Reserve Orenburg: izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, iziza zembali kunye zakudala

ummandla Orenburg elise kwimimandla emdeni kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo zoogeographical kunye kwiindawo ezithile. izinto ezininzi kwakhokelela ukuba nentsusa kwento kunye yokuvelela izilwanyana basekuhlaleni.

Oovimba, phantsi ukhuselo karhulumente, ziyafundisa (in eziphilayo), uphando, lwezenzululwazi arhente, zokusingqongileyo. Injongo yemisebenzi yabo kukugcina kwaye bafunde intshukumo ngokwendalo kweenkqubo zendalo okanye iziganeko. Kwakhona, kwi imimandla kwezi mimandla ithe kwakhona isilwanyana mali yemfuza enezityalo nezilwanyana, ngokuxhomekeke ulondolozo loluntu ngamnye kunye neentlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana, unique okanye iinkqubo ezithile eziphilayo. Reserve "Orenburg" - akukho ngaphandle.

incazelo jikelele

zone Environmental ukhandwa izahlulo ezine, iyonke indawo apho elilingana 21.7 amawaka. Ha.

Orenburg Reserve iqulethe:

• "Talovskie emathafeni" - 3200 eehektare;
• "Burtinskaya emathafeni" - 4500 eehektare;
• "Aytuarskuyu emathafeni" - 6753 eehektare;
• "Aschisayskuyu emathafeni" - 7200 eehektare.

zicwangciswe Yonke imimandla malunga kwi ngama efanayo. Longitude ukuba yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye 240, 380 no-75 km. Le ukuqhekeka indawo bavunyelwe ukuba nizinikele ngokupheleleyo iintlobo ezisisiseko mhlaba ezifunyanwa kumathafa kummandla Orenburg.

History of indalo

Izicwangciso sokuqala lombutho kwindawo ekhuselweyo zaye zaphuhliswa umva kwi eko zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Kodwa ngo-1975 baza baqalisa ukusebenza. Umfutho waba ukufunda enye zobuntlola, ngenxa apho ibhaqwe umhlaba emathafeni ekwakuphila kummandla Orenburg. Okokugqibela, i-Reserve ngo-1989.

zone sezulu

Kwi kwintsimi uyalawula imozulu eyomileyo yezwekazi. I-avareji lobushushu 2.5 ° C. Ixesha iqabaka-simahla reserve ziintsuku 130. I-avareji imvula ngonyaka 390mm.

Aytuarskaya emathafeni

Lo mmandla ithatha indawo ka-6753 eehektare, ukuba ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo lomlambo. Phambene Mountains, emdeni welizwe lethu kunye Kazakhstan. Ukuya kuma-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela emaqeleni enkulu kule baba ezimbini uNothozamile Kazakh usungulo. Emathafeni kunye edlelweni amaphecana esetyenziswa hayfields, kodwa yonke imisebenzi yezoqoqosho imisiwe namhlanje. Ngaphandle kwaba ifama ihashe kuphela, ngokukodwa enzelwe ukuvelisa Aytuarke umgangatho ophezulu koumiss.

Orenburg reserve kule ndawo kucingwa icandelo kakhulu weentaba. Yinto yinxalenye esandleni phambene lisongiwe. Le zezilwanyana imelwe ziintlobo-38 zezilwanyana. Kwindawo eqhelekileyo hamsters eziqhelekileyo, loafers, slepushonki elula, impuku ezinde, pikas. Ezidla aba ferrets emathafeni, iimpungutye. Le amatyholo kunye iintshinyela enemithi umiwe amaxhama, yasendle, elk.

Luphawu 106 iintlobo zeentaka, ziphawuleka ukuba ama-41 aphume indlwane yazo. Luninzi Falconiformes, kuquka kestrel encinane, saker nesangxa, eagle komlawuli, nesangxa, Pallid Harrier, Eagle. Kulo endaweni ka reserve ifumaneka bustard kancinane, partridges, izagwityi. Izinambuzane inikezwe iintlobo ngeentlobo ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of Russia.

indawo zembali zakudala izinto

Ngaphakathi reserve kukho abane abangatshatanga kunye zendunduma ezimbini yokungcwaba. Kufutshane nemida site ukuba isimbuku iikiriva 16 zilahlwe.

