Tatar ASSR: ukubunjwa kunye nembali

Ukuhambisa kummandla Tatarstan mihla baqala malunga 90.000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, yaye imbali i-Tatar uhlanga ezingaphezulu kweshumi iinkulungwane. Ngeli xesha, i-Tatar State wathabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezininzi zophuhliso: ukusuka iVolga eBulgaria ukuya khanate amaninzi kumaxesha, ummeli ubalaseleyo leyo yaba zolotaya Orda.

Ngexesha ukuyilwa lokubhala Tatarstan intsha indawo runes zamaTurkic ku Cyrillic. Tatar inombolo ngaphakathi kwimida kamva kuvele Tatar ASSR waba ngaphezu kwezigidi-1.5 zabantu. Abo bakholelwa ukuba Tatar Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic - ilizwe kuya kuba luncedo ukwazi ukuba imbali lasungulwa kunye nophuhliso. Makhe sihlolisise kwi elidlulileyo kwaye ubone indlela i ulwabiwo republic waqala eSoviet Union.

Xa Tatar Ukuzilawula yiSoviet Socialist Republic kwasekwa?

IiBolsheviks ngexesha kombuso ingqalelo icandelo kazwelonke besebenzisa iimpawu ekuhlaleni zokujongana zesizwe nemibutho lwentando yesininzi. Emva kokuba ukusekwa amandla yiSoviet e Kazan ngoNovemba 1917, ulawulo lizwe oselula ukubonakalisa ekusekweni kwe-Tatar Republic.

NgoJanuwari 1920, kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba iiBolsheviks wangumlawuli, i Politburo inkxaso ukusekwa Tatar Republic. Kungekudala emva koko, i-Central iKomiti eLawulayo isaziso ngengqibo May 27, 1920, nolwathi lwamisela ukuzimela entsha kwaye nokuchaza isakhiwo izixhobo kwamandla karhulumente republic elizayo. Kwaba yimfuneko ukwenza CEC, leyo okwakufanele ukuba unyulo lwe zamasekela kwiBhunga wengingqi kunye neBhunga Commissars yaBantu.

Republic Day of Education

Usuku Republic kwaba ukubunjwa-25 Juni 1920, xa ikomiti elawulayo Kazan wazikhulula amagunya akhe yobunkokheli kwaye banikezela ngexesha labo revkomitetu Tatar ASSR, nto leyo ukulungiselela isiseko nokudalwa neqela Congress of qumrhu.

Igama "Tatar Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic" yenziwe bese ilungiswe amaxwebhu asemthethweni emva kweminyaka emibini, xa ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1922 yasekwa yiSoviet Union. Lalisandul 'ukusekwa Tatar ASSR kummandla iVolga waba ngomnye wemimandla kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho okukhulu.

Ekubhiyozeleni ekusekweni Tatar Republic

Tatar Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic yasekwa kwiminyaka wakhathazeka Iezothuso enzima shifts ziitectonic plates kubume karhulumente Russian. Utshintsho baba baninzi, yaye imbonakalo ye-Tatar Republic Juni 25-20 kwenkulungwane lokugqibela ngomnye wabo.

Phambi kokubhiyozela-18 Juni, i Politburo wadlula isigqibo kuphela ukuyilwa i-Tatar yiSoviet republic, kodwa imfuno ngokunxulumene isicwangciso sophuhliso imibhiyozo. Zingaphelanga iintsuku ezimbini Kazan eKomiti eLawulayo thaca kwaye iphumeze inkqubo kwiMibhiyozo, eziquka uphuhliso lesikhumbuzo ukuze umculi kwe revolution ka Tatar abantu Mulanuru Vakhitov kunye ibhukmaki National Theatre. Amanyathelo nazo kwamkele lombutho kuqhutywa oku kuvezwa kunye nolwabiwo lwezabelo kubemi ziyanyuswa.

Ekugqibeleni, ngoJuni 25 kwintlanganiso yokugqibela kunye neBhunga Kazan kunye imizimba ngamandla iqela norhwebo union, apho ikomiti yephondo iye onikwe igunya lokulawula ummandla Revolutionary Committee. Amalungiselelo lo mbhiyozo baba akulambathanga. Kazan ekhethelwe elikomkhulu kwiriphabliki eyenziwe ntsha, ihonjiswe yaye ujongo festive. Kwakumnandi - amajoni yabamba ekundleni, abasebenzi - ngoMgqibelo.

Day of the Republic kubonisiwe ngokunzulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye nakwezinye iindawo zaloo mmandla. Bugulma yabalasela ekundleni kaNdikhoyo ekampini limile esixekweni. In Chistopol kunye Tetyushi wagxininisa ukubaluleka mzuzu iintlanganiso eziliqela kunye nemiboniso, leyo zazinyaswa uninzi lwabantu ezidolophini. Mhlawumbi ngokuzithandela, kodwa ngubani owaziyo?

Ngokuvisisana ngokwesithethe Soviet, kba kwakhona kwezo maxesha ikomiti ezifunyenweyo bamkelekile kwaye ukuvakalisa umbulelo ucingo ukusuka kubasebenzi.

Tatar ASSR: imimandla nezixeko

Commission revkomitetom Kusekwe yabamba ukwahlulwa sobummandla kunye kuchazwe imida Tatarstan. Ukubunjwa Republic ubukhulu becala kumiselwa ngokungqinelana necandelo kazwelonke. Territory wajoyina i counties nabantu Tatar, ngaphambili ziqukwe kwamanye amaphondo. Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yezoqoqosho, intsimi TASSR lungohlulwa lube zezi nkalo zilandelayo:

• Predvolzhsky.
• South-Eastern kunye North-Eastern Zakamye.
• ummandla Trans-Kama Western.
• ENtshona Koloni naseMpuma Predkame.
• North-West.

Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso petroleum, iikhemikhali kunye namandla namashishini yaba kakuhle kwezoqoqosho, leyo wabuva Tatar ASSR. republic ifike umzi. inkqubo yokwakha izixeko ezintsha kunye needolophu yaphehlelelwa ukusuka ukwanda Ubuninzi babantu, abasebenzi kunye nokukhula. Wabonakala kahle izixeko ezifana Naberezhnye Chelny, Elabuga, Leninogorsk.

Isimo ngokomthetho kwiriphabliki

Tatar ASSR yaba ngurhulumente-osemthethweni ngobume ummiselo eqhotyoshelweyo kaMeyi 27, 1920. inxalenye yakhe esemthethweni RSFSR wavakalisa ngenjongo yokuseka ukulingana phakathi zonke republic, kwakunye indlela yokwahlula izibonelelo zemali kunye nobugcisa phakathi nemimandla ukusuka kubuncwane jikelele. Oku wavakalisa ukuba amandla aya buzinze ezandleni abasebenzi kunye nabalimi. Ukususela iziganeko ezilandelayo, siyazi ukuba ibe intle, kodwa hayi kwi-ndibopha non isilogeni iqela ngamandla.

Ubume urhulumente zibandakanya iBhunga yeNgingqi, siz kunye neBhunga Commissars yaBantu. Commissariats Ngu Abantu babekwazi elininzi kwimisebenzi kwaye kuxhomekeke Central kwiKomiti Elawulayo. Sikhulu zomkhosi sele isigxina Tatar Commissariat.

nkqubo Foreign norhwebo kuhlala phantsi uxanduva kwezakhiwo karhulumente kazwelonke.

Ukudalwa Abasemagunyeni ezimeleyo

amandla okuzimela Ulwakhiwo karhulumente yaveliswa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-siseko kwi-USSR. Amasebe karhulumente asekwa evela kwiBhunga of Commissars Abantu anyulwe kwi-Tatar Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic, i-Central iKomiti eLawulayo yaye inani amaBhunga zasekuhlaleni.

Sisiseko commissariats izixhobo samandla ezichaphazela zonke iindawo zikawonke yolawulo:

• Interior.
• Financial.
• Agricultural.
• Ukukhanya.
• Impilo-ntle.
• Justice.

Ezinye zezi kubaphathiswa belungisa ngurhulumente federal, abanye ukugcina lokuzimela izigqibo kunye nezenzo. Emva kokudala yaBantu Commissars ye-Tatar Republic, umbutho echotshelwa commissariats ngaphakathi komda wemisebenzi yempembelelo kwiriphabliki.

Ukudibana ne-RSFSR

Ngelo lokuqala lobudlelwane wokwakha phakathi RSFSR kunye nakwiiriphabliki elizenzekelayo uhulumeni wazama ukuba balungiselele izakhiwo nonxibelelwano iintsimbi esebenzisa Institute. Xa Central leKomiti Elawulayo de ngoNovemba 6, 1920 yasebenza emele Tatarstan, nto leyo iye wapheliswa nemisebenzi kunye namagunya ayo baqalisa ukuphumeza ukumelwa of the People kaThixo Commissariat for kwiintlanga.

Ukususela ngo-1924, i-Institute waqalisa umsebenzi wayo imbonakaliso bonke wadalwa ngexesha esingumzekelo seeRiphablikhi kazwelonke Elawulayo Central leKomiti Elawulayo. Esebenzisa wokuLawula kwi Tattorgpredstavitelstve iphuhlise ubudlelwane ezoqoqosho kunye nemali.

Ububanzi imisebenzi ukumelwa Tatarstan ayiphelelanga kuqoqosho. Ukuzimela nabasemagunyeni federal babambisana kumqolo obanzi imiba echaphazela kumlinganiselo zentlalo nenkcubeko, ezopolitiko kunye nakuzwelonke. Ukuba akukho namnye na amathandabuzo oko Tatar Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic - a Russian, liqalise iqela lamanyathelo ongenelelo. Izimele Republic of enomda ngo-1938, yamkela esingunombolo 2575, ukuze kupheliswe nokumelwa Tatarstan eMoscow.

Le inxaxheba Tatar Republic kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

ixesha imfazwe ngokuba lonke ilizwe kwakunzima kunye yindinisa. Yaba kungekho ngaphandle kwaye Tatar ASSR. Ngexesha leMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu yabantu eyindoda bazilungiselela ukubuyiselana umhlaseli. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, inkoliso oomatshini yezolimo yadluliselwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomkhosi. Nangona iimeko zokusebenza nzima kakhulu, ilali Tatarstan usenzile yaye zisiwe iimveliso ngaphambili.

izityalo ezininzi Tatarstan leyo imi kummandla ekuqaleni bakhutshwe kwaye yakhiwe nemveliso ukuvelisa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo emkhosini. Injini-Aircraft Instrument kunye namashishini ezaqaliswa iimveliso zomkhosi ubunzima-zaveliswa.

Ngomhla kummandla Tatar Republic elisebenze isityalo 22th, leyo wakhonza njengoko umyili oyintloko umdali kwi Pe-2 Pe-8 Vladimir Petlyakov kunye ofisi yoyilo, ukudala Jets.

Tatarstan, ukubonelela iimfuno ngaphambili, ukuvelisa inani elikhulu yemveliso ukusetyenziswa emkhosini, ezifana: ekonookrwece iimbumbulu, oololiwe vehicles kunye izikhephe kunye namacandelo for "Katyusha" kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano.

Asimele silibale malunga nenani evacuees wakhululwa ezinabantu, wabatshabalalisa eSoviet Union. Kuphela labemi Kazan landa ngabantu-100,000 ngexesha lemfazwe.