Douglas McGregor: igalelo kulawulo

Njengoko i ingcali bengqondo PhD loluntu Douglas McGregor ixesha elide inxaxheba kwimiba yolawulo. Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, igama lakhe liye enxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne ngcamango zikrelekrele kule ndawo.

Ngelishwa, Douglas McGregor igalelo kulawulo wenza kubulela kuphela umsebenzi omnye ogqityiweyo. Lo msebenzi kuphela ukuba izazinzulu sinokucinga ihlabathi phambi kokufa wamthabatha ebomini kunyaka-57. Theory X and Y Douglas McGregor kunye needrafti eziliqela lwamanqaku angakhange zigqityiwe, - ilifa kuphela kwabantu American.

Ingcamango esisiseko ye-X-McGregor

Douglas McGregor wenza nokucingela ezimbini malunga nokuziphatha ngemvelo kwabantu. Ebudeni isifundo, wathi, kangangoko zinakho iphindene yobuntu.

Ngoko ke, ithiyori X Douglas McGregor kuthatha imbono embi ngabantu.

Njengoba kunjalo umntu othile:

• na ukuzondelela (nokuba ukusa kumkhamo encinane, lo msebenzi osemqoka kuqhelekile kubantu bonke);
• Ayithandi ukusebenza;
• efuna ukuphepha uxanduva;
• Kunokuba ukusebenza ngempumelelo kuphela xa kolawulo olungqongqo.

Ingcamango esisiseko ye Y McGregor

Ngenxa yoko, ithiyori Y Douglas McGregor ababalasele umntu kwindawo entle ngayo.

Ibonisa umntu, njengokuba umntu ekwazi uku:

• lokuzimela umbutho;
• uthathe uxanduva;
• ukuqonda umsebenzi into yendalo, nto leyo enokuthelekiseka kunye umdlalo okanye abanye.

Ezi ziye ethunyelwe ngokusekelwe kuphando.

Esicacisa Ipharamitha theory

Kukho iqela lemiba ezisisiseko, leyo lukuhlahlela Douglas McGregor. Imfundiso x no y isekelwe phezu kwimisebenzi ye-Executive emsebenzini. Uphando olu lwaye lwafumanisa ukuba kukho abathile parameters ezichaza izenzo of the Executive. Ukuthatha phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, lo ulawulo uyakwazi ukulawula kunye nezenzo baphantsi kwabo.

Ezi parameters zisekelwe:

• iingxaki abangaphantsi eyenziwe;
• ixesha amathuba omsebenzi;
• inkolelo olugcinwe yi-phantsi, ukuqinisekisa kokufumana umvuzo;
• njengoko awuqhube ngayo umsebenzi umsebenzi;
• kulindeleke ngexesha lokubulawa umsebenzi;
• nemibutho yabasebenzi (isangqa yangaphakathi), nto leyo uphumeza umsebenzi lakho;
• mali kubonelelwe yokuba awuqhube ngayo umsebenzi;
• imiyalelo esikhutshwe ngabalawuli;
• iinkolelo likhoboka ekubeni bonke kunokwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi;
• Umvuzo aqinisekisiwe yokusebenza umsebenzi ngempumelelo;
• inqanaba owayamileyo inxaxheba kule ndawo yeengxaki ezinxulumene umsebenzi.

Douglas McGregor wavakalisa uluvo lokuba imimiselo enxulumene kwithiyori Y, kufutshane inyaniso. Bona ngokuchanekileyo bamele abasebenzi, ngoko, ukuba la malungiselelo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo xa ukwakha imigaqo yolawulo kunye nezenzo.

Theory X: amalungiselelo yayo engundoqo

Imiqathango ephathelele kwithiyori X, zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ngenxa yobume bayo, abasebenzi kufuneka sengqondo esibi kakhulu ukusebenza. Bazama ngandlela zonke ukuba ayiphephe; ukuba oku iimeko feature.
2. Ukuphumeza iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo abangaphantsi kufuneka kunyanzeleka ukuba asebenze. Umqeshwa kufuneka ibe phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo. Kungenjalo, oku kusetyenziswa isigwebo uphumezo kakuhle umsebenzi.
3. Abaqeshwa abenza i Amaqhinga lokubaleka ngoxanduva nca kuzo. Ngakumbi balandele lo msebenzi ifuna isikhokelo ngokusesikweni phantse lonke ixesha apho uze kule ndawo.
4. Kuqala for uninzi kumele kuqala zonke azive lokhuseleko, kwaye ngoko zonke ezinye izinto sizibandakanya msebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo kunqabile ukubonisa namabhongo enkulu.

