Psychologist Anna Freud: A Biography and Photo

Anna Freud, iifoto kunye iibhayografi zithiwe thaca kweli nqaku - intombi omncinane uSigmund Freud kunye nomfazi wakhe noMarta. Yena wazalwa ngo-1895, Disemba 3. Ngelo xesha imeko yemali lwentsapho kwakunzima, kwaye iingxaki zasekhaya kubaxa ukuzalwa komntwana yesithandathu. UMarta Freyd self-ekhokelwa nendlu, kwakunye ukukhathalela abantwana. Ukuze ndimncede endlwini Freud kaThixo waya kuhlala Minna, udade wabo. Waba umama yesibini ukuya Anna.

Impembelelo uyise

USigmund Kwanyanzeleka ukuba asebenze nzima kakhulu. Kuphela ngexesha leeholide, wafumana indlela yokunxibelelana nabantwana babo. Ekubeni ubawo Anna yaba mbasa iphezulu ingqalelo. Wazama ukuba ube ngcono.

ekufundeni

Ngowe-1901, uAnna usiwe kwisikolo sabucala. Emva kweminyaka emibini yezifundo apho ocande abanam. Ke Anna Freud ababhaliswe kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo abucala. Noko ke, akuzange kube ngokwaneleyo omnye ukuya prodlozheniya uqeqesho eyunivesithi - kufuneka aye aphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. WeMfundo ePhakamileyo Anna alikayifumani.

Yokulahlekelwa Sophie

Kuba intombazana iye yaba kakhulu-1911. Waza wayishiya indlu kayise, uSophie, udade wabo. Yaba ozithandayo kayise, yaye ezininzi iindwendwe yayo nangoko wamthanda ngale ntombazana. Sophie and Anna wahlala kwigumbi elinye kunye friendly kakhulu. Xa Sophie batshata, uAnna wayesele eneminyaka engama-16 ubudala. Sele kudlule iimviwo Lyceum. Woman bathuthunjiswe umbuzo njani bonke ikamva lakhe. Wayengekho mhle, wacinga zakhe iimpawu mhle maximalism ulutsha.

Uhambo, nokuqhubeka imisebenzi yezemfundo nokufundisa

Ngomhla icebiso uSigmund waya ukuya ukuze singaliva iingxingongo engqondweni yokuvela ezintsha. iinyanga ezi-5 Anna wachitha eItali, yaye emva wabuyela ekhaya, waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe. leemviwo zokugqibela wadlula ngowe-1914, yaye useleganelwe kwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo kumsebenzi wokufundisa.

Nolwazi psychoanalysis

USigmund wayenelisekile kunye njengekhondo intombi yakhe. Wacaphula intombazana oonobumba kuphela ezimbini nokusilela - overreliance kwi anganithi kunye uyagoba komzimba. Anne kuqala weva psychoanalysis kuyise xa wayeneminyaka engama-13 ubudala. Kamva, ebona ukuba intombi yakhe unomdla ngokunyanisekileyo, uSigmund wamvumela ukuba zibe izifundo zakhe kwaye nkqu ngexesha ulwamkelo izigulane. Kweli thuba ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1921 Wayibamba uhlahlelo kayise. Le ukuhlukunyezwa ziinqobo ezisesikweni psychoanalytic, kodwa igunya uSigmund akazange avumele abalandeli bakhe ukuba baveze angakholiswa yabo esidlangalaleni.

Emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, oonyana Freud zaye zathathwa umkhosi, kunye nentombi yakhe satshata. Anna ukubawo babo kuphela abantwana bahlala. Yena waba soloko umyeni.

Le mpumelelo lokuqala

Ukususela ngo-1918, wathabatha inxaxheba International Psychoanalytic Congress. Ilungu "Psychoanalytic Publishing House" (Department IsiNgesi) waqalisa ngo-1920. izinto zayo oxhulumene ngamaphupha ekhoyo kunye neengcinga ezimnandi. Anna uguqulelwa ethi "amaphupha ukuvuka" isiJamani J. Varendok.

Ngowe-1923 Anna wavula umsebenzi wayo. Kuye wayibeka endlwini apho utata wakhe wathabatha izigulane. Ngu uSigmund weza abadala, kunye Anna wayithabatha abantwana. Ekuso ulwabiwo credit ebuntwaneni psychoanalysis wakhe kwicala ozimeleyo practice. Zokwazisela ingcamango uyise, Anna Freud ijolise yonke ingqalelo yayo phezu komntwana. Ngapha koko, akukho ngaphantsi, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu nangaphezulu odinga uncedo yaye ubunzima ngendlela efanayo njengento omdala.

