Palace Italian: imbali, inkcazo. iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Kronstadt

Abakhenkethi abaninzi bafuna ukubona kwibhotwe Italian eSt Petersburg. Kodwa ke indawo yokukhangela umdla esixekweni kwi Neva ayikho imfuneko. Emva komkhulu, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku ayikho eSt Petersburg Kronstadt. Isakhiwo omangalisayo ukwabizwa ngokuba ziiHolo of Menshikov, kuba yayakhiwe ukuba "Uninzi kuphole Prince." Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umhlobo osenyongweni uPeter Omkhulu izigodlo ezintathu. Okokuqala wabekwa St. Petersburg, lo ungowesibini - neyesithathu Oranienbaum - Kronstadt.

Ke kaloku kwibhotwe yokugqibela kwintabalala ezimbini ubuhle kuqala. Ngumzali, Menshikov ngoko akazange abe ixesha lokwenza yonke le kubunewunewu. Wabanjwa waza wathumela ekuthinjweni, yaye ilifa ocande wokulondoloza imali karhulumente. Kodwa kutheni Kronstadt waba isiseko ukwakhiwa komkhulu? Yintoni exhasayo e Kotlin Island, apho ngelo xesha mahlanu ngeekhilomitha ukusuka St Petersburg? Oku uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Kronstadt

Indawo apho uPetros Omkhulu wagqiba ekubeni abeke umzi, ligcwele ziqithi. On omnye wabo, Kotlin, ukumkani wayalela ukuba ukwakha inqaba. Wawuza ukukhusela esangweni umlomo Neva ukusuka iinqanawa Swedish. Le akamsalisela yakhiwa ngo May 1704. Kwathiwa igama "Kronshlot" - enqabeni yomkhosi kakumkani. Kodwa zomkhosi Fort abemi izindlu ngokuthe yene. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, kwabakho wayesele gallery ezivenkileni, kuyo selilos abarhwebi. Ngoko ke igama latshintshwa kwi Kronstadt - umzi wakomkhulu lowo. Wayengqongwe iinqaba ukuba ngoku ezinika yayo engundoqo: "I koMlawuli Alexander I of", "Kronshlot", "Totleben" yaye "Obruchev".

Kukho kwi siqithi kunye umyezo zasehlotyeni. Ukususela amabandla Kronstadt ukhankanye kufuneka zenziwe Vladimir kunye Kronstadt Naval Cathedral. Kwaye, kakade, ithandwa ebalulekileyo yale isixeko likwindawo Menshikov Palace. Idilesi yalo isakhiwo kunye nembali enzima ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Makarovsky Street 3. Namhlanje Kronstadt Uyekile ukwenza sisiqithi ngengqiqo ngokungqongqo lo gama: ngo-1984, idama iqhagamshele ngelori umendo wakhe eSt Petersburg. Kodwa iziko isixeko umlando phantsi kwephiko le-UNESCO, njengoko World Heritage site.

Kutheni Italian yasebhotwe, ngoko wacela?

Omnye afumane uluvo lokuba Alexander Menshikov endinomdla ukwakha amagumbi zabo bezakhiwo ukusuka kwelo lizwe. Noko ke, le misperception. Xa isigxina umsebenzi abakhi German. esakhiweni kwayilwa I. F. Braunshteyn. Wayalela umsebenzi H. Schedel. Kuba isampulu amaJamani wathabatha palazzo, leyo esisityebi kangaka Italy. Kukho uluvo lokuba indima abasebenzi eziqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni wakomkhulu baba abahlala kwelo lizwe, kodwa olu guqulelo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Kungenzeka, Menshikov wakuthanda nje indlela le ezimbejembeje German nabayili Italian bebeziqhelanisa kwiimeko ezimaxongo iziqithi bakhe Gulf.

Esi sakhiwo esakhiwa eziliwaka elinamakhulu asixhenxe anamanci mabini kunyaka wamashumi amabini anesine. palace Italian rhoqo zatshintsha abanini. It zindlu isikolo, nto leyo eyaziwa ukuba ziyingozi kakhulu kwezakhiwo ixabiso kwimbali nenkcubeko. Ingakumbi modified yimbonakalo ngokutsha ebhotwe AN Akutina and E. H. Ahnert, eyayibanjelwe kwinkulungwane yama-yeshumi elinesithoba.

