Academician buynov Valentin Petrovich - uMyili Oyintloko kwiinkqubo rocket: engobomi, usapho, ihlonipha memory

Ukuveliswa ibalulekileyo kwaye edume imijukujelwa eSoviet Union weza ebomini kunye umyili jikelele, ogama lakhe limi kwimbali, kunye kakhulu elibaluleke kakhulu kweli lizwe. It Academician buynov, owadala ezininzi iinjini jet enamandla. Valentin Petrovich, nangona ukuzonwabisa zakhe ezininzi, eyona nto iphambili ebomini bakhe ichazwa umntwana.

ekuqaleni

Wazalwa elizayo academician buynov e Odessa ngowe-1908, yaye ngowe-1924 waphumelela kwisikolo sokufundela "Metal" Igama noTrotsky likaThixo. Ngelo elinesihlanu, yena sele yaba ndixakekile, eyathatha iminyaka esibhozo, imbalelwano kunye Tsiolkovsky ngokwakhe, ethunyelwa kumfana yonke imisebenzi yakhe entsha. Lo mfana brilliant nangoku kude ubudala bakhe esele lapapasha amanqaku malunga ukuhlolwa kwaye ngehlombe wabhala incwadi malunga iingxaki nokuxhatshazwa iiplanethi. Xa eko zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, xa moya uninzi lwabantu abangabubonanga! Ngo-1925 i-buynov oselula waya iLeningrad kufunda apho eyunivesithi, kuba ulwazi kwakuyimfuneko ukuba ekufezekisweni onke amaphupha.

ukufunda Complex of physics nemathematika nkululeko! Ewe kunye lizwe kwaba nzima - wobuyiselo umonakalo ezoyikekayo. Kodwa academician buynov elizayo akukho akhalazela ukungabikho kwemali, yena angabi iimoto umfundi zimpahla, yaye benza umsebenzi zenzululwazi. Indlala, iyabanda, yaye ezinye osweleyo Kungenxa yoku ukuba yakhathazeka kancinane. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kunomvuzo: ngo-1933 buynov Valentin Petrovich waba yintloko yesebe zeziko lophando rocket, yaye eminye iminyaka emithathu kamva - ukuba umyili oyintloko iinjini jet.

Kude emehlweni prying

Ukususela ngo 1933 Jets ulwelo owadalwa njengomyili brilliant, nokukhulisa inani zokuguqulwa. Emva koko ke wazalwa odumileyo OPM-65 injini, nto leyo icetyelwe luzakufakwa aerotorpedy njengezixhobo moya kwakunye kwase of imijukujelwa mihla - yaye yafakwa irula. Ngowe-1938, elizayo academician buynov kuqikelelwa kwi ukuxabiseka kwayo oyinyaniso.

zakugqiba, wabalahla "ngenxa ngabom," njengoko zonke iinjineli abaziintloko nabaqambi eli lizwe. Wagwetywa iminyaka esibhozo kwiinkampu wathumela "kwi sharashka" oko kukuthi CB lavalwa ukuba baqhube uphando. Okokuqala, e Tushino kwisityalo lweenqwelo № 82, apho Valentin Petrovich babedalelwe izindululi ngexabiso elifakiweyo kwi-moya. Eneneni inzululwazi irula, ekwimo yayo enyulu, akukho kodwa kubonwa nje into luncedo, kodwa kungekudala yonke into yatshintsha.

ngaphambi kokuba iphume

Buynov Valentin Petrovich wakhululwa ngowe-1944. Yena ngoko nangoko wathabatha isigxina onamava, okanye, kungcono ukuba bathi - uyilo bureau ekhethekileyo Kazan, apho zaye zaphuhliswa Iimoto ezizodwa. Ngowe-1946, waba phakathi kwabo baye bafunda eJamani, uphuhliso waseJamani kwindawo ngezikhali.

Ebuya apho izimvo ezintsha, buynov sele usebenza kwi ukuguqulela OKB-456 kwi-mveliso moya Khimki, apho ngo-1948 apho ngolokuqala RD-100 injini ngenxa rocket, uze ngakumbi yaye ezininzi kubo iindidi zezinto eziphaphazelayo wayekhona. Buynov Valentin Petrovich, ogama engobomi lwayanyaniswa ngokupheleleyo injini jet, ke waba yinkokheli ekuzibonakaliseni kwindalo yawo.