Ithiyori: amalungiselelo yayo engundoqo

Le ngcamango ka-Douglas McGregor iquka malungiselelo alandelayo:

1. Imbono yomsebenzi eyamkelwe abasebenzi ngendlela yemvelo efanayo kumdlalo okanye iholide.
2. Ngaphandle abasebenzi nokuzinikela inkampani yakhe ingqalelo yakhe ukwenza isiphumo entle inkqubela akuyi kufuneka ezongezelelweyo isikhokelo kunye nokuphunyezwa phezu inxalenye kolawulo.
3. Ngokwezibalo umntu avareji banokufunda ukuthatha uxanduva ngezenzo zabo, baze bafunde indlela yokuphuhlisa umnqweno wakhe.
4. Phakathi ubuchule zoluntu ukwenza izigqibo ezilungileyo kakhulu kwandile. Leli khono kungaphela sizalwa abaphathi abasebenzi.

Theory X: ingcaciso indawo yokuqala

Douglas McGregor uphawula ukuba amalungiselelo leyo ezendeleyo kwithiyori X, eziqhelekileyo kuluncwadi imibutho. Enyanisweni, izenzo zolawulo kunye nemigaqo esetyenziswayo la malungiselelo kunqabile kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuba umntu avareji ozalwa ingqondo ukutyiwa yomsebenzi, McGregor wayekwazi ukufumana imbali yale zokubonelelwa ukuchonga aksenti, okhokela abaphathi. Bavakalisa inkxalabo malunga imithamo yemveliso kungenzeka kuphela. Oku kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo elikhethekileyo kumvuzo ngamnye. indima yayo ibonisa ukuba isiseko sale nkqubo kukuba inkolelo yokuba kunye nenkokheli iinzame eziyimfuneko zokulwa kwabantu bachasele kude umsebenzi.

Theory X: ingcaciso yobume yesibini

Ukususela imveliso ngasentla imeko yesibini. Ngenxa Ukungavumi ongaphakathi lwabantu emsebenzini, kukho imfuneko intshukumo ethile ngakwicala yolawulo.

Ezi zenzo zezi:

• enyanzela umntu ukuba enze umsebenzi;
• ukusebenzisa ulawulo;
• aqondise izenzo zakhe;
• indlela malunga ezininzi abantu ukuxhaphaza nkqubo.

Zonke ezi zenzo ijoliswe abantu ngokunyanzelwa ekwenzeni igalelo layo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zombutho ngokubanzi.

Kulo mzekelo, kwisigqibo kukuba inkqubo umvuzo akuyongqinisekiso yokuba ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo imisebenzi yabasebenzi. Nayo sezizathu isenokuba kungaba usongo kuphela ezifumana isohlwayo. Kwaye konke oku kuvela inkolelo yokuba abantu bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi kuphela phantsi kwempembelelo yesinyanzelo lwangaphandle kunye nolawulo.

Theory X: ingcaciso indawo yesithathu

indawo yesithathu ibonisa ukuba umntu avareji ukhetha lilawulwe. Woyika uxanduva, oko zimpawu bubukho namabhongo ezithile kunye nomsebenzi wayo ijolise ikakhulu nokhuselo.

Nangona amaxabiso kwezentlalo nezopolitiko of America ibonisa ubukho iimpawu ifanelekileyo kumntu oqhelekileyo, inkoliso abaphathi kubomi lokuphila inkolelo yokuba "ubunzima laliphakathi nje."

Ngenxa kwamagatya ezabelwe McGregor ayenzi iinzame ukungqina ukuba nkqubo asinto abstract ngokwasengqondweni. Oku kwande kwizenzo zolawulo yehlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ukucaciswa evela ithiyori

Izibonelelo ngaphakathi kwenkululeko kwithiyori X, ziye wagxeka McGregor. Ngokutsho kwithiyori Y, umntu uchitha amandla akhe engqondweni nasemzimbeni, kungekuphela ukuphumla okanye umdlalo, kodwa ngomsebenzi uthetha uhlobo yale ahamba ngayo ngokwesiqhelo. Ngoko ke, lo mntu-avareji akayi kubonisa ubutshaba lo msebenzi.

Imfuneko ulawulo lwangaphandle kwezi meko iyapheliswa. Lo mntu uza kuba kuxhomekeka yokuzilawula kunye nokuzeyisa, ukuba banoxanduva umsebenzi kwemivuzo, nto leyo inxibelelanisa ngamnye kunye impumelelo yayo. Yaye ke inxenye umvuzo sixabisekileyo yomntu ngenxa yemizamo yabo ke ingqiqo ngokwanelisa iimfuno self-Ukuqonda kunye self-isiqiniselo.

Kuyinto ukuzimesela isiseko ekuphumezeni iinjongo wombutho kwi-sikhokelo kwithiyori W.