Kobunzima kumsebenzi oqeqeshelweyo

Ekuqaleni ngakubona kobunzima obuninzi kwimisebenzi yabo professional Anna Freud. Biography na wamiswa ekufumaneni imfundo zonyango. Ukunqongophala kuye sisithintelo ingqalelo. Zigmund Freyd psychoanalysis kubalelwa kanye ukuba bengqondo kunokuba amayeza. Noko ke, le ngcamango ayikho bonke. Ukongeza, uninzi labahlalutyi banemfundo zonyango. Ngoko, ukungabi Anna wakhe wakhangela engxakini enkulu. Ukuze oko ukuthumela izigulane. Le ntombazana kwafuneka aqale noonyana abahlobo babo kunye nezihlobo. Ngokusichazela ubunzima zokusebenza kunye nezigulane abaselula. Abadala baba nomdla unyango kwaye ukulungele ukuba uhlawule ngawo. Noko ke, umntwana kwakhokelela abazali Anna, ngoxa ngokufuthi nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe. Abantwana badla enolaka, akazange afune ukuthetha, Yayizimele phantsi kwetafile. Apha kwaye iluncedo Anna wazuza amava nokufundisa: wakwazi ukuba amalungiselelo abafundi kuye. Undixelele amabali zam izigulane esonwabisa, baye bamkela ingqalelo zabo, yaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, yaye yena nako ukungena phantsi kwetafile ukuthetha ebungqoleni kancinane.

Help uyise

Anna Freud ngequbuliso wafumanisa ngo-1923 ukuba uSigmund unomhlaza. Wangena ukuba kotyando, nzima ukopha enzima. Anna wathi uSigmund kufuneka uncedo lokufumana ekhaya. Ukwenzela ukuxhasa kuyise wayo, wazibeka nemizamo yokuzinikela. USigmund Freud ubukhulu becala ngenxa Anna unako ukuphila eminye iminyaka eli-16. 31 wenziwa utyando. Intombi yakhe, wakhangela emva kwakhe, waza waqhubeka nesabelo esikhulu ishishini layo. Anna iye olwenziwa ngeenkongolo ngamazwe endaweni uSigmund, uye ibhaso lakhe, ilesa incwadi iingxelo.

Ubuhlobo D. Burlingame

E Vienna ngo-1925 kwafika D. Burlingame-Tiffany. Le ntombi osisityebi usomashishini kunye Umsunguli Tiffany admirer of uSigmund Freud. Efika yena nabantwana bakhe abane, kodwa ngaphandle umyeni wakhe (yena waba nolwalamano ngomthwalo lowo). Anna Freud waba umama yesibini ebantwaneni bakhe, kunye nabatshana bakhe - baby USophie kaThixo, lowo wafa ngo-1920. Wayedlala kunye nabo, ehamba, waya yemidlalo yeqonga. D. Berling ngo-1928 bafudukela kwindlu Freud de kwasekufeni kwakhe (ngo-1979) babehlala apha.

Le ncwadi yokuqala

Ekupheleni kuka-1924 yaba kunobhala Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute Anna Freyd. Abantwana psychoanalysis - ngesihloko lweentetho zootitshala, wayifunda kwi ziko. Incwadi yokuqala Anna Freud yayiyilwe izifundo ezine. Libizwa ngokuba "An Introduction to ubuchule psychoanalysis komntwana." Le ncwadi yapapashwa ngowe-1927.

inzima

1930 kwakunzima ukuhamba psychoanalytic, kunye nentsapho Freud yakhe. "Psychoanalytic Publishing House", nto leyo yayisekelwe iminikelo ezinkulu 1920 yokuqala, ngowe-1931, yaye phantse zonakale. It wasinda kuphela imigudu eyenziwa Anna Freud.