Merit

Ngo-1974 waqalisa ukusebenza umbutho omtsha kakhulu, nelikhokelwa ngu Academician buynov, - "Energia", kuquka OKB-456 OKB-1. UMyili Jikelele owenze ikhondo ayinikwe loo nkampani kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto zonke inkqubo indawo Russian, kuquka mihla, lo mntu unyanzelekile ukuba phantse wonke. Yaba nguye owadala iinjini iziphekepheke "East" - ukusuka moya yokuqala emajukujukwini phambi kokuba ukusekwa sikhululo orbit. Ngaphandle kwalo, impumelelo yethu isithuba ukuba ohluke kakhulu. Mhlawumbi ayiyi kubakho nokubakho babeza.

ngoko yasekwa Odessa oqingqiweyo Valentin buynov, phezu avenue omhle, okwabizwa ngokuba igama lendoda 'top-imfihlo ". Yaye Cosmonauts Alley une ilitye lesikhumbuzo eMoscow. Noko ke, ngegalelo lakhe ezweni zibalulekile. Valentin Petrovich buynov - Hero of Socialist Labour (kabini), uye odolo ezintlanu uLenin Red Banner of Labour nango-Oktobha Revolution, iimedali ezininzi. Nguye oyiphumeleleyo uLenin State Amabhaso USSR.

Korolev

OKB-1 ngaphezulu kunye umzobi obalaseleyo asebenza iingcali ezinkulu, apho wazuza kwi-ofisi ngokwabo (unokuyithelekelela indlela le ibanjwa akapholisanga maseko, nto leyo evumela ukuba). Aba bantu edume: Umansky, Zheltukhin, Sheet, Ikhoyili, Strakhovich, Zhiritsky kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngowe-1942, xa isicelo Chief uMyili buynov sele e Kazan watshintshelwa mntu edume, oyisa isithuba.

Buynov Valentin Petrovich kunye Korolev Sergey Pavlovich ngokubambisana ukuphuhlisa izixhobo kakhulu emkhosini, okunyusileyo uloyiso eli lizwe. iinjini irula olufakwe kwi Pe-2, yaye ngoko nangoko ngaphezu yayisebenza 180 km ngeyure. Hlola i-Yak-3, La-7, Su-7. amazinga okukhula yayintle - up ayi ezimakhulu mabini ngeyure nganye. Ngoko ke, esebenzisa injini ye jet ulwelo itshintshe kakhulu technology nxi ngezikhali.

Relations nabasemagunyeni

Stalin ngaphambi "ekhulula" buynov wazisusa isigwebo ngo-1944. Kodwa ebomini kuyilo kwesi sigqibo ayikatshintshi lutho. Yena usoloko, nokuba iinqanawa, kwakukho indoda ukuhlelwa zize zifakwe kwi lonke udonga olukhulu lomsebenzi woyilo into efunekayo kunye lizwe ezifuna intliziyo umphefumlo. Kodwa buynov zisetyenziswa kakuhle lo senzo kaStalin. Wanika inkokheli uluhlu yabantu amathathu abaye yakhululwa kwangethuba emsebenzini kwi KB. Kwaba njalo. Inkoliso aba bantu babanikela iqashiso labo kunye buynov ngonaphakade.

Yaye ekubeni 1945, wokugqibela kugwetywa iminyaka emininzi abantu baba intloko yesebe kwi Kazan Aviation Institute, apho wayesebenza iinjini jet kunye nokulungiselela abancedisi andikulingene ukuba yena kwiziko lakhe. Okunye Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, izolo walihlawulisa rocket ukufunda iJamani "ngenxa ngabom" kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha (iminyaka 1945-1947), ukuba uhambo ishishini. Neembasa - German irula inzululwazi - lowo wengcibi yokuluka, kakade, wachukumiseka. Kodwa malunga nolwalamano phakathi amandla anokuvela okudala kulo mzekelo, nam, mna wathi xhwenene kunene. Ndikunye Stalin kule buynov waba intlanganiso ezine emide abucala, leyo wathetha rocket zasekhaya. Inkokeli wabuza imibuzo smart, okrelekrele, abafanelekayo.

space

Ngowe-1953 wonyulelwa buynov ukuya Academy of Sciences, ilungu engqinelanayo, yaye ngowe-1957, ngaphandle ekuzikhuseleni ithisisi HAC sinikezelwe kuye ubugqirha. Lixesha lokuba babeke amaphupha abantwana babo. Valentin Petrovich iphuhlise inkqubo olunzulu swi izikhululo Orbital, nkqu zokuhlala month, ngesandla sakhe ukukhanya wabonakala baxhomekeka esebenza. Wacingisisa babesebenza kuphuhliso Venus ne Mars, izicwangciso iinqwelo-moya ukuya izijikelezi.

