Egypt yamandulo. uNefertiti

koFaro onamandla, iphiramidi iingangamsha, amele cwaka SPHINX kude yaye kungakholeleki Egypt yamandulo. UNefertiti ayikho ngaphantsi eyaziwa lidala kungummangaliso kwaye intle leyo. Igama lakhe wambu halo amavo kunye neentsomi, waba uphawu zonke omhle. Ngubani yaphakama abafunyaniswe kunye uthixokazi Tefnut, kunazo zonke yaye "ogqibeleleyo" mfazi waseYiputa yamandulo, wakukhankanya apho ngaxa lithile wanyamalala, njengokuba yena?

Queen uNefertiti Egyptian imithetho kunye uFaro Amenhotep IV, eyaziwa ngcono imbali Akhenaton, zeminyaka ngaphezu emithathu eyadlulayo. Le Sands of Ixesha zibizele ixesha ezindala zembali baye eluthulini yonke olubiyele ukumkanikazi. Kodwa ke ubuqaqawuli uNefertiti wasinda iinkulungwane, ezo ntlungu zisabonakala, waphinda ibamba kujingajinga phezu kwehlabathi.

Ngowe-1912, ngexesha ngabembi eYiputa, Ludwig Borchardt - zakudala German, kwafunyanwa yocweyo ye nomkroli Tuthmosis, njengoko lamanani kuboniswe ngokucacileyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo amatye, iimaski ukusuka ukutyabeka, engagqitywanga eqingqiweyo ibhokisi Isiqwenga ogama Ahetatona nomkroli. Kwelinye lamagumbi yafunyanwa eyenziwe lekalika bohlobo komfazi ubukhulu ngokupheleleyo. Borchardt wengcibi owabakhuphayo eYiputa. Ngowe-1920, umhlola kwakunikelwa kwi-Berlin myuziyam. Iimfihlelo kunye iimfihlelo ubomi ukumkanikazi wazama ukutyhila ngokusebenzisa yeengcinga ezahlukeneyo. Sinokuthi ekubeni igama lakhe ligutyungelwe udumo ehlabathini lonke, bungabi nakucinywa kude kube ngoku. Naqhama umdla bayahlelwa ukumkanikazi. Ukuze ixesha elide malunga ngokudibana nje som, kungekhona ulwazi oluninzi inokufumaneka ngoku.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi malunga ngemvelaphi uNefertiti. ulwazi Little elinesihloko kwe- iindonga emangcwabeni, imibhalo emacwecweni ngoonobumba Amarna yokugcina, ube yindawo yokuzalela yophuhliso iinguqulelo ezininzi ngemvelaphi ukumkanikazi. "Igqibelele," njengoko ndibize, umYiputa, kodwa kukho iinguqulelo, isithi ukuba inkosazana amazwe. Egyptologists akha yeengcinga eziliqela malunga nemvelaphi yayo. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba yintombi Tushratta ukumkani Mitanni. igama lakhe lokwenyani Taduhippa watshintsha xa watshata Amenhotep III. UNefertiti ngumhlolokazi kusasa, yaye emva kokufa komyeni wakhe wabhengezwa umfazi unyana wakhe Amenhotep IV. Young uFaro uNefertiti iphumelele ubuhle bayo emangalisayo. Bathi ukuba le ubuhle sele alikafiki yabangela eYiputa. UNefertiti kungekudala ndaba "engundoqo" yomphathi kunye nomfazi wakhe. Kuba uhlobo uqinisekisa uguqulelo imvelaphi yayo baseYiputa, kuba idla umfazi uFaro yaba ligazi yasebukhosini. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oku kungaba intombi kaFaro. Kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba uNefertiti - intombi omnye kwisibizo kwinkundla Akhenaten.

Ukumkanikazi ngobambana hayi nje ngenxa yobuhle bayo obungaqhelekanga, kodwa inceba engenasiphelo. Kwanika abantu uxolo, ishawari yayo elanga iculwa imibongo namabali. Yena amandla lula phezu kwabantu, yena waqubuda eYiputa. UNefertiti has a umyolelo owomeleleyo Ukwazi ukukhusela ukuzinikela kuye.