Aschisayskaya emathafeni

Le ndawo ibekwe kwindawo weehektare 7200, nto leyo kwindawo Svetlinskoye. Ngaphambili emathafeni yaba eliqingqiweyo umthwalo utyani iinkomo, kwezinye iindawo isetyenziswa hay.

Le ndawo usizo tyaba, tyaba, izidanga, kancinane. Beautiful umahluko Aschisayskoy emathafeni ukunika namawa relict, nasentshonalanga, nasentshonalanga, anikho phantsi imijelo umsebenzi kunye namachibi.

emigodini emathafeni lokuhlola amanzi zimbalwa kunye namachibi, leyo ixhomekeke ukuzaliswa umthamo wamanzi zinyibilikisiwe kulingane. Abaninzi kubo imilo ajikelezayo. Le yenye yeendawo ezininzi ezintle, obakhe yolondolozo lwendalo "Orenburg".

Oko likhuselwe kule ndawo?

Kwi masimu isasazeka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 ka ezanyisayo, iintlobo 53 zeentaka yokwakha. Phakathi abameli zezilo (zasendle), iintlobo ezininzi iimpawu zezi unomatse encinane, nembila, emathafeni polecat, KwiMarmot, impungutye. Phakathi iintaka isigqibo sokwabela Belladonna, eagle emathafeni, kwaMagwangqa. amachibi emathafeni kwindlwane Ogar, ezinjengookhwalimanzi, nokhwalimanzi.

Amangcwaba ixabiso yezembali kunye zakudala

Ngomhla kummandla wolondolozo kukho udonga lokungqinga, apho, ngokutsho uphando, iba ngokwemizalwane abasemathanga ephakathi kwexesha. ukuphakama kwalo yi-1 m, ububanzi - 20 m.

Burtinskaya emathafeni

Esi siza ibekwe Preduralsky Orenbuzhya kwindawo abahlala kwindawo 4,500 Ha. Emathafeni ngexesha leSoviet esisebenza nxenye hay. Ummandla buffer ibandakanya saline kunye engcotyeni amaphecana, amachibi karst Koskol.

Emathafeni ibekwe kwi Urals kwimpuma foredeep ngoko thaca zazihamba kwaye unyuka kakhulu izidanga sendawo. landscape Modern waqala ukubunjwa lakhe Pliocene kwindawo amathafa. Ifom ephambili yamanzi olwahlula mathafa waba Mueldy.

Namawa ekhonyayo zimelwe kumazwekazi conglomerates polymictic ebomvu. rocks Soil-yakheka zahlukene. Kwi kumathambeka nonobubele abakhoyo iidipozithi eluvial of texture enzima.

Phakathi isiza lubonisa iintlobo ezilishumi zomhlaba. Isiseko umhlaba enze umhlaba kumazantsi abamnyama abaphuma. Lé wamatye ifikelela kubantu abamalunga nama-38 cm, apho umxholo nehumasi uza-8%.

Uthungelwano lokuhlola amanzi yenziwe kakuhle kakhulu lubonakala ugeleza rhoqo. Oku limelwe efikelela kuyo imilambo ezincinane, imithombo, amanzi okwexeshana. Kwindawo ekhuselweyo, kukho amachibi ezimbini Koskol kunye imvelaphi karst. Amanzi slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, apho kukho umthombo Kaynar (in Burtinskaya emathafeni), lelona nasemaphandleni emangalisayo. kanye umthombo idityaniswe ezinomtsalane eziphambili. indawo yayo bomhlaba wamanzi m²-15. Kuyinto enamandla, Woyikekayo uhlobo spring voklyuznogo akuthethi lome ngisho ebusika.

Burtinskaya emathafeni uthathwa benchmark Preduralsky unyuka kakhulu izidanga, ubume onduli. Le ndawo thaca lomfula umqadi ube mnye, mezhsyrtovo-intili, iintlobo yokubona syrt-obhudlayo.

