Chwetheza Chordates: features isakhiwo kwangaphandle nangaphakathi

Uhlobo Isingqi ezingaphezulu kwama-40 amawaka. Living iintlobo. Oku kuquka bescherepnyh (iitunicates Amphioxus) kunye cranial (cyclostomes (lamprey), iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ezirhubuluzayo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo). Abameli olu hlobo zifumaneka kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala. Uninzi chordates banento, yokuphila yeselula, kodwa kukho iintlobo ukuze zincamathele zeendawana - iitunicates. Imilinganiselo kunye ubunzima ziyahluka ngokubanzi uhlobo kwaye oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo bume kunye nezilwanyana eziphila.

Ngaphandle kokuba izilwanyana ezidityanisiweyo uhlobo imisindo, ezahlukeneyo kunene imbonakalo, iimpawu isakhiwo lwangaphakathi, indlela yokuphila kunye nokusingqongileyo, banalo iimpawu ezifanayo. Ukuze ubone ukufana inceda iimpawu jikelele chordates.

Zonke chordates baye:

• Yezihlunu skeleton, nto leyo bubonakaliswe Isingqi kwi bescherepnyh kunye umqolo in cranial. Amathambo unalo imilo umcu ezisebenza umsebenzi axhasayo unika umzimba luthambe.

• Gill slits emqaleni. Xa protostomes eziphilayo ezihlala lonke ixesha emanzini kwaye musa ukubushiya, slits kumculo kuhlala ubomi. Kwaye deuterostome omkileyo zokuhlala zasemanzini, uze emva koko wabuyela uzakubuyela (dolphins, iminenga, iingwenya), kunye nezilwanyana ilizwe Gill slits ezikhoyo kuphela kwi zigaba ezithile zophuhliso osandul, uze shwaka. Endaweni yoko, ukuba basebenza emiphungeni - ukuphefumla imizimba ezisentlabathini.

• luvo Central (CNS), nto leyo ityhubhu ebekwe ecaleni ngasemva. Xa chordates bakudala i ityhubhu umngxuma kuhlala ubomi, yaye izilwanyana ephakamileyo yahlulwe ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. A kwalapho, nto leyo yandisa kwinkqubo luvo, neuropathy ifom luvo.

• sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo kwegazi. Intliziyo, ngathi uvaleke Licala ventral umzimba.

Chordates babe iimpawu ezikhethekileyo oluthile lwento, ngenxa yendlela ubomi babo kunye nezityalo, kwakunye zokuzama kuyo. Ukongeza imiqondiso umahluko ukusuka kwezinye izinto e chordates kwaye ezifanayo kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Le ezifana:

• lohlukanisa mazwe ukuba ikhona iintshulube tyaba, izinambuzane kunye nezinye izinto.

• Ngokubanzi (kungenjalo umzimba kwisisu eziziisekondari), ekukho kuyo izibilini. kwisisu Secondary ivela annelids.

• Yiba umlomo secondary oluthi luqokelelane kwi gastrula nqanaba ngokuthi kodonga nhlanganiso.

• Metameric lungiselelo lwemizimba (segmental), ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwinqanaba osandul kwaye chordates bakudala, izilwanyana abadala bunokubonwa isakhiwo izihlunu kunye esqwini lomqolo. Ngenxa kule hlobo Isingqi ubonisa iimpawu zifana annelids nezinambuzane.

• Ubukho kweenkqubo omzimba - yokujikeleza, izifo, luvo, wokudla, excretory, zokuzala.

Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo imisindo idibanisa izilwanyana, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo ulingano amabini, kwaye ngokubanzi, ubukho slits kumculo sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso kunye ukuvela asemzimbeni lwangaphakathi - i-taxi, apho iqhele uvaleke. Phantsi Isingqi yi ityhubhu yokwetyisa.