma nezingasetyenziselwa ukwenza kulwa ehlathini, ngoko amajoni alwa kuphela, kodwa ngokwemiyalelo wara, ababefuna ukufumana phandle evulekileyo, baqhubeka ukuhamba.

Kwiintsuku ezimbini ezilandelayo, amaRoma, lowo yakwazi ukuhamba Teutoburg Forest, ebonisa kokuhlaselwa engapheliyo lutshaba, kodwa nokuba ngenxa yokungakwazi Vara ukuba athabathe inyathelo eliqinileyo, nokuba ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela Injongo kwaye counterattacked. Yena wadlala indima kunye nemozulu. Ngenxa yemvula nokusingelwa amakhaka tixi yaye baseRoma kakhulu akuwenzi, nezaphetha zange ezifanelekileyo ukutola.

Hlula ku Derskom Gorge

Kodwa ubunzima obukhulu kodwa ukuza. End ku elide zibetha imikhosi yaseRoma wabeka lokulwa sene amahlathi ashinyeneyo Derskom gorge. amajoni ezininzi German, ephalazwe nasemaxandekeni, ufekethe wabatshabalalisa yokugoqoza e legionaries ngokuphakuzela, yaye idabi wajika kubulawa.

Roma ukuzama ukwaphula ngaphandle gorge emva kwintlambo aluphumelelanga - ndlela kuthintelwa nempahla yabo. Shiya lo grinder kuphela isithunywa amahashe imigodi Numoniya. Eqonda ukuba kulahleke edabini, wabangxwelerhiweyo Quinctilius var wazibulala ngokuthi aziphose phezu kwekrele lakhe. Umzekelo wakhe kwalandelwa ngamagosa eziliqela.

Kuphela nje embalwa legionaries wakwazi ukubaleka kumgibe eloyikekayo waseJamani ndiye iRhine. Inxalenye ephambili yomkhosi satshatyalaliswa, bebonke isiphelo sinye ezehlela abafazi kunye nabantwana abo babehamba kunye nempahla.

Iziphumo kwempi

Imiphumo kulo mlo ayikwazi nemikhuba. Ekubulaleni kwamabutho aseRoma kwi Teutoburg Forest Ndiyazoyika Awugusto othi, wada wagxothwa ephakathini-baseJamani yaye wayalela ukuba amgxothe ukusuka ikomkhulu Gauls, besoyika ukuba balandele umzekelo abamelwane babo wasentla.

Kodwa hayi loo nto iphambili na. I-Battle of the Teutoburg Forest aphelise yoyiswe le zesiJamani uBukhosi baseRoma. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva Germanicus ngunozakuzaku wenza iphulo amathathu kulo lonke eli iRhine ukwenzela ukucinezela izizwe eneenkani. Kodwa ke, kunoko, isenzo ukuziphindezela, kunokuba ukugwetyelwa ngokwezopolitiko inyathelo.

Amabutho akazange bambiza zifumaneka iinqaba esisigxina kumhlaba waseJamani. Ngenxa yoko, dabi Teutoburg Forest uluvalile ukusasazeka ndlongo waseRoma emantla kunye emntla-mpuma.

Xa kukhunjulwa kulo mlo, wajika indlela yembali, kwisixeko Detmold ngo-1875, yaye zakhiwe oqingqiweyo Arminius kwi iimitha 53 ukuphakama.

Le film "Herman Cherusci - Battle of the Teutoburg Forest"

Ngembali edabini ezibhaliweyo iincwadi ezininzi, phakathi kwabo kukho art, umzekelo, "Legionnaire" Luis Rivera. Yaye ngowe-1967, lo mboniso wadutyulwa phezu koko kuchazwe. Oku ngandlel 'ithile umfanekiso lokomfuziselo, kuba co-eziveliswa eJamani (ngoko West Jamani) kunye Italy. Ukubaluleka intsebenziswano iya kucaca xa ucinga ukuba Italy kukuthi, enyanisweni, - i ezihlangwini uBukhosi baseRoma, kwaye eJamani ngexesha yobuFasi ngandlela zonke gqi uloyiso Arminius, lowo ingqalelo iqhawe lesizwe.

Isiphumo yeprojekthi edibeneyo zilunge kakhulu ngokwembono ifilimu sobunyani yezembali, nto leyo ibonisa Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Kuyinto enomtsalane ukuba ababukeli, kungekuphela nje oku, kodwa kwakhona umdlalo abanetalente abadlali ezifana Cameron Mitchell, Hans von Borsod, Antonella Lualdi kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, Linamandla kakhulu kwaye esonwabisa umfanekiso kunye ukudubula isigcawu idabi ezininzi bafanelwe uncoma.