Red Army counter-ekhubekisayo kufuphi eMoscow. EMoscow babutha Back

Underestimation kotshaba - kusoloko impazamo enkulu nkqu endle ekhatywayo, singasathethi imfazwe enkulu. Kwiinzame lizuze yiSoviet Union kwi xesha lifutshane kangangoko, ukuze uqonde ebizwa ngokuba blitzkrieg, umyalelo omkhulu ku Germany lizama. Impumelelo kuqala wajika intloko Wehrmacht: amajoni aseJamani kufuphi eMoscow phantse ekupheleni kwehlobo, kwaye kufuneka ukuba uHitler wayecinga ukuba iqhinga kwenziwa. Kodwa ikomkhulu yayinzima kakhulu kuye. Yaba enye abaphambukela iingongoma Stadelhofenplatz itshintshe lemfazwe yaye wahlawula matshi noloyiso German zibhabha elihlazo, leyo baphela ngokuzibulala i uMlawuli.

Xa Umhlaba ujikeleza eyadlulayo

Sele zokulwa badiniwe iqhele okuqhubekayo oluBomvu Army bekufanele ukuba uzive, ngokutsho amaJamani, nokuwa. Noko ke, amaNazi ngokwabo sidiniwe. Nakuphi na ilahleko okanye bephethe umkhosi Soviet, nesibindi zifakwe kwakungenakwenzeka. Emva kokuba ya iintsuku zokuqala mpi yonke intshi welizwe loonyana babantu bakowabo, i-Red Army lalwa.

Le ukuziphendulela yobuqhawe komzi (ezifana edume Mogilev) - ubungqina ilungileyo. Kalula ngayo amaJamani bafudukela empumalanga, kwabonakala ngeendlela ezininzi. Le iilahleko ezinkulu, kodwa Wehrmacht wayekholelwa ukuba abavikeli baseMoscow kwimeko nokuba awayedimazekile ngakumbi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ekuqaleni kobusika, kwacaca ukuba ngaphambili angasolula, imikhosi basasazekileyo, amaJamani kodwa kujongwe ukuthatha lohlaselo kufuphi eMoscow: lokufakwa kweengqukuva kubaluleke kuphela emkhosini, kodwa kwengqondo.

Urhulumente waseSoviet uyayiqonda iingozi, kwaye kucacile ukuba ingcamango ukwenza umzekelo Kutuzov - ngomlilo loo mzi kwaye ndiwunikezela elutshabeni - kwezinye ezingqondweni babhadula, yaye ngamandla. Emva ekuqaleni Oktobha, kwakukho isicwangciso ukutshabalalisa Moscow Metro: isikhululo ekujongwe ukuba ukujongela, izixhobo - ukuyiqhaqha, iimoto - bakhuphe ngasemva. October 15 General Abasebenzi lezoKhuselo yamkela isigqibo ukufudusa ikomkhulu ne-16 ngexesha lokuqala (kwaye kuphela) ayi veli kwimbali metro eMoscow. Le owangena isixeko amarhe esichazela yabantu woyika.

Yayalela ukutshatyalaliswa sikaloliwe irhoxisiwe ngokuhlwa 16 Oktobha: Stalin wagqiba ekubeni sihlale. Ngelo xesha, ngaphambili ityala nangoku abayi kakuhle. Kubikwe mpumelelo fascists lowo wadibana ngoDisemba 1941, kufuphi eMoscow, kwaye kwabonakala ukuba Wehrmacht anyusele iinzame lokugqibela iqinisekisa uloyiso. Enyanisweni, yaba ngenye indlela. Not uzimisele ukunikela USSR wanamathela yonke esigingqini. Front ibanga amawaka eekhilomitha, kwaye nangona amandla eziphambili isiJamani yayigxile nje ukuya ngasempuma (ukunyaniseka, Yurophu hayi kakhulu bamelane), ekupheleni ekwindla, kwacaca ukuba yozingiso ukoyisa eSoviet Union akuphumelelanga.

Ukulungiselela lo nyaka

Ngelo xesha , i eSoviet umyalelo singalahlekani isipho ixesha elungiselela enkulu-isikali counter uxambuliswano ye-Red Army kufuphi eMoscow. Nkqu phakathi ekwindla, kungekhona iimeko zivuma apho empini enzima luthathe indawo, i Umyalelo Ephakamileyo wafumana indlela ukwenza echibini a imikhosi nedazini nokomeleza sele ukulwa. Ngelo xesha linye ingqalelo yahlawulwa yokuba amandla amatsha azikho ukuze bazikhusele, kodwa ncam koko. Bachitha ngokonga kakhulu, kunye namagosa bafumana imiyalelo ecacileyo ukulungiselela amadoda akhe idabi phantsi kuhlaselwa.

