Potassium iodide

potassium iodide (KI) i ityiwa hydriodic acid. Imbonakalo le crystalline ezingenambala esiqinileyo kweziyobisi kunye ziikristale ityhubhu ezimile. Ipotaziyam iodide umoya ngokutshisa okanye ukungakhuseleki kwi yellowing ukukhanya ngenxa mpilo igcwala of nabo ayodini iodine iziqalelo. Ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu ukunyibilika ityuwa ekuphileni kwandisa emanzini. Ngowe-100 g yamanzi itshitshisiwe 128 g ye-lweTyuwa 0 ° C, 145 g kwi-20 ° C, 176 g kwi-60 ° C, 209 g kwi-100 ° C. Ubunzima izinyo le ambaxa 166,00277 g / Mol. Isalathisi zokunganyangeki ngu 1,667. Density 3.13 g / cm³. Lokunyibilika 686 ° C. Iqondo 1330 ° C. Potassium Iodide kangako hygroscopic (afunxa amanzi lula ngaphantsi) kunokuba kunye sodium iodide, ngoko kulula ukuba isebenze.

Ipotaziyam iodide yi wobulali arhente ukunciphisa, oko ngokulula oxidized yi chlorine: 2Ku + Cl2 → 2KCl + I2. It is wasabela ngokuba ayodini, ngaloo ndlela zakha Lugol isisombululo: KI + I2 → KI3. Ityuwa potassium of hydriodic acid nga eziqulunqwe indlela ayodini ne potassium hayidroksayidi 6KOH + 3I2 = 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O unciphiso okanye potassium Iodate carbon 2KIO3 + 3C = 2Ku + 3CO2. Umbala emthubi ityuwa liphelelwe ebonisa igcwala of iodide iodine ngokwezi equation reaction: 4KI + 2CO2 + O2 → 2K2CO3 + 2I2.

Kwindalo, ayodini ukho kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa yinto efunekayo inqabile, ekubeni isiqulatho kwayo yonke imithombo yendalo ayinamsebenzi. Njengoko nabanye halogens, iphawulwa reactivity ephakamileyo, ifumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo ngokohlobo iikhompawundi, oko kukuthi, iodides of kwealkali zesinyithi isodiyam nepotassium, kodwa (ngokungafaniyo nezinye halogen) Kwakhona ngohlobo iodates, unyityilikiswa emanzini. Noko ke, oku akuzange ikhona njenge iodide nitrogen (IN3), ekubeni iyahlozinga kakhulu zize zisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kunye uqhagamshelo udubulo. Xa amanzi olwandle okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba kwimithombo iodides kunye iodates eziqulethwe mali malunga ngokulinganayo. Ekubeni potassium iodide enyibilikayo emanzini, le ion iodine anokufumaneka kolwandle, lisiza zaselwandle kunye neentlanzi zolwandle. Seafood ngowona mthombo zokungenisa abantu ayodini, njengoko ziqulathe izihlandlo ezininzi iikhompawundi ayodini ngaphezu eziphilileyo awayengabemi ilizwe. A esisiseko ekrwada izinto wemveliso woshishino ayodini zezi zokomba lwamanzi okanye iintlobo ezithile lisiza.

Ipotaziyam iodide equlethwe emanzini sokugrumba kushishino ukuvelisa ayodini: KI + Cl2 → KCl2 + I2. Kwakhona, lisetyenziswa njengomthombo unako iodide. Xa ifildi yodibaniso, potassium iodide sisetyenziselwa titration redox iodometric. Iphepha, desensitised nesisombululo yetyuwa kunye starch inceda ukufumanisa ngokomgangatho ubukho chlorine, ozone okanye nezinye iioksidenti, phambi ayodini leyo yabelwa kuyondelelaniswe nestatshi kugalelwe ephepheni Ijika luhlaza. Oku kusetyenziswa additive ukutya wokutya kwezilwanyane nokutya kwabantu, hi mpimo lowutsongo, ezisoloko zikho ukulungiselela uphuhliso yothintelo (banzi lengqula nobubovu) izifo, apho afunyanwa rhoqo kwi eziliqela nakwimimandla ngokwezelizwe ngenxa intswelo zendalo ayodini, potassium iodide, kunye potassium Iodate, idityaniswe netyuwa eqhelekileyo. Imveliso ukuzithengela ukutya kuthiwa ityuwa iodine. Ithuba yokugcina isiqinisekiso of a yetyuwa elolo umda, ngenxa yokuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, phantsi kwempembelelo agqithisile oksijini carbon dioxide, KI ngokucotha oxidized ukuba carbonate intsimbi kunye iodine kwiziqalelo ezingenamandla, nto leyo ke ngumphunga.

Xa amayeza, potassium iodide elisetyenziswa medicament. Ipotaziyam iodide ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo umthamo: tablets, isisombululo ngomlomo, amacwecwe bhanya wawutyabeka, amathontsi iliso, amacwecwe chewable. Imithi sisilela iodine kusilela emzimbeni, kufuneka antithyroid (thyroid zinqanda biosynthesis ka emzimbeni), mucolytic (yepetroliyamu isikhohlela wemiphunga lula imveliso yawo), expectorant, anti-fungal, ingqondo, radioprotective (ukhusela radiation lengqula kwaye uthintele ukufunxeka radioiodine yayo ) ukusebenza. WHO ezicetyiswayo umthamo ixesha likaxakeka ebandakanya ayodini radioactive ixhomekeke yobudala kwaye:

• kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka 12 - mg 130 ngosuku;
• ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya 12 - mg 65 ngosuku;
• iinyanga abaneminyaka eli-1 ukuya ku-36 - 32 mg ngosuku;
• abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka kwinyanga 1 - 16 mg ngosuku.

NGUBANI na isindululo kuthintelo potassium iodide kubantu abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.