Sinuses ye mater Dura (sinuses lwemithambo, sinuses ubuchopho): anatomy, imisebenzi

Ingqondo umzimba eqinisekisa ukuba nokulawula yonke imisebenzi komzimba. Idityanisiwe ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo luvo. Ubuchopho efunda zixakekile kwaye kuqhubeka nokusebenzisana izazinzulu aphambili kunye amagqirha ehlabathini lonke.

Overview

Ubuchopho ibandakanya luvo 25 billion, akha mbandela hina. ubunzima Body kuyahlukana nedlela ngesondo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu babe ubunzima malunga 1375 g amabhinqa - ngo-1245 i-avareji okubangela-2% iyonke ubunzima bomzimba. Ngoko ke oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba inqanaba lophuhliso kushicilelo akunanto yakwenza ubunzima ebuchotsheni. babenobuchule kuchaphazela inani unxulumano esekwe igunya. Iiseli zobuchopho luvo kunye glia. Okuvelisa kunye yokusasaza pulses wokuqala, wesibini - ukwenza imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Ngaphakathi ebuchotsheni kukho umngxuma. Zibizwa ngokuba ventricles. Kwiindawo ahlukeneyo omzimba womntu emzimbeni phambi kwethu kumka luvo cranial. They nesithandwa sakhe. Total isuka ingqondo 12 izibini luvo. cover Brain iqokobhe ezintathu: ethambileyo, nzima, kunye arachnoid. kukho izithuba phakathi kwabo. Kuwo akukho lokuhamba ulwelo fluid. Kusebenza hydrostatic CNS yemeko ezisingqongileyo kwaye sinika kukhuthaza iimveliso metabolic. Iqokobhe yengqondo zahluke kubume kunye nenani iimpahla abapasa kuzo. Noko ke, zinika ukukhuselwa imixholo ukusuka phezulu ukhakhayi umonakalo.

arachnoid MO

Arachnoidea encephali wahlukana iqokobhe eziqinileyo yi network capillary isithuba subdural. Ayizi phambili ukuya kungena vee Nemiqela nje yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, i inwebu arachnoid uzitshise ngabo ngohlobo kwo. Ngenxa yoko isithuba subarachnoid, nakoko engamanzi ecacileyo. Kwezinye iindawo, kukhethwa kwi kwisiseko ingqondo, kukho izithuba zophuhliso subarachnoid ingakumbi okulungileyo. Zakha izikhongozeli ezinzulu ngokubanzi - netanki. Bona ziqulathe cerebrospinal fluid.

Yegazi (soft) MO

Pia Mater encephali lugubungela ngqo kumphezulu ingqondo. It inikwa ngohlobo maleko-ezimbini ipleyiti transparent, elisuke ethubeni Nemiqela. Okwangoku chromatophores MO nemithambo - iiseli ebala. Ingakumbi ezininzi ezifumaneka isiseko obuchopho. Ukongezelela, kukho lymphoid, iiseli lwemasti, fibroblasts, kunye luvo eliqela receptor zabo. Icandelo soft MO ahambe izitya esimbaxa (medium kunye ezinkulu), lwathi arterioles. Phakathi kweendonga zawo kwaye iqokobhe zilungiswe Virchow isithuba - uRobin. Ziyahlutha cerebrospinal fluid kwaye unxibelelwano kunye isithuba subarachnoid. Ngabo okwaba fibrils elastic collagen. Bona emsebenzini iimpahla, apho iimeko ukubana lwabo ngethuba yama- ngaphandle kokuchaphazela Medulla.

TMO

Lubonakala ngamandla ingakumbi phezulu kunye mninzi. Kubume bayo kukho inani elikhulu Imisonto elastic collagen. Yenza i iqokobhe esiluqilima kwithishyu ashinyeneyo nokuqina.

iimpawu

iqokobhe Nzima olunga- lweHo- ngaphakathi ukakayi. Ngelo xesha esisebenza ngayo njengoko periosteum yayo yangaphakathi. Kule ndawo ye yanomngxuma omkhulu ngasemva TMO uba nzima Iqokobhe umnqonqo. Kwakhona yakha esingxotyeni perineural ye-luvo cranial. Zingene umngxuma, iqokobhe sikhula kunye elintlangothi zabo. Udibaniso neqela amathambo ethe-ethe. Iqokobhe kungaba lula wabahlula. Oku kubangelwa ithuba hematoma ebulewe. Xa kummandla isiseko iqokobhe cranial iifyuzi kunye ithambo. Ngokukodwa, fusion enamandla waphawula kwiziza iikhompawundi ze izakhi kunye nabanye luvo cranial nokuphuma ndawo ibinomthwebeba. Umphezulu engaphakathi yeqokobhe igcwele endothelium. Oku kukhokelela ngobuqhophololo kunye pearlescent wayo komthunzi. Kwezinye iindawo, uthi ingaphandle ukuqhekeka. Apha kwasekwa iinkqubo zayo. Bona ezivelileyo nzulu kwiindawo zokubeka, ezo ezahlulwe icandelo lobuchopho. Kwiindawo kweenkqubo divergence, kwakunye kwinkalo uncamathiselo kwi amathambo kwisiseko cranial imijelo ezingoonxantathu lwangaphakathi kwakheka. Kananjalo wambu endothelium. Ezi ndlela - oko sinuses le mater laseDura.

irhengqa

Oku kucingwa ukuba lomthi inkulu kweqokobhe. Irhengqe ingena slot longitudinal phakathi zifaka asekhohlo nasekunene, ngaphandle kokuba afikelele I-corpus. Kuyinto ibhityile egosogoso ipleyiti irhengqa 2 ngohlobo sheets. Xa inkqubo yahlula-based kulele sinus sagittal kunathi. Edge icala iceba ukuba anquma kwaye ezinamagqabi ezimbini. Kubo kukho sinus esezantsi sagittal.

Compound iziqalelo cerebellar

Xa phambi kwenyanga iceba coalesces kunye cockscomb kwi amathambo ethmoid. Ummandla diff kwi kummango Buze Occipital idityaniswe kwiCerebellum snaring lwangaphakathi. Yena, ke, obunokumhlela fossa cranial bamisa intente. Kuyo kukho kwiCerebellum. wokuphalisa lakhe engena kumngxunyana ezinqamlezayo kwi ebuchotsheni. Apha, yena esahlula zifaka cerebellar ye esithinzini Occipital. Phambili Phalani yezitenxo abakhoyo. notch akubunjwanga nxamnye apho brainstem ngaphambili. izabelo lateral Phalani ihlanganiswa kungqameko groove kwi ngasemva sinus ezinqamlezayo kwi ithambo Occipital kunye kungqameko aphezulu iiphiramidi kwi amathambo zexeshana. Ephindeneyo sidlule ukuba ngomva iinkqubo ze ilungu nesinqumka kwiindawo phambi kwicala ngalinye. Lo moya sagittal yi falcula. edge yalo elikhokelayo ukhululekile. Yena wahlula zifaka cerebellar. Ngasemva irhengqa ibekwe ecaleni Crest, Occipital lwangaphakathi. Uya ukuya kwikona enkulu emngxunyeni aliselele iinyawo ezimbini kumacala omabini. Isiseko ekhoyo irhengqa Occipital sinus.

nezinye izinto

iris umi iinqwelo Turkish. It is a ipleyiti amalungiselelo tyaba. Xa iziko layo imbobo. I plate bulukwe phezu fossa yebhinqa kwaye yenza uphahla lwayo. Phantsi uvalo ke ingqondo yebhinqa. Yena kumngxuma liqhagamshelaniswe le ngxenye ngokusebenzisa ifanele kunye nemilenze. Kule ndawo ye misinga trigeminal kufutshane kumphezulu Dura ithambo zexeshana ihlukane iphepha 2. Bakha kwikhavithi apho esiludumbo-luvo (trigeminal).

Sinuses le mater laseDura

Bamele sinus benziwa ngenxa cleavage kwi sheets TMO ezimbini. sinuses ebuchotsheni isebenze njenge ndlela uhlobo kwimikhumbi. kweendonga akhiwa amacwecwe. Sinus ngemithambo palsy wabelane esifanayo. kumphezulu wazo engaphakathi igcwele endothelium. Ngelo xesha sinuses palsy kunye neempahla isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ngqo. Le yokugqibela ikhululekile yaye ziquka ngeengcamba ezintathu. Xa le mithambo siyabutyaka imithambo yecandelo. Iindonga sinuses, ke, ukuba uqhuba. Bakha kwizicwili ashinyeneyo ezinezikhondo, equlethe imicu elastic. Ukuba kwashiya sayo sinus yecandelo. Ukongeza, iimpahla izivalo lwemithambo akhoyo. Kule ukuqanda sinus kukho ngemiqadi eziliqela buso nemivalo yenyuka. aba bahamba kunye endothelium kwaye waphoswa udonga kodonga. Kwezinye sinuses, ezi zinto zahluka uphuhliso omkhulu. Iindonga sinuses ayikho izinto dystrophy. Sinuses ye mater Dura kufuneka igazi ukuvumela isakhiwo ukuba flow kude ngokukhululekileyo phantsi isiphumo womxhuzulane yayo ngaphandle kokujonga oscillations uxinzelelo intracranial.

iintlobo

Kukho la sinuses zilandelayo dural lwemithambo:

1. sagittalis Sinus kunathi. Le sinus eliphezulu sagittal kunabela engakumphetho eliphezulu iceba enkulu ukusuka cockscomb ukuya ngeprojektha Occipital embilwini.
2. sagittalis Sinus uphumelele. Lower sinus sagittal ise embindini ekupheleni ekhululekileyo irhengqa enkulu. Uyabaleka waya rectus sinus umva. Le ephindeneyo kwinxalenye apho ungqameko olungezantsi a iceba enkulu zidibana kunye ngaphambili kumngcipheko cerebellar wokuphalisa.
3. rectus Sinus. sinus ngqo ibekwe kwi cleavage asakhulayo ukusuka kumgca kuxumano irhengqa lakhe elikhulu.
4. transversus Sinus. Le sinus ezinqamlezayo ise indawo awazalelwa wokuphalisa kwiCerebellum evela ingaphandle ebuchotsheni.
5. occipitalis Sinus. sinus Occipital overlies irhengqa cerebellar base.
6. Sinus sigmoideus. sinus Sigmoid ise emseleni homonymous kumphezulu engaphakathi yokakayi. Ejonge uhlobo unobumba S. In the jugular foramen kummandla sinus ludlulele Kusenjalo lwangaphakathi.
7. Sinus cavernosus. Kabili sinus cavernous kubekwe phezu omabini amacala sella.
8. sphenoparietalis Sinus. sinus Sphenoparietal ezikufutshane ngomva sites simahla kwi iphiko encinane ithambo sphenoid.
9. Sinus petrosus kunathi. sinuses Upper sise kumngcipheko eliphezulu ithambo zexeshana.
10. Sinus petrosus uphumelele. Ezinamatye ithambeka esezantsi sine iphakathi Occipital kunye iphiramidi bone zexeshana.

sagittalis Sinus ephakeme

Iinxalenye phambi eliphezulu anastomose sine (enxulumene) kunye yegazi lo lweHo- ngeempumlo. Elingasemva kwemali kungena sinus ezinqamlezayo. Ekhohlo ne ekunene izikhewu ecaleni ukunxibelelana naye. Bamele umngxuma encinane phakathi engaphandle kunye neemakhishithi angaphakathi TMO. Inani labo kunye nobukhulu zahlukile kakhulu. Nezikhewu unxibelelwano kwisisu sinus sagittalis kunathi. Zizinto imifinya eqinileyo kunye neempahla igazi ebuchotsheni, kwakunye ndlela diploic.

Sinus rectus

izenzo sinus ngqo njenge uhlobo nokuqhubeka sinus sagittalis ngasemva obuphantsi. Idibanisa inxalenye elingasemva sinuses awongamileyo kunye ophantsi. Koko sinus eliphezulu, isiphelo ngaphambili ubandakanya sinus rectus enkulu eVienna. Ngasemva sinus ungena inxalenye phakathi transversus sinus. Le ndawo kuthiwa iindinyana sinus.

Sinus transversus

Le sinus yeyona inkulu kakhulu kakhulu. Ngaphakathi wethambo emqaleni esikalini siyafana emqeleni ngokubanzi. Further sinus transversus ludlulele sigmoid sinus. Emva koko iya emlonyeni benqanawa jugular lwangaphakathi. Sinus transversus kunye Sinus sigmoideus, kanjalo benza njengoko imithombo main lwemithambo. Kulo mzekelo, ngowokuqala awe yonke eminye sinuses. Ezinye sinuses lwemithambo uyifake ngqo, ezinye - ngokungangqalanga. Ekunene nangasekhohlo sinus osecaleni kuyaqhubeka sinus sigmoideus engqinelanayo icala. Le ndawo apho ingena lwemithambo sinuses sagittalis, rectus kunye occipitalis, kuthiwa ukuqengqeleka.

Sinus cavernosus

elinye igama layo - le sinus cavernous. Eli gama nanako ngokunxulumene phambi zokwahlula ezininzi. Balirhola sinus isakhiwo efanelekileyo. Emva sinus kuvavanywe ukubhobhoza cavernous, ocular, trochlear, oculomotor-luvo kunye carotid Umthambo (ngaphakathi) kunye plexus novelwano. Phakathi kwicala lasekunene kwaye ekhohlo sinuses langoku umyalezo. It imelwe ngokohlobo ngaphambili nangesemva mezhpescheristogo sinus. Ngenxa yoko, xa kummandla lo turcica sella wambumba ring nemithambo. Xa sinus cavernous (in cipande yakhe) iwela sinus sphenoparietalis.

Sinus petrosus kuthathelwe

Engena phezulu ebhalbhu jugular (ngaphakathi) umthambo. Ngu sinus petrosus iimpahla mibono nokufuya ophantsi. Sinuses Dura elidityaniswe iindlela ezininzi nemithambo. Kwindawo basilar wethambo Occipital, bakha igama elifanayo plexus. It ukhandwa ngokudibana amasebe lwemithambo ekunene ekhohlo sinus petrosus obuphantsi. Uxokonyezelelwe ngokusebenzisa magnum foramen kunye basilar plexus lwangaphakathi ezinomqolo nemithambo.

ukwengeza

Kwezinye iindawo, sinuses Shell ifom anastomoses kunye lwangaphandle yegazi intloko ngoncedo kwabanezidanga - mithambo emissarnyh. Ukongeza, unxibelelwano kunye masebe sinus diploic. Le mithambo ibekwe ithambo cancellous kwi egumbini cranial zidlule zibe iimpahla zangaphandle entloko. Ngoko Igazi aqukuqela kude emasebeni awo olujikeleza sinuses TMT. Ngoko ayajika kungena jugular asekhohlo nasekunene (ngaphakathi) umthambo. Ngenxa anastomoses sinus nempahla diploic, alumni kunye plexus, negazi azinako ziphalale kungena kwiziko network komhlaba.

imikhumbi

Ukuze Dura nge ekhohlo kunye nemingxuma ekunene spinous meningeal ezifanelekileyo (avareji) Umthambo (isebe maxillary). Le ndawo temporo-Parietal amasebe TMO kuyo. Esingxotyeni fossa cranial sobuKristu kubonelelwa ukusuka sobuKristu igazi kwemithambo (trellis yesebe inkqubo ocular nemithambo). Ngo-TMO ngomva fossa ukhakhayi amasebe ngomva meningeal, amasebe vertebral kunye Occipital mastoid kwemithambo yesebe.

izanya

Iqokobhe umsebenzi innervated kumasebe ahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, oko ezilungele yesebe luvo vagus kunye trigeminal. Ukongeza, innervation onovelwano ukunika nefayibha. Baya kuza kwiqokobhe nzima Ebubanzini bodonga, ebe inabo kwemithambo yegazi. Kule ndawo bomphambili Dura fossa cranial ufumana ehluma ukusuka luvo optic. isebe lakhe - tentorial - libonelela innervation wokuphalisa cerebellar nobuchopho irhengqa. Ukuthenga fossa eliphakathi cranial wenziwe ngenxa meningeal inkqubo maxillary kunye nemithambo isabelo mandibular. amasebe abaninzi uhamba nxamnye iqokobhe inqanawa. Le snaring ye kwiCerebellum, Noko ke, le meko thile ezahlukeneyo. Kukho izinto ezincinane kunye namasebe luvo amalungiselelo kuwo ngokuzimeleyo.