Xa kokwindla, kwacaca ukuba Wehrmacht babedlala out: kwangaphambili ngokukhawuleza zixinge, kwaye kwezinye ukuzolula ngayo ngaphambili, amajoni Soviet wakwazi ibangela umonakalo omkhulu amaNazi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukulibala malunga kumbhiyozo kukuba kokuba kuthinjwe eMoscow. Iziseko Soviet waba some kwiindawo apho bekumele ukuba enze. Ukomelezwa ilungelo kunye emihlubulweni abasindileyo Front Koloni, nto leyo kwakuthetha indima ephambili yokusebenza elizayo, umzekelo, kwezintathu ngaphezu ezimbini yonke inqwelo-moya leyo ebandakanyekileyo e Moscow, uya ukunceda zhukov.

ukusebenza ngempumelelo ekuqaleni

Kwakubalulekile ukuba ukumisela ukuba ukuqala xa counter uxambuliswano ye-Red Army kufuphi Moscow, yaye ndimele ndithi ukuba kulo mcimbi umyalelo yiSoviet saboniswa italente obalaseleyo emkhosini. Njengoko bathi, inkokeli akrelekrele zomkhosi uyazi ngubani ukwenza izigqibo bakuzile kuphela kodwa ngokuchanekileyo. Xa kusebusika, izimo ayikwazanga kuphumelela ngakumbi. line eziyimfuneko izakhiwo zokuzikhusela akakho, kwaye umyalelo efanelekileyo sifunyenwe (iza kuhamba, kodwa kuphela ngoDisemba 8, xa amajoni ekhubekisayo kufuphi eMoscow yathatha iintsuku ezintathu, kwaye sincame ixesha ezixabisekileyo).

Phantsi isicwangciso umsebenzi kwi-Western Front ukuba ziphumeze uthotho ayekelele kuphosa umva utshaba ngasekunene nangasekhohlo (kwicala Solnechnogorsk, Istra, Klin, Bogoroditsk kunye neeyunithi).

Le iikhompawundi ze-zantsi Front kwafuneka ukuba anganyathela uDace, yaye ukuba uphumelele, ukuphuhlisa oko Orel. Phambili wesithathu, abathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, - Kalininskij - efunyenweyo ekulweni mission mazifikelele kunye nokuhlaliswa Mikulino Turginovo ithemba kuba ngasemva imigca lutshaba.

Air Force Kwakhona kwakufuneka enze umsebenzi onzima, kwelinye icala, ukuxhasa counteroffensive yiSoviet kufuphi Moscow, kwelinye - ukukhusela ikomkhulu evela ukuhlasela ukuba waqhelana kubahlali ngosuku lokuqala imfazwe. Kwi-moya wabelwa ukuba kukho imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ubukrelekrele. Ngokubanzi, i-BBC wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulo msebenzi, inxalenye enkulu lokugqiba ngesiphumo edabini.

Ibhalansi ye imikhosi

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba nokomelezwa omathathu amanqanaba ababandakanyekayo kulo msebenzi, wanikwa njengeyona prayorithi, ukongama amaNazi namanje kubonakala. imikhosi Soviet enasilela kwamanani kwaye (ingakumbi) iingalo.

Lohlaselo Iqela ukulahlwa yaba abasebenzi angamakhulu amathandathu amawaka ezimbalwa (1.7 - fascists, 1.1 - i-Red Army), imipu kuphela 7,6 lamawaka mortars nxamnye 13.5 amawaka amaJamani, 774 amatanki nxamnye .. 1.17 amawaka. utshaba. Ukuphakama kuphela Aviation: iinqwelomoya German - 615 Soviet - 1000. Kodwa ke, linamafutha siphaphazela neoli wayekho, kuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha (53%) -moya ye-Red Army le abameli endala, hayi kakuhle kakhulu, ukulungisa.

Kuvuthelwa main ukufumene nelisemihlubulweni ye isiJamani "Centre". Ngexesha iimfazwe elide baba kakhulu ezihlelelekileyo: phantse zonke macala engqongwe ngumkhosi yiSoviet.

ntwala engalindelekanga

inqala yaba angala: ekuqaleni ekhawuntaleni-zimphathe utshaba yinto epheleleyo. Kufuneka utshilo okokuba amalungiselelo ukuze ugwayimbo lwaqhutywa kwi emfihlekweni ingqongqo, yaye kwakungekho amaJamani akukho indlela nokuba amathamsanqa ahambe izicwangciso rate eSoviet.