Imbali: i kweyeshumi elinesibhozo

Ekupheleni kokwakhiwa kwibhotwe Italian, Russia, Sweden basayine isgqibo, kunye Menshikov wawela lihlazo. estate kwakhe ocande zobuncwane. In the 1740s ibhotwe ebizwa ngokuba indlu yakhe ka-Imperial uHlanga. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, i-College of the Admiralty waya ebhotwe Italian. Kronstadt ngelo xesha inkonzo rhoqo eSt Petersburg kuphela kwixesha ngezandl amaphenyane iyingangamsha. Ngoko ke, i-arhente karhulumente akazange athathe isakhiwo, nangona ikuluhlu isigxina sakhe. Ke ukwakhiwa ibhotwe watshintshelwa isikolo omkhulu, ikhokelwa ngu-Stepan Malygin. Ukususela 1771 ukuya 1798 isakhiwo owayephethe Naval yeCadet Corps.

Uhlenga-hlengiso kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba

Ngowe-1815 oko yamiswa ekugqibeleni unxibelelwano rhoqo phakathi Kronstadt kunye eSt Petersburg. Sailboats locwaningo zabucala indawo "passazhboty" ngokukodwa yi Charles Byrd. Yaba izithuthi amanzi zoluntu yokuqala eRashiya. Kotlin island iye yaba lula ngakumbi. Yaye ukususela 1798 ukuya 1872-th Uhambo School of St. Petersburg waya ebhotwe Italian. Kamva eli ziko labizwa ngokuba Marine zobuGcisa, naphambi Oktobha Revolution kwathiwa Engineering.

Abafundi bahlale kwisakhiwo nelembali impembelelo indlela lulusizi ngokukhuseleka nokusebenza kwalo. Kwaye ixesha, yaye imozulu umoya angawaconganga awasemvelweni sakhiwo. Xa novalo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba sele liqalile uhlengahlengiso olukhulu komkhulu. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokungqinelana nezicwangciso bezakhiwo Akutina kunye Stasov. Entshonalanga udonga bhotwe olwaludiliziwe yeCadet umyezo on-site Courtyard - Admiralty. Ekupheleni wesakhiwo kwinkulungwane landiswa kakhulu (Project L. Novikova).

Kwakubonakala ngathi Italian Palace (Kronstadt)?

Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba isakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu, enongwe kwi isimbo Italian ezimbejembeje. olungaphambili kwayo ezihonjiswe pilasters, BAS-imikrolo, zitsha amatye zokuhombisa. Uphahla isithsaba yi iintsika kunye eqingqiweyo. Malunga nexesha elifanayo nelo bhotwe Italian, kukho ichibi libe wemba phambi olungaphambili ezingundoqo sakhiwo. Lomhleli Giovanni Fontana wakha imithombo kweshumi eziliqela.

Le ichibi, ekuthiwa ngokuba ibhotwe Italian, waya phezu izibuko zabarhwebi. Wakhonza ukuba ubusika noweenqanawa. Ngasechwebeni milenge amabini asebenza ku wazisusa lwemasti evela iinqanawa, kwaye isiqalo yokukhangela bawafake endaweni yazo. A umthengisi kunye izibuko kwafika iinqanawa yokuzisa intlanzi evela Lake Ladoga. Ukuze ukurhweba elunxwemeni lwakwakhiwa isakhiwo, esifana isakhiwo ngamaxesha amandulo. Yayibizwa ngokuba kwesakhiwo kwizihlalo isimbo Fish zoqobo. Ngeminyaka yee-elinethoba ezingxandeni Italian ngenkulungwane ukwakha kumgangatho wesine.

isakhiwo lwangoku

Umlilo kwenzeka ngo-1926, wabatshabalalisa into abafundi baphanga. Isakhiwo yaphila, kodwa kakhulu ezifana kwi sakhiwo yokuqala. Ebhotwe ehambela iNdlu Red Army, Club koomatiloshe kaThixo, ikomkhulu kwiBaltic Fleet. apho ke yayikhona yemiboniso. Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-2011 imyuziyam yomkhosi wamanzi njengesebe yanikwa kwibhotwe Italian ku Kronstadt. Indlela yokusebenza ye amaziko enkcubeko ilula. Nabani na uvumelekile ukusuka 8:15 ukuya 17:15, kunye lekhefu iyure sasemini. NgoMgqibelo nangeCawa isakhiwo ayisebenzi.