Samandulo saseYiputa Imizobo ngqangi, uBharnabhas-imikrolo zibonisa ukuba umtshato wakhe Amenhotep IV wayefezekile, kwaba luphawu lwentlonelo, uthando kunye nentsebenziswano. Le uFaro-onamandla onke wehla embalini njenge wenguquko yenkolo. Yaba umntu ophezulu, ngubani na owakuxelayo imfazwe phezu ngokuphathelele ababingeleli. Wazibiza Akhenaton, "elikholekileyo kuThixo", ethutha ikomkhulu ukusuka Thebes ukuya Ahetaton, wanikela iitempile ezintsha, akathweswa sithsaba zabo elingumfanekiso colossi omtsha Aten-Ra. Ekwenzeni le nkqubo irhuluneli kwakufuneka ally elithembekileyo, baza baqalisa uNefertiti. umfazi Smart kwaye womelele wanceda uFaro refract ezingqondweni kuzwe lonke yaye uphumelele kwimfazwe eziyingozi ezifana ne abalungiseleli twisiseka benkolo, ngubani wamoyisa eYiputa. UNefertiti waya namatheko ozakuzo. UFaro wacebisana nomfazi wakhe esidlangalaleni. Ngamanye amaxesha indawo ngabacebisi bakhe esiphezulu. UNefertiti babenqula imifanekiso zakhe iingangamsha kunokubonwa phantse kuzo zonke iidolophu zaseYiputa. Amaninzi ovezwa kwi isigqubuthelo yi iwigi eluhlaza ende, oko entwined ezineeribhoni zegolide, uraeus, ngokufuziselayo sigxininisa amandla ayo kunye nonxibelelwano kunye noothixo.

Kukho umona ngamayelenqe. Kodwa ngokuphandle akukho mntu ubenobuganga umlawuli nxamnye nomfazi wakhe, kakhulu koko, kwi uNefertiti wawa iminikelo kunye nezipho abafuna. Nangona kunjalo, a queen olumkileyo luncedo kuphela kwabo, ngokoluvo lwakhe, akwazi ukuzithethelela nokufumana intembeko kaFaro.

Kodwa nxi, ukuba umlawuli elihle kubomi bomntu ongapheliyo, emhle ngokunxulumene uNefertiti. Oothixo akazange wamnika indlalifa ngamandla. Ukumkanikazi kuphela babesinikwe nguFaro neentombi 6. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, ngoncedo lwe ukubamonela wafumana indawo iqabane yobukumkani, amandla phezu intliziyo kaFaro waya ishweshwe omhle Kia. Uyasilela ixesha elide ukuba kufuphi kuye ukumkani, yaye kwaba nzima ukukhetha phakathi mabhinqa mabini. Ngomhla inxalenye ukumkanikazi wangaphambili babelufumana ngezandla ezishushu, kodwa ngoncedo ayikho ubukhazikhazi ukulahlekiswa uFaro. Owayesakuba ubudlelwane phakathi abanekratshi strong-lokuphila kunye uNefertiti kunye Akhenaten engasekho. Kodwa wakwazi ukugcina igunya phezu kwakhe. Kukho iinguqulelo ukuba uNefertiti, ebonisa ingqondo yayo karhulumente, wanikela umfazi Akhenaten Anhesenamon intombi yabo ngokudibeneyo wesithathu, ngolunye uhlobo, yaba intombi endala Meritaton.

Emva kokufa Akhenaten kaThixo, intombi yabo wayetshate Tutankhamun, eliphakamise eyinkunzi ukuya saseNo. Egypt waphinda ukunqula Amun-Ra nabo bonke babuyela esiqhelweni. Ngo Akhenaton kuphela uNefertiti, sinyanisekile iingcamango yendoda yakhe. Xa ekuthinjweni, wachitha bonke ubomi bakhe. Emva kokufa yokumkanikazi ngokwesicelo sakhe, angcwatywa kwingcwaba Akhenaten, kodwa Ma yakhe zange zifunyenwe. Kwaye indawo ngqo ze ingcwaba kwakhe ayaziwa.

Noko ke, igama lakhe lithetha "enhle yaba", yaye namhlanje usisimntwiso yonke omhle. umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka UKumkanikazi uNefertiti efumaneka Amarna ngo-1912, kwakunye nezinye imizobo nobugcisa kwaye kwimibongo ngu Tuthmosis, inkosi endala Akhenaton, zigcinwa kwi iimyuziyam ze eBerlin kunye neCairo. Ngowe-1995, Berlin yasingatha umboniso ivuso, idibanisa kunye nengqokelela umYiputa, ezaba iziko ukuhlangabezana kwakhona uNefertiti kunye Akhenaten.

UNefertiti wayengomnye abalinganiswa idumileyo imbali yezobugcisa, bumntwisiwe ubabalo nokuthantamisa, ukuba ukuvula ebudeni bolawulo Akhenaten icala ngokweemvakalelo ya vutshila. -ngomtsalane ukumkanikazi ezintle wanika amagcisa ithuba analo ukudibanisa kwi umfanekiso omnye ubuhle ubugcisa kunye nobomi.

Ukumkanikazi laseYiputa yamandulo indishiye ezininzi iimfihlelo kunye ezifihlakeleyo ezinxulumene ebomini bakhe ukuba umntu luseza ukumtyhilela.