World Snow Queen - yiyo into Tundra

Yintoni kumathafa? Iguqulwe kwi tunturi Finnish lithetha "Neendawo ezinetyuwa", "ezweni lotshaba" okanye "ithafa ukubonakalsa" Ngamafutshane, indawo ka kuyo. Ideas ngayo, inkoliso yabantu azezi ingcaciso ayifumene kwikharityhulam - ubulembu, adle, permafrost, ulele - kwaye zonke phaya kwindawo ethile, kude ukuya emntla. Ulwazi kwiinkqubo TV ethandwayo, uthi izisongelo (izakhiwo becala) ukuba ezinxulumene global warming.

Endless entlango ngekhephu

Emathafeni kungachazwa njengentlango ebandayo, ifumaneka ehlabathini North Pole. Abanye bathi umda wakhe akumazantsi Arctic, umntu - intsimi iqhele ngaphandle hlathi. Nganye kwezi ngxelo ichaza ngokuchanekileyo oko emathafeni.

ERashiya oko nomcu km 300 ukuya ukuzolula km 500 ukusuka kwi wethu Strait kwi kwimpuma eFinland, ukuya ngasentshona. Kuquka imimandla Arctic Arctic, kumathafa lugubungela malunga ne-10% yomhlaba isibhakabhaka lwelizwe lethu. lonke unxweme i-Arctic Ocean kuhlawulwa ngalo band, sincinane kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya eSiberia jikelele; Ndasithimba inxalenye kumantla eKamchatka.

Ixesha kakhulu kakhulu

Yintoni na le kumathafa ebusika? Ngeli xesha imozulu iba kusichaphazela ngakumbi - amaqondo kufika kulo kwinxalenye yeSiberia degrees -51. Bona mandundu yi imimoya, leyo ngenxa yokungabikho leentaba ngaphezulu okanye endilisekileyo ngaphantsi izikhanyiso ezindulini. Alternating amathafa, nezihlambo kwi imephu ziphawulwe ngombala oluhlaza, nolwenzelwa ngokupheleleyo ummandla emathafeni. Le ilanga lingaphumi konke konke, ubusuku elide polar sihlala iinyanga 8-9. Eli lixesha inzima zommandla zasendle.

Ukusuka "Blizzard black" ukufihla yonke into: Abantu, izilwanyana kunye neentaka ezinqabileyo. Emva iziphango zineminyaka iiveki, into eyenza kwintlango ngekhephu, efaniswe imbonakalo esantini, njengoko ukhuselo amancinci kakhulu kwaye sikwimo uhambisa, leyo ukuba umphandi enye ukuya kumathafa ukubiza ngokuba "ilizwe kwiinduli ikhephu."

Ixesha kunye ingcongconi iintaka ezizalayo

Kufika abandayo emantla zasehlotyeni amaqondo aphezulu elingadlulanga degrees-10, kodwa ilanga Akabusithelisanga kwaphela - kuza ubusuku ezimhlophe, nto leyo kuthabatha iintsuku 64. Umaleko phezulu bekhephu nomkhe-, ukwakha ukuchitheka ezincinane engaphele ndawo, alithe gangqa 50-100 namachibi cm apho abantu basekuhlaleni ngokungenaloyiko esiphambanweni kwibhanka yakhe. Nomkhe- kwaye uza ebomini macala onke.

umhlaba emathafeni into ethile kakhulu - malunga permafrost ezi gley kunye nomgquba lawo amancinci. Okukodwa kukuba amanzi umi, lo komphunga a, amaqondo obushushu ezincinane phantsi musa ukuvumela iintsalela zesityalo ibole kwaye ukubola. Kwezulu intwana encinane ukuya kwi-250 mm ngonyaka, kodwa ke amanzi zinyibilikisiwe kumphezulu womhlaba akanayo ixesha ngumphunga. Konke oku kunegalelo ukuyilwa imigxobhozo, ezo inombolo ongapheliyo apha.

Kwaye apha lubabalo

Yintoni na le kumathafa ehlotyeni? Indalo yonke yalo mmandla kungenxa ubude eli thuba - izityalo kufuneka ixesha ottsvesti ukunika imbewu. Nguwo lowo ihlabathi adle moss, sedges kunye ulele, kukho irozmeri kunye noHeather, ezinde ezincinanana kunye willow shaggy. Imithi asezantsi, kuba iingcambu andinako ukuzisindisa emhlabeni.

Ekwindla omkhulu kumasimi blueberry intsimi oluhlaza Zinokuxutywa cloudberry-orenji, crowberry kakhulu kunene, xa ilizwi, berry kwiparadesi - yiloo nto lo emathafeni. Ukuzimisela kule ngingqi njengoko ubukumkani iingcongconi kuyinyaniso kuba zezulu ubungakanani ezi zinambuzane kwi kumathafa ayikho ngaphaya. Clouds midges ezahlukeneyo kunye inyosi enkulu enoboya emantla ugqibezele lo mfanekiso. Inani engenasiphelo of zomngundo. Oku konke kukutya kweentaka. Emathafeni kubo - indawo yokwakha.

Izigidi iintaka achitha ihlobo mfutshane apha. Kukho abaninzi, ngokutsho okuzibonela, amachibi ke weentaka njengekhephu-amhlophe, nkcwe ngamarhanisi. Apha yokwakha njengeyona nesangxa, ptarmigan nekhephu Bunting, ama, mantshontsho kunye guillemots. Bondliwa kuphela ziingcongconi. Northern ulwandle, amachibi kunye imigxobhozo of kumathafa uzele ziintlanzi (Intlanzi, nesalmon) saselwandle esineqokobhe. Ukususela usapho kweempuku bahlala Lemmings emathafeni.

Ukuba uthwebula amasimi esiluhlaza kunye amaqunube-orenji, iintaka emnyama namhlophe edikeni, ukubonisa ukuba kumathafa, ifoto iza kuba yimpumelelo gqitha. Asinto izilwanyana abaziintsizana ndawo. Adle and fox emhlophe, iisimboli entla, zifumaneka apha nangokomthamo mda. Coast - umbuso amabhere kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezikhulu ezifana isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade.

Imozulu, kwaye nalo ubume, etshintsha ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, nenamathafa yohlulwe sub-zayimimandla emithathu: Arctic, ulele, moss kunye noMzantsi ityholwana. Nkqu izihloko ibonisa indlela ihlabathi izityalo njengoko umgama ukusuka North Pole.

A ukwandiswa lemvelo kumathafa

Ke iqala mmandla, kancinci kakhulu iyahluka ukusuka kuloo ezichazwe ngasentla. Yintoni eyetundra ihlathi kumathafa? Zahluke? Ezinye iingcali awuyifumani kakhulu umahluko ize eyesibini ibizwa ngokuba ongu- yokuqala. Eneneni, umahluko mncinane. Ibhekisa zone, kumathafa sub-Arctic kunabela uphinda ngokupheleleyo kumzantsi umda kumathafa, ububanzi balo iyahluka ukusuka-30 ukuya kweziyi-300 km. lobushushu avareji yonyaka apha nje degrees 8-10, imithi nemisele yamanzi ephantsi ezinqabileyo. Kodwa njengokuba kumathafa eza kufutshane amahlathi coniferous, nommandla osemazantsi ngayo kwakhona ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kuhlawulwa ngabo, oko kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba sub-zone hayi kumathafa, kunye hlathi.