Le flora impahlana ichonge izinto kunye edemikov gornostepnyh, ezifana clove phambene, astragalus Guelma, gornokolosnik scratchy kunye nabanye.

State Natural Reserve "Orenburg" kwi Burtinskaya emathafeni igcina abameli ezininzi enezityalo nezilwanyana. A iintlobo ubutyebi ezizodwa zezilo ezahlukeneyo. Afumaneka emhlabeni malunga ne-120 iintlobo zeentaka, kuquka iintlobo 51 ibamba yokwakha. Abameli kakhulu yoqobo zithathwa bustard encinane, emathafeni njengexhalanga, Indwe demoiselle, kestrel, Belladonna, ukhetshe ebomvu-ukulucanda ingalucandi kubini, harrier, icula emnyama.

Phakathi ezanyisayo bafumana iintlobo 24: oonomatse, marmots, loafers, hamsters, voles, pikas. Kwezi ezirhubuluzayo onokubonwa emathafeni lenyushu Bog nehobe.

indawo zembali zakudala izinto

Kwintsimi zendunduma yokungcwaba, lalo inkcubeko Sarmatian VII-III iinkulungwane. d. n. e. Le lesikhumbuzo ke ikwithafa kufuphi uphawu survey Mueldy "420,9 m." It ukhandwa zokungqinga-13, ezimbini leyo inkulu kakhulu kwaye ifikelele kubude 2.5 m ububanzi ne-40 m Ezinye iindonga phantse twatse :. Ubude 0.8 m kanye ububanzi ka-10 ukuya kuma-20 m.

Talovskaya emathafeni

Le ndawo ibekwe kwi kwisithili yokuQala mmandla, yaye li- ka 3200 eehektare. Kude kube 1988 kwabanjwa apho ngokulinganisela amahashe amadlelo, iigusha neenkomo. Kwakhona, kukho ihlobo iigusha yokupaka amadlelo kufuphi apho ukuthotywa kuhlaza nasentlabathini wafunyanwa.

Uncedo imbonakalo ezahlukeneyo mmandla, oko kwasekwa kakhulu Mesozoic. uhlobo yanamhlanje indawo ezifunyenwe ngethuba koqeqesho phantsi kweempembelelo iinkqubo denudation elabangela ukunyuka kulo mmandla.

Ndiyila rocks kuveza clays ezithile ulwandle saline ephakamileyo. Ummandla okhuselweyo ibekwe kwi inguqu ukusuka chernozem ukuya emihlabeni nezompleyini emnyama. Kumathambeka emyoli watersheds zingaba imihlaba eliphakathi-calcareous.

Orenburg nature reserve ezahlukeneyo emathafeni Talovskaya okwanamhlanje kuphuhliswa hydrography. River networks zimelwe Imijelo kuphela okwexeshana. Yeyona ziimbaxa imilambo kunye Malaya Talovaya Sadomna, ngaphakathi ke intsimi, abayi opha rhoqo. Kwakhona akukho abonakalisa aphantsi komhlaba.

Talovskaya emathafeni i emaqeleni benchmark Zavolzhskaya-phambene. indawo isakhiwo Physical kwakhiwa syrt-plakor, interfluvial lihlangana kunye lomfula uhlobo girder.

ezikhumbuzo zembali zakudala isabelo

Kwi kummandla kukho zendunduma yokungcwaba, kuthiwa inkcubeko Sarmatian. Izakufunyanwa ngasemntla-ntshona umda lwesiza kwinqanaba 198,9 m. Eli lixabiso ekhethekileyo yakudala, leyo equka reserve "Orenburg".

UMlawuli kwindawo ekhuselweyo

IMbasa uMphathiswa Resources Natural kunye Lemvelo eli lizwe Agasti 19, 2013 umalathisi reserve okhethwe Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Le oyingcaphephe enkulu, PhD, umnxibelelanisi yeprojekthi UN emathafeni kwinqanaba lengingqi, unjingalwazi, intloko yesebe yomthetho i-Agricultural University lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo uyasebenzisana Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov uyahluka umdla onyanisekileyo kwimpumelelo yemisebenzi. Ingaba ubuchule semvelo kunye namandla obungapheliyo; kungoko loo ndawo ekhuselweyo baya kuba nempumelelo kuphela.