Kwaye abaninzi amaphupha akhe, pronesonnyh lonke ubomi nokudala. Ukuphehlelelwa isathelayithi yokuqala ukujikeleza umhlaba wamtyhala ilizwe kuphuhliso ngokukhawuleza rocket. Umyalezo Umhlaba waqalisa ukuxhasa isikhululo Orbital "Mir", "Bulisani" yi iziphekepheke swi "Soyuz" neenqanawa zothutho "Inkqubela", nto leyo iyaphuhliswa Valentin Petrovich buynov. Kodwa abaninzi ingazaliseki kangaka kude.

inyanga

Buynov wakhokela uphuhliso kwisikhululo inyanga, apho kuya kubakho rhoqo kwakukho abantu. umsebenzi Intlungu "imfihlelo top" akayi kuvumela uluntu ukukhuthaza le mbono, yaye ngenxa yoko, xa emva uqala e bangaphumelelanga yenkqubo H-1 lalilungiswa ivaliwe, akukho mntu uya buhlungu kodwa umyili oyintloko. Kwaye zonke izinto ezinkulu ukuba Kwathi, ayikwazanga bathuthuzelwe de kube sekupheleni. Kwaye kuthi? Phezu amahlanu ukulungisa injini ulwelo, leyo ngoku isicelo imifuziselo elinesixhenxe isithuba imijukujelwa zomkhosi. Kwaba phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe iinjini imijukujelwa liqalise isikhululo oluzenzekelayo Mars, Venus kunye neNyanga, ukuba nazo efakwe kwi kwisiphekepheke swi "Soyuz" yaye "East", yaye kangakanani ngumntu inyanga kunye neesathelayithi wafakwa orbit ngoncedo lwabo!

A isiphekepheke "Buran", yaphuhliswa phantsi kobunkokheli buynov, lo isiphekepheke ngokulula ethathe moya features izinto ubushushu-ayikhusele lwamva, ukususela izibalo ikhompyutha ukuya kumashumi amawaka imizobo, kunye injini, koyena namhlanje - RD-170, buynov umntwana, hayi kunguhata, nangeendlela ezininzi kunathi ukuba nkqu "Shuttle"! Le fowuni umisela umzekelo ngokwenene! Kodwa ... musa okwentyatyambo imithi apile kwiMars, hayi kwi inyanga tracks imikhondo zethu. Musa ukulinda ukuba Valentine Petrovich. Ngowe-1989, wafa, yaye igama lakhe International Astronomical Union ogama wentaba kwicala obubonakalayo eNyangeni. Mhlawumbi nje enye vlok ebusuku kuye lo mphuphi esiza omkhulu esebenzayo.

abafazi

Abasetyhini kwakhona wayeyoliswa kakhulu buynov Valentin Petrovich. Family ngoko kude yedwa, nangona i "emfihlekweni", stints elide "sharashkas 'kakubi kunye nengqesho. Ixesha lokuqala ke watshata kwi elinethoba, lo gama umfundi kwiYunivesithi eLeningrad. Iimoto akazange wazikhulula, kodwa xa waba ulambile, a moonlighting ukulungisa kancinane zokuhlala, apho wafumanisa yangaphambili Odessa intombazana USusanna Georgievskaya, umbhali elizayo. Kwenzeka ntoni phakathi kwesi sibini, kutheni ukuba umtshato, yaqhubeka iyimfihlelo. Kodwa iimeko ezimangalisayo. Valentin walimala yi nompu. Wathi isizathu - Ukuphathwa ukungakhathali. Elandelwa mtshato.

Kukho umfazi omtsha ukutshata yena akazange - Tamara Sarkisov. Noko ke, intombi ka-Eugene waba ixesha azalwe. Ukumbamba buynov Tamara wayesoyika yaye nethe bonke ubuhlobo. Ngoko ke, xa kuvela ithuba, buynov alibuyelanga umva - akukho lula. E eJamani, waba utitshala owayebizwa uMagda kunye abantwana bazalwa - uYuri kunye Elena. Ngoko umele ukuba wavuya into enye, malunga imbali uthi cwaka. Buynov ndoda umdla kakhulu kwaye yokuzenzisa, wawo halo ngaphezu kwakhe lakhanya isimo. Kodwa ke ngo-1959, xa umyili yaba wabonakala amahlanu ananye ebomini bakhe Lydia Naryshkin, intwazana elinesibhozo, owayesebenza CB yakhe "Energomash" e Khimki, naye waphila iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo aseleyo, owabanyusayo unyana entle.