Zeziphi izihlanganisi of nzima drives?

indawo yediskhi esekhompyutheni - alula kunye ezincinane 'ibhokisi "kunye nengqondo eligcina iimali ezinkulu ulwazi kwikhompyutha nawuphi na umsebenzisi mihla.

Akuve, kubonakala ukusuka ngaphandle: gingxi bagatelle ngokwaneleyo. Zimbalwa xa ebhala, uku, ukukopa, kunye nezinye iintshukumo nefayile ezahlukahlukeneyo ukubaluleka ibonisa kwi-hard drive kumgaqo intsebenziswano computer. Ke ukuba ngqo - ngqo ukusuka motherboard ngokwayo.

Njengoko ezi ziqendu siqhagamshelwe single ukusebenza egudileyo, njani amalungiselelo-hard drive ngokwayo, apho qhagamshela izihlanganisi ngayo, yaye yintoni ngamnye kubo - ulwazi olungundoqo malunga njengesiqhelo zonke isixhobo yokugcina iinkcukacha.

HDD interface

Ukuba lo gama ngokufanelekileyo kubizwa intsebenziswano nzima ukuya motherboard drive. Igama elifanayo kakhulu linentsingiselo ebanzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, inkqubo yekhompyutha. Kulo mzekelo, libhekisela inxalenye inikeza indlela yentsebenziswano yabantu kunye software (umsebenzisi-friendly "lula" design).

Ukanti isinxulumanisi interface ingxabano. Kwimeko ye-HDD kunye motherboard asiyonto uyilo graphic ezinqwenelekayo kumsebenzisi, kunye iseti ezikhethekileyo kwimigca kunye neenkqubo zothumelo data. Omnye komnye, la macandelo ezidibene nge imigca - ukuya namagalelo intambo kwiincam zombini. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ukudibanisa izibuko hard drive kunye motherboard.

Ngamanye amazwi, lonke interface ngezi zixhobo - iintambo ezimbini. Omnye idibanisa kwi hard drive amandla isinxibelelanisi kwesinye isiphelo kunye umbane ikhompyutha ukuya kwenye. A wesibini semigaqo kokuxhuma HDD ukuya motherboard.

Njengoko kumaxesha angaphambili wacofa hard drive - IDE isinxibelelanisi, kunye nezinye izinto zexesha elidlulileyo

kanye ekuqaleni, emva koko kukho ngaphezulu interfaces HDD phambili. YaMandulo ngemilinganiselo yanamhlanje Integrated Drive Electronics gqi kwimarike malunga neminyaka engama-80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. IDE ngokoqobo bubonakala "isilawuli eqhagamshelweyo".

Njengoko ujongano data parallel, nangoku kuthiwa ATA - Advanced Technology Uncamathelo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubuchwepheshe obutsha wada wabiliswa uphela kwaye ukuthandwa enkulu emarikeni njenge ATA esezantsi labizwa Pata (ATA Parallel) ukuthintela ukubhideka.

Kakhulu olucothayo kakhulu zisasilela kakhulu iimpawu zabo zobugcisa, esibonakalayo kule minyaka baduma baso ukutsiba ukusuka megabytes 100 ukuya 133 intshizi ngesekondi. Kwaye kuphela ngethiyori, t. To. Enyanisweni, la manani mahle kakhulu. Kakade ke, ujongano ezintsha nezidibanisi hard drive IDE ayinakubonisa ongekenziwa kanganama kuphuhliso mihla.

Ngaba ucinga ukuba kufuneka lula kunye nemiba enomtsalane? Isizukulwana Omkhulu uya khumbula ukuba izakhono zobugcisa Pata ukuvumela yokuphatha ezimbini HDD kunye noyi enye kuphela iqhagamshele motherboard. Kodwa ke umthamo umgca kule meko iyafana isiqingatha kusasazwa. Kwaye oku ngaphandle kokuchaza ucingo ububanzi, ngandlela ithile ethintela imilinganiso yalo umoya flow entsha esuka abalandeli kwinkqubo unit le.