Orenburg State Reserve usezandleni ezilungileyo. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba umsebenzi ukunikezelwa umlawuli omtsha. Umsebenzi olwenziwa kwi reserve inokufumaneka kumajelo eendaba. Babalaselisa iinkqubo zendalo ibakho emathafeni, zokusingqongileyo iziganeko, ukhuphiswano, ukupapasha izibhengezo. Ngenxa kule yolondolozo lwendalo ezitsala abakhenkethi abaninzi.

iinkqubo uhambo olufutshane

Xa utyelela yemvelo engafani izinto abantu kuphela simazi neemeko ezizodwa lwendalo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo. Ebudeni hambo, iindwendwe uqonde ubu ulwalamano zayo, destructible ngokulula phantsi kwempembelelo womntu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-bucala aye ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezine excursion emfundo kwaye ulwazi. Eli "Igcwele World" kwelentshona ye-Urals, ummandla kwelentshona ye-iVolga, Urals ekumazantsi, Urals.

imfuyo

Reserve "Orenburg" uye fauna egqalwa okufana zasekuhlaleni. It limelwe ntlobo zilandelayo ezilwanyana emathafeni:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladonna.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki njalo njalo.

Orenburg Reserve, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo aphantsi kokhuselo ezizodwa, nayo iqulethe uphawu iintlobo ezininzi ommandla yehlathi avuthulukayo. Le mouse European lokhwalimanzi, iimbila, ingqawa, kestrel, istokhwe-ihobe, icula, Scops Owl, iinkuni nevukuthu. Kwakhona, kwindawo yolondolozo eyayihlala ngabameli semi-entlango, ingakumbi, lokhwalimanzi elide-eared, intaka encinane. Maxa wambi kukho ummeli eliqaqambileyo kweentlobo kumathafa - owl nekhephu.

indawo zasendle bale mihla ezahlukeneyo esisityebi kakhulu. Apha thaca ezanyisayo - malunga 48 iintlobo, iintaka - iintlobo 190 nezezinambuzane - 7 iintlobo zezilwanyana eziphila - Ziintlobo ezi-5 iintlanzi - iintlobo-6, iintlobo 1,000 izinambuzane. Orenburg Reserve, ogama ifoto siboniswa apha ngezantsi, ukuthatha unonophelo yonke eziphilayo.

Kuba ezanyisayo iquka iintlobo ezisixhenxe ezidla, 23 - iimpuku 3 - Amalulwane 9 - karhataka 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. Malunga 15 iintlobo zezi zilwanyana zixhaphakile kuzo zonke iinkalo kummandla okhuselweyo. Phakathi kwabo, marmots, oonomatse emhlabeni, voles, iimpuku, lemming, impuku ezinde, nempuku, impungutye, ingcuka, nembila, nembila, polecat, weasel, Korsak.

Flora

Reserve "Orenburg" iqulethe iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-600 besive kwihlabathi izityalo. Eli nani malunga ne-40% yenani lilonke kweentlobo enezityalo ezikhulayo kulo lonke endle. Phakathi kwabo kakhulu iimeko indima asengozini. Xa Red Book of lizwe ezithathwa iintlobo-23 zezityalo. iintlobo ezininzi enezityalo ezihlala kwindawo yolondolozo, jonga entabeni-emathafeni Petrophytes umzekelo kopeechnik serebrolistny, cloves phambene, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Reserve "Orenburg 'linentsingiselo ekhethekileyo kwilizwe lethu. On nommandla wayo babekwazi ukulondoloza inkqubo ekhethekileyo eziphilayo-mhlaba izowuni emathafeni i inkangala. It is a kwihlabathi apho kungekho unxunguphalo nokuphazamiseka, ubukumkani endalo kunye nemvisiswano, nto leyo ibaluleke ukulondoloza.