"Psychology I nethintela"

Ngowe-1936, umsebenzi omkhulu theoretical component uphando sapapashwa. Anna Freud ( "Psychology I kunye neendlela zokhuselo") ababemelene noluvo lokuba into psychoanalysis - zingqondweni kuphela. Iba "Mna" - embindini sezingqondweni. Ngaloo ndlela Psychoanalysis Anna Freud ebalasele ezintsha nto.

yamaNazi

Phezu Yurophu ngeli xesha amafu bahlanganisana udushe. Emva kokuba uHitler eqala ukubusa, isalelo unenzondelelo psychoanalysis kunye nemibhalo uSigmund ziye zitshiswe. Psychoanalysts, ingozi sibona ke washiya Austria. Ngokukodwa, amaYuda babesoyika amaNazi. Abagulayo kwaye abadala Freud Kwakunzima ukuba ashiye ilizwe. E Vienna, wafumana umsebenzi lwamaNazi. IIMVELISO Freyd Matshi 22, 1938 wabizelwa amaGestapo imibuzo. Esoyika sentuthumbo, wathabatha ityhefu. Olu suku simo esibuhlungu kuye. ubomi bakhe bonke lalingcungcutheka ziinkumbulo ngaye. Anna ke khange akwazi ukubuyela apho wabajonga emehlweni zokufa. Kuphela ngo-1971 waya notyelelo olufutshane oluya Vienna, watyelela indlu-museum, apho wayehlala kanye kuye.

izwe

Ngokusebenzisa Ngoncedo Marie Bonaparte, inkosazana French, kwakunye unozakuzaku American eFransi kunye Austria, uSigmund Freud, intombi yakhe, umfazi wakhe bakwazi ukuthenga amaNazi. Family 4 Juni 1938 baya eParis, uze - eNgilani. Apha Freud no Anna waphila ubomi bakhe. USigmund Freud wafa ngo-1939, ngomhla we-23 Septemba. nangoko Anna waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla wokupapashwa yemisebenzi yakhe eziqokelelweyo. Ngowe-1942-45 gg. yanyatheliswa eJamani in German.

Umsebenzi Anna Freud kwixesha kwempi

Emva kwemfazwe, uAnna wathumela zonke iinzame zabo ukunceda abantwana abachatshazelwa yi eqhuma waseJamani. Yena wahlanganisa oonyana izindlu ezidilikileyo, nemibutho uncedo kubo, ukuba kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, iziseko kunye nabantu indlela inkxaso kuzo. Anna Freud ngo-1939 wavula izithole. De 1945, bafumana ikhusi abantwana ngaphezu kwama-80 yobudala eyahlukeneyo. Anna iye ekupapashweni kweziphumo zophononongo yenziwe kwi data zovavanyo, kwi "Report ngenyanga".

Anna Freud ngowe-1945 eneminyaka engama-50. Kule minyaka, abaninzi umhlala-phantsi, kodwa wenza ehlabathini ulwazi lwabo. Anna inxaxheba ngeenkongolo, imisitho yekhethelo, iintlanganiso, ahambe kakhulu. uhambo lwakhe lokuqala eUnited States kwenzeka ngo-1950. Wanika isifundo. E London, intombi ka-Freud wayesebenza kule ziko: iintetho ekhokelwa, Ulwimi, iisemina, ukusombulula iingxaki yentlangano.

Celebrities ubuyeleyo Anna

Psychoanalysis yenziwa ngokuzimeleyo de 1982. beza abadumileyo abaninzi kuye, kuquka uMarilyn Monroe. Anna waba nempembelelo enkulu kwi kaHermann Hesse, wahlala wadibana A. Schweitzer. izihlandlo ezili-12 emva 1950 yena waya eUnited States ukunika iintetho.

Umsebenzi yokugqibela, kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe

Ngowe-1965, Anna Freud kugqitywe umsebenzi "iSithethe kunye ngezifo ebuntwaneni." Wakhe wokugqibela Ngowe-1968, uAnna wamfudusela ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Anna Freud ixesha elide ubunzima iqolo, isifo semiphunga. Ukuze oku wayeyiphiwa 1976 anemia. Kwakudingeka ukutofelwa igazi rhoqo. Nokuba eneminyaka engama-80, uAnna akukhange iyeke ukusebenza. Noko ke, ngoMatshi 1, 1982 yaba stroke, emva koko kuqala ukukhubazeka, nzima nentetho engekho mgaqweni. Noko ke, ngoxa esibhedlele, uAnna waqhubeka ukusebenza incwadi malunga nomthetho nosapho.

Psychologist Anna Freud, imisebenzi leyo ingqalelo kakuhle nelilifaneleyo, wafa-Oktobha 8, 1982 Yena wanikezela iminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 zophando lwezenzululwazi kunye neenkqubo psychoanalytic. Ngeli xesha, uAnna livelise amanqaku amaninzi, izifundo kunye neengxelo ifakiwe kule ngqokelela-volume ezilishumi kwiincwadi zakhe.