IVolga Bulgaria. Ischeznovshee State

Ihamba entsimini, nto leyo ngoku abanini ngabahlali yeRiphabliki Tatarstan kunye Chuvash Republic, oko yaqala malunga ne-100 000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha Paleolithic. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane 9 yaye ngenkulungwane yokuqala 10, kwabonakala yokuqala karhulumente feudal - iVolga Bulgaria. Yinto enoxinzelelo kakhulu ixesha elide yaba lizwe kuphela esithile kummandla Far East of Europe. Wavele, i Bulgars aba qela yokuqala zamaTurkic, leyo ngexesha Ukufuduka Enkulu waba phakathi phambili eYurophu.

zokuma Persian Arabhu iVolga Bulgaria yayigqalwa kakhulu ilizwe kumantla Muslim ehlabathini. kweli lizwe, umhla wokwamkelwa of Islam ithathwa ukuba ibe yiminyaka 922. ngoko wathunyelwa likaCaliph saseBaghdad kwisixeko Bolgar iqela nonozakuzaku elizayo, olu sapho lwaluquka abakhi nabashumayeli of Islam. Ngenxa yokuba urhulumente uhlala nzela ummelwane esithe nkqi, i Khazar Khanate, ukumkani Bulgaria Almush wanyanzelwa ukuba ukuguqukela Islam aze abe isifundo abanyanisekileyo likaCaliph Bogdada. Ngaloo ndlela wakwazi ukomeleza ukuziphendulela yelizwe labo, ethe waba sizana Arab Caliphate. Kodwa kwakukho Bulgars, ngubani avume ukwamkela Islam. Eli qela, nelikhokelwa ngu Prince Vyragom, wahlukana. Oku ezabangela ukuba imbonakalo uhlanga Chuvash. Kamva abantu babenazo ezi nkolelo yaye baba bantu zamaTurkic Orthodox kuphela.

Ngexesha kwawo, iVolga Bulgaria iphumeze lukhulu. Ngokutsho imithombo ebhaliweyo elo xesha, eli lizwe ngokuba ilizwe izixeko eziliwaka. Esi sixeko sikhulu ithathwa Bilyar kunye eBulgaria, kwindawo yayo labemi igqithile imizi elo xesha, efana eLondon, Kiev, eParis, Novgorod. Umzekelo, i Bulgarians kwaba kathathu ezinkulu kuno Paris. Xa ngundoqo endlini yenkosi, baphahlwe Mosque. Kakade ngelo xesha abakuloo mzi yakhiwe neebhate ngamanzi aphuma etephini. Imizi ziye kubekwa phezu ukufudumeza noghutyulo lwelindle. Ngaphandle ukusuka ngasentla, urhulumente okwabizwa ngokuba ilizwe engqondweni. Ngawo la ke amazwi alambathayo. Apha iphumelele Uphuhliso kwinzululwazi ezifana amayeza, imbali, ngeenkwenkwezi, izibalo.

Bade iVolga Bulgaria kufika ngexesha lokulawula Emir Gabdully Chelbir. Ngeli xesha, i Bulgars zazikhona pretty ukuzomelezela ngamachule okulwa imfazwe. Oku kungqina ukuba iVolga Bulgars - abantu kuphela ngubani na ukwaphula umkhosi Genghis Khan ngo-1223. Emva koko, iminyaka Mongols 13 ngokungeyompumelelo iyangena isimo Bulgarian. Kuphela 1229, wawuqokelela onke amandla akhe emlanjeni Yaik (phambene), i Mongols akwazi ukuba ndimaphule Bulgars kunye Polovtsy waza waqalisa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza nje emdeni kurhulumente, yaye wonakele ngokupheleleyo ngo-1936. Inxalenye Bulgars wabaleka waza wafumana indawo yokufihla kwi umthetheli elizukileyo Vladimir.

Sele 1240 urhulumente yaseBulgaria yaba yinxalenye ye-Golden mkhosi. Kangangexesha elide kwakukho uphakamo kunobukhulu bendawo Bulgars. Ngokutsho MG Khudyakov, ukuphela kwethemba yokubuyiswa ngurhulumente wangaphambili wabeka kwempahla eyinkunzi - isixeko Bolgar - kunye nentshukumo iziko nenkcubeko nezopolitiko Kazan. Kazan Khanate ngoku zigxile kula mazwe. Bendawo eseleyo kwafuneka ukuba ziziqhelanise abasemagunyeni abatsha. Ngokuthe ngcembe oko Yenziwa, kwaneentsapho Bulgars-AmaTatar, kodwa bonke abantwana kuzalwa ukuba ziqwalaselwe yi-nangezinto. Kwathi, ukuze ndithethe, "yokuphelisa" kwabantu ezifana Bulgars, kwaye ukuvela ezintsha - iVolga nangezinto.

Ke ulwimi Bulgarian, wafa nje. Izazinzulu ezininzi ziye bazama ukufumana amagama ezincinane Tatar mihla, kufutshane Bulgar imvelaphi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela olunye uhlanga - Chuvash. Ukuba uyakhumbula, le yinxalenye yeqela zamaTurkic, nto leyo atshintshelwe Islam kunye wahlulelwa. Bathetha i ulwimi akudala zamaTurkic, nto leyo akafani naluphi na olunye ulwimi. Kwaye xa bethelekisa yeembali ezindala iVolga Bulgars nolwimi Chuvash anokufunyanwa ezininzi mazwi. Ngokufutshane, ulwimi Chuvash njengoko ekufutshane Bulgar.