Iingcali amakhulu empi - ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle - ukuqaphela ukuba Moscow Ubetha Umva ubukhulu becala kwenzeka ekuqaleni yimpumelelo kakhulu msebenzi. Ahlaselwe yase umkhosi utshaba, babengenalo ixesha lukhuni. Uqwalaselo umgca ngaphambili, apho emihlubulweni utshaba zaye phantse singqongwe, wanika ithuba inkulu Red Army - yaye basebenzisa kubo.

Eyokuqala ngoDisemba 5, esithokothokweni .Kuma, hit uqhagamshelo esibizwa Front, ngosuku olulandelayo, exhaswa nabaphumi-Koloni zantsi. Ekuqaleni kancane wazibonela amaJamani bakwazi ukumisela ifayini bamelene babesilwela indawo yonke enqatyisiweyo. Movement Kyea kunye needipozithi ikhephu: Kuhle ukuba kude kwingoma engqushiweyo, yaye benza iba yingxaki kakhulu. Nzima ngenxa yokuba Idabi eMoscow ngo-1941-1942. Yaba lohlaselo yokuqala enkulu ye-Red Army: amajoni Soviet phambi ngonaphakade nazo kakhulu amava esahlukileyo, aninako ukukhonza igalelo.

Noko ke, ingxokolo utshaba ukuyeka - nakuba sikho ubunzima kwaye umbingelelo omkhulu. Ngosuku lokuqala ekulweni ezinye khompawundi wakwazi ukuwela iVolga amsongele ngasemva utshaba.

kuphumelela

Counter uxambuliswano ye-Red Army kufuphi eMoscow waqalisa ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza isantya ngosuku lwesibini emva ekuqaleni kwalo. 1 and 30 Army yodwa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ngendlela Klina, 20 Ndiyasukela notshaba ngakwicala Solnechnogorsk kunye 16 - kwi Istra. Zisasebenza ukuya Tula ngempumelelo. I-10 Army, zixhaswa yi owamahashe kunye namatanki ngokungalindelekanga ngokukhawuleza babenyuka Stalinogorsk.

Luphuhliso olukhawulezayo izise abathile ukudideka kwi ezintlwini neyi kude lotshaba, zibonakala gidi. Musa ukulindela ukumelana ecacileyo eSoviet Union, uHitler akazange ukulungele usabele ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Umphumo waba eMoscow babutha Buyela. Kuphela -8 Disemba ukuya uMlawuli, njengoko besithi, waqonda ukuba impumelelo bokulwa lotshaba - isenzeko ayikho athile kwaye random, kodwa kucwangciswe ngocoselelo yaye uzilungiselele kakuhle. inani lawulo 39, wayalela umkhosi wakhe akhaliphileyo abafudukela sisuswa lonke Eastern Front.

Isizathu sokusilela izicwangciso olubonakala kubiza yonke ubusika efanayo Russian cishe leyo nkqu uNapoleon angabalisa izinto ezininzi ezinomdla. Herr Adolf ngesizathu sakhe ekhubekisayo ezithile ebizwa ngokuba 'yokuya ", ibhekisela neenzima kubonelelo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba idabi for eMoscow engabanga yimpumelelo. Thatha lohlaselo wayalela qela kuphela "South" Army, yaye ukuba imozulu ilulungele. Kodwa ke iqabaka 41 alifikeleli degrees 6 ngoNovemba, umkhuhlane kuphela ekuqaleni kuDisemba (yaba 28 degrees ngezantsi zero), kodwa njengoko bathi, intsimi efanayo kubo bonke. Kwaye ke ngaphambi ukuthetha ubusika Disemba 5 lunganga ncam echanekileyo.

Ezihlanjeni naphezu kweenduli

Ngelo xesha, advance lwaluqhubeka, kodwa yena akazange wanelisekile nangokuhamba Headquarters Ephakamileyo. Emva koko kwagqitywa ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo kangako rearguard, masenze iimfazwe, ukufumana layohlala amajoni aseJamani kwaye zibangela nezothuso ngequbuliso kule ngasemva. iiyunithi Mobile, ngokukodwa kwasekwa iqela wemikhosi, bandisa elibonakalayo: i-Red Army counter-ekhubekisayo kufuphi Moscow, yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngoku, zonke indawo esinqatyisiweyo na waphumla, ndaza ndayeka naye, bagaleleka phambili, eshiya rearguard German kwi Ezomva kulo propati, apho Isiphelo sakhe yayisele itywiniwe.

Kuba iintsuku ezine, ukususela nge-6 ukuya kwi-10 Disemba, amajoni Soviet wakhulula phantse amahlanu zokuhlala. A lot of lamatanki, imipu, iimoto kunye izithuthuthu baphosa layohlala iintshaba.

Ekugqibeleni Disemba 13 Sovinformburo wakwazi ukuthetha into elithozamisayo abemi balo. Iindaba ezilungileyo, Kakade ke, waphakamisa isimo salo Red Army kunye nokukhuthaza ithemba umphakathi, bona babemlandele inkqubela yalo umoya bated.

Impumelelo enkulu uloyiso wendawo esibizwa, apho 31 th Army kwaba bakwazi ukunciphisa phantse yonke indlela kumyalezo lwamaNazi. Xa 30 Army of the Western Front Kwathi, akusondela ukuba p. Lama, amaJamani washiya isixeko, esoyika encirclement.

Ekhuthazwe impumelelo, imikhosi Soviet njengoko utshaba napoddat ukuba kokurhoxa ibuye ibe isiphithiphithi; phantse zonke izixhobo waba ezandleni zamajoni Soviet. Disemba 16 esibizwa uye walawula Red Army.

impumelelo Local uloyiso qhinga

Inyanga emva kokuqalisa lohlaselo, Januwari 7, 1942, uqhagamshelwano esibizwa Front weza Rzhev, Selizharovo nezinyo ngokuthatha indawo qhinga ukuya kumantla ukubandezeleka iqela isiJamani "Centre".

Ngempumelelo ezo iintshukumo Western Front, leyo, yokulwa ukuxhathisa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha, ishushu kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini ihamba phambili. Disemba 12 wakhululwa Solnechnogorsk, 15 - Iverhe, 20 - Volokolamsk.

Isimo salo layohlala kusoloko kumshiya kangako. Kuyabonakala ukuba, akulolize, ngoDisemba 16, uHitler wakufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukongeza inombolo umyalelo 39 umyalelo wayo leyo aniwisele umthetho ukukhusela i "ubenokuqina nenkani" abambelele kuzo zonke iindleko njalo njalo. D.

nokuba ukuze enze, okanye amaJamani weza ezingqondweni zabo, kodwa bakwazi ukuzuza zintshula kuloo kumda endalo imilambo Lama kunye Ruza. Zonke iinzame baye basilela ukoyisa uxhathiso. I-Red Army kwafuneka ukuba bahlale apho size sifumane zintshula kuloo kwizithuba oyiswe.

Luqalile waba uncedo olukhulu, ngaphandle apho ngoloyiso eMoscow lungenziwa nzima kakhulu. Bahlasela icala lwamaNazi esoyiswa, zitshabalalisa warehouses German, olwenziwe kwesimo, ukufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo.

Kwi iphiko lasekhohlo Western Front, umkhosi waqalisa ekhubekisayo enkulu abasakhasayo kwicala ukulungela ukusebenza - a hub yothutho enkulu. Kucacile ukuba unciphise ayizange ivumelane amaJamani. Command "Centre", isigqibo sokuba ufumane zintshula kwi Oka ubambe umgca kuzo zonke iindleko, njengoko, eneneni, waxelela ozithandayo i Fuehrer kaThixo.

Liberation evela imisebenzi

Zhukov wayesazi kakuhle oko kuya kwenzeka, ngoko wayalela ukuba Maluwusukele utshaba, angavumeli ukuba kuphumla ukuze bafumane amadimoni. Ekuhambeni alwayo mission 49th Army, wohlukane kweelana ngamaNazi, wathabatha Tarusa ngomhla we-19 kuDisemba. It ikwazile nakanye - nokuba kwafuneka ukuba hit ngesiquphe ngasemva.

Ngelo xesha, Army 50 inkqubela ukulungela ukusebenza. unit Advanced mobile wabalekiselwa isixeko kodwa ngoDisemba 21, kodwa amaJamani abazalwanga izolo. Nje ezisithoba kweentsuku kamva, ngoDisemba 30, ukulungela wakhululwa ngokudibeneyo yimikhosi 49th kunye 50.

Ngu January 8 zakhutshwa Kozelsk, Belev, Meshchovsk kunye namanye zokuhlala ezincinci. ngaphandle koloyiko iiyunithi Red Army wawela Oka. I-Battle of eMoscow (1942), ukuba sele iphumelele. Noko ke, kwakusekho iminyaka ngeminyaka yemfazwe.

Musa ukuyiwisa i esprit de kwibutho labasebenzi amajoni eyalwa izintlu zantsi Front. Kwiintsuku ezilishumi emva kokuqalisa ukusebenza, baye phambili kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu ukuya ngasentshona, wafikelela ngaseludinini lomlambo. Kshen, bathimba amakhulu leeyunithi izixhobo zomkhosi yotshaba. Phantse ezingamakhulu amane kwiidolophu neelali (kubandakanywa yayinguDace kunye Efremov), ukuze buncothulwe umsebenzi.

Kakade ke, amaJamani abayi ukuba anikezele. Noko ke, ngoDisemba 26, bashiya Naro-Fominsk, 28 th - Balabanovo, uJan 2 - Maloyaroslavets, no-4-go- Borovsk.

Isiphumo kunye nokubaluleka edabini

Ngu January 8, 1942 Idabi Moscow, ngamafutshane, sele iphunyelelwe, waza waphumelela yakhiwe. Amajoni zifika imida Selizharovo - Ruza - Mtsensk baseJamani waluphosa umlinganiselo 200 km ukusuka eMoscow. Ngenxa yokusebenza zakhutshwa ngaphezu kwewaka zokuhlala, okusingqongileyo iye izakungenzeki Tula. Kuba ngenyanga, ngexesha eyathatha kwedabi eMoscow, amaJamani ubunzima ilahleko emikhulu - phantse amabini anamanci amawaka kubasebenzi (168 amawaka kuphela. Imikhosi Ground). aphulwa amatanki 11 kunye namacandelo nomkhosi ngaphezu mabini.

Yimeko ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yaba ulungelelwaniso ezilungileyo imiphambili ezintathu nenkxaso-moya - ngoko ke umyalelo lubonise italente kunye noqeqesho ezigqwesileyo.

amajoni Soviet yacaca kakhulu ukuba amarhe malunga "invincibility 'umkhosi Hitler, nto leyo ubeke phezu ngamadolo phantse yonke iYurophu, hayi nje yasentsomini. Ukuba kwamatanki isiJamani "aqhumisele umphefumlo elithozamisayo," yaye amajoni bayakwazi abhenele swiftness "Encomekayo".

Kakade ke, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba umbandezeli umfanekiso inhloko le. EMoscow ebudeni bemfazwe (hayi kuphela) mzi kuphela, kodwa luphawu kweelana karhulumente eSoviet.

Iimpumelelo eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ngenkani babehlangene USSR ngakumbi esebenzayo. Malingatshoni phambi yesibini lavulwa kuphela ngo-1944, akuthandeki ukuba kuyinyaniso ukuba singabhengeza ukuba uncedo ngokobugcisa kunye nezinye ke akufuneki.

Abancedisi ezinokwenzeka of the Third Reich of kokoyiswa kukaHitler kufuphi Moscow, phezu koko, kunyanzeleka ukuba nime ngxi elinde: umzekelo, eminye imithombo zithi Turkey, Japan kwimeko kokuba kuthinjwe eMoscow ukulungele ukujoyina ngokuphandle imfazwe nxamnye eSoviet Union. Emva ngokukhanywa ukusilela baza baseJamani namahlakani singanyangekiyo bazifihla, wakhetha ukuba ayeke ukuthatha inyathelo.

Ixabiso yesibali uxambuliswano ayikwazi nemikhuba: okokuqala, yaba lohlaselo wokuqala omkhulu-isikali i-Red Army. Ukusuka esemqoka nangokwasengqondweni bawujonga kwaba intuthuko enkulu. mbali abaninzi emkhosini bakholelwa ukuba idabi eMoscow ngokufutshane kodwa ibizwe ngokuba 'nqanaba kwemfazwe ", nto leyo kwangaphambili imiphumo yayo. Izigidi zabantu belizwekazi wabonakala ithemba lokugqibela.

Kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uloyiso ukholo owafaka ezintliziyweni amajoni ngokwabo. Ekugqibeleni babona ukuba ngaba ngokwenene ukuxhathisa amaJamani. Yaye nje ukuba abambe isikhundla, ukuze azuze kwintsimi ezilahlekileyo.