Ukuze IDE yethu esele kuphelelwa ngokwendalo emzimbeni. Ukuba kube kutshanje wadibana le isinxibelelanisi kwi motherboard kulo ixabiso kwicandelo asezantsi nalawo aphakathi, ngoku ke abenzi ngokwabo musa simjonge ithemba.

Wonke ozithandayo wada wabiliswa uphela

Kangangexesha elide, IDE uye waba interface inkulu kunye izinto ezigcina iinkcukacha. Noko ke, ukudluliselwa iinkcukacha kunye nobuchwepheshe processing kangangexesha elide kwisiza akuthethi angaxingi, umnikelo kungekudala ngokwengqiqo isisombululo entsha. Ngoku ifumaneka phantse naluphi na umnini ikhompyutha siqu. Wathi ke igama layo - wada wabiliswa uphela (ATA serial).

Ukwahlula iimpawu zojongano - ukufana transmission data, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eliphantsi (xa kuthelekiswa IDE), amacandelo ukufudumeza ngaphantsi. Nakule lonke yokuthandwa kwayo anyamezela uphuhliso wada wabiliswa uphela ngezigaba ezithathu kophicotho:

1. Wada wabiliswa uphela I - 150 Mb / c.
2. Wada wabiliswa uphela II - 300 Mb / s.
3. Wada wabiliswa uphela III - 600 Mb / s.

Uhlaziyo wesithathu kubuyekeza isibini sele iphuhlisiwe:

• 3.1 - ngaphezu akumgangatho bandwidth, kodwa kungalinganiselwanga umda kwi 600 MB / s.
• 3.2 iinkcukacha wada wabiliswa uphela Express - ukuze kuphunyezwe ngempumelelo naziphi wada wabiliswa uphela kunye nezixhobo PCI-Express, nto leyo yandisa funda / bhala isantya ujongano ukuya ku-1969 Mb / s. Lwaba ethetha, obu bugcisa i "iadaptha 'ukuba uguqula imo wada wabiliswa uphela eqhelekileyo ngesantya ukuba uze ube umgca PCI-isinxibelelanisi.

Amanani real, Kakade ke, yahlukile ngokucacileyo ukusuka ingxelo esemthethweni. Okokuqala yenza yekhompyutha bandwidth ngokugqithiseleyo - .. abaninzi drives yanamhlanje 600MB enye / s kakhulu, ngoko ke abazange babedalelwe zisebenza kwisantya yokufunda / ubhale enjalo. Kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha, xa imarike uya drives ngcembe ngokupheleleyo-high speed kunye nokusebenza eningenakukholwa for speed yanamhlanje, amandla lobuchwepheshe wada wabiliswa uphela iza kusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.

Ekugqibeleni, abaninzi indlela umzimba sele igqityiwe. Wada wabiliswa uphela yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweentambo elide (iisentimitha 1 imitha ku-46, nto leyo edibene IDE isinxibelelanisi) kunye nobungakanani kakhulu compact kunye nenkangeleko ezinqwenelekayo. Kwanikwa inkxaso "tshintshanisa Hot» HDD - ukuqhagamshela / qhawula uqhagamshelwano kuzo kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokucima ikhompyutha (nangona pre kusafuneka vula imo AHCI kwi BIOS).

Ukwanda lula kunye uxhumo izihlanganisi loop. Wagqitywa ke wonke iinguqulelo zojongano ezi umva ehambelanayo omnye komnye (hard diski wada wabiliswa uphela III ngaphandle iingxaki uqhagamshele izihlanganisi wada wabiliswa uphela II ngomhla motherboard, wada wabiliswa uphela I - to wada wabiliswa uphela II, njl ...). Le caveat kuphela - isantya iphezulu data ziya kuthunyelelwa ikhonkco ezininzi "endala".

Abanini izixhobo abadala akuyi kusala ngasemva - amaqhoshana ezikhoyo ukusuka Pata ukuya wada wabiliswa uphela variably ukonga kuthengwa HDD mihla okanye motherboard omtsha ibiza kakhulu.

wada wabiliswa uphela yangaphandle

Kodwa akubi njalo umgangatho hard drive ingena imisebenzi umsebenzisi. Ngamanye amaxesha imfuneko ukugcina oