Umnqonqo: iimpawu zezakhiwo, iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi

Umnqonqo yinxalenye yenkqubo luvo. Xa umzimba womntu ngayo inoxanduva ikhaliphe mafutha kunye transmission neemvakalelo-luvo phakathi kwemibutho kunye ingqondo. umnqonqo akawuvingca, ekukhuseleni. Ziziphi iimpawu neeyantlukwano abanazo?

isakhiwo

neengqameko vertebral enza umngxuma, ebizwa emjelweni vertebral, kwaye kwalo umnqonqo kunye neempahla kunye neengcambu luvo. inxalenye yawo eliphezulu liqhagamshelene Medulla (icandelo intloko), umzantsi - kunye periosteum vertebra yesibini coccygeal.

umnqonqo ikhangeleka ngathi omhlophe umgca obhityileyo, ubude apho umntu ufikelela iisentimitha 40-45, kwakunye nokwanda ubukhulu ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. kumphezulu wayo phakathi kancinane. It iqulathe amacandelo amathathu ananye kuzo zikwindawo iperi ezingcanjini-luvo.

Umnqonqo wambu amaqokobhe ngaphandle. Ngaphakathi iqulathe into engwevu namhlophe, umlinganiselo wabo iyahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Lo mba gray elimile ibhabhathane, kukho imizimba iseli luvo kunye neenkqubo zabo iqulathe eqinileyo emhlophe, nto leyo amalungiselelo emiphethweni.

Isiteshi Iziko ibekwe umcimbi hina. Ugcwalisa i cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nto leyo gqolo ehlabathini ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Xa abadala, kuxhomekeke umthamo ngeemililitha 270. CSF ekuveliseni ventricles yengqondo kwaye ihlaziywa ngamaxesha-4 ngemini.

umnqonqo

Ezintathu iqokobhe: nzima, arachnoid kunye soft - ezibandakanya amacandelo omabini, intloko kunye umnqonqo. Enza imisebenzi emibini. Zothintelo kuthintela ifuthe elibi amanyathelo ngoomatshini kwi ebuchotsheni. umsebenzi Trophic ohlobene ummiselo yokumpompoza kwegazi yobuchopho, ngenxa oluqhutywa yokucolwa zomzimba.

umnqonqo iqanjwa iiseli zomzimba nokuqina. Ngaphandle kukho iqokobhe nzima, ngaphantsi arachnoid kunye zithambe. Abayi kufutshane nenye ngqongqo kakhulu. It has subdural naphakathi isithuba subarachnoid. Kwalapho ke qhoboshela iipleyiti kunye nemisipha, nto leyo ethintela zobude ebuchotsheni.

Shell akhiwa ekuqaleni kwenyanga yesibini Palsy. Le kwizicwili senziwa uvaleke kwaye zahanjiswa ecaleni kwawo. iiseli zomzimba kamva ezahlulwe ukwenza iqokobhe nomphandle wocango. Emva kwethutyana iqokobhe engaphakathi yohlulwe zithambe kunye arachnoid.

shell nzima

Iqokobhe engaphandle iquka nzima maleko phezulu nasezantsi. Kuye umgangatho rough apho ilahlwa khona nobuninzi lemigqomo. Ngokungafaniyo kwiqokobhe efanayo ebuchotsheni, awusebenzi abut ngokuqinileyo ezindongeni lomsele vertebral waza wabahlula yi plexus lwemithambo, okunamafutha kwithishyu.

Iqokobhe nzima umnqonqo yi izihlunu ashinyeneyo ezinezikhondo ezikrelekrele. It ziqina nobuchopho ngohlobo i side zezindlu asengxoweni. iiseli Ukugubungela (endothelium) aqulathe khazi umaleko asezantsi.

It esiqukumbela iindawo kunye luvo, oyinxalenye umngxuma apho ukwandisa, besondela foramen intervertebral. Kufutshane iqokobhe intloko liqhagamshelene ithambo Occipital. It uncipha phantsi kwaye umtya ebhityile, nto leyo iqhotyoshelwe coccyx.

Igazi udlula kwemithambo ukuba iqokobhe eqhagamshelwe aorta thoracic kunye esiswini. igazi lwemithambo ongena plexus lwemithambo. Iqokobhe Iqinisekile kwi emjelweni spinal ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo kwi foramen intervertebral kunye besusa ezinezikhondo.

arachnoid

Indawo yokubeka-ezimise isithuba kunye nenani elikhulu kokuxhuma imiqadi bahlukaniswa eqinileyo kunye inwebu arachnoid ye umnqonqo. Le yokugqibela na uhlobo noxwebhu ezingcakacileyo, oko elubala kwaye iqulathe fibroblasts (Imicu zeethishu nokuqina ukuba nokulungelelanisa isizalo extracellular).

inwebu Arachnoid ye umnqonqo wabhinqa glia - iiseli ezinika ukudluliselwa neemvakalelo-luvo. Iqulethe akukho imithambo yegazi. Ukususela iinkqubo arachnoid enoxolo, trabeculae filamentous, ukwaluka kwi iqokobhe athambileyo ilandelayo.

Phantsi cover ibekwe isithuba subarachnoid. Ngaphakathi iqulathe ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. Oku lizakwandiswa kwisigaba inxalenye esezantsi umnqonqo, kwi sacrum kunye coccyx. Kummandla intamo ephakathi xaka kunye inwebu ezithambileyo arachnoid. Zekhala kunye nezixhobo unxulumano phakathi iingcambu luvo ingqondo sisigxina endaweni enye, engavumi ukuba ahambe.

shell soft

iqokobhe kwangaphakathi uthambile. It ziqina umnqonqo. Xa kuthelekiswa isakhiwo efanayo ebuchotsheni, loo nto ithathwa ixesha elide ngakumbi nepeni. iqokobhe elithambileyo umnqonqo ibandakanya izihlunu evakalala, leyo, wayifulela iiseli endothelial.

Kuye iileya ezimbini ezingcakacileyo phakathi apho kukho imithambo yegazi ezininzi. On umaleko top, kwipleyiti ezinemifanekiso obhityileyo okanye sheet ezi nemisipha dentate ukuba ukulungisa iqokobhe. Ukuze kwinxalenye engaphakathi inwebu osecaleni iiseli glial edityaniswe ngqo umnqonqo. Iqokobhe yakha esingxotyeni salo ngenxa kwemithambo kunye nalo lingena singene ingqondo kunye umcimbi gray.

iqokobhe Soft ekhoyo kuphela izilwanyana. Ezinye ekuyo ezweni (tetrapods) kuphela ezimbini - ngokuqinileyo kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi. Ekuhambeni kwemvelo yeqokobhe bangaphakathi ezanyisayo sahlukana kwi web kwaye zithambe.

isiphelo

Umnqonqo linxulumene luvo central ekuyo, kuquka abantu. Iqhuba umsebenzi lo reflex kunye introducer. I ikhaliphe nomlenze lokuqala onoxanduva - .. Of flexion nokwandiswa, Betha, njl Umsebenzi wesibini lo Uhanjiso neemvakalelo-luvo phakathi kwemibutho kunye ingqondo.

iqokobhe okuqinileyo, arachnoid kunye athambileyo ziqina umnqonqo ezivela ngaphandle. Senza zokuzikhusela trophic (zesondlo) function. Amaqokobhe benziwa iiseli zomzimba nokuqina. Bona ezahlulwe ngezithuba phakathi kwabo azaliswe kotywala - ulwelo elijikeleza umnqonqo nobuchopho. A istili enxulumene phakathi imicu ezintle kunye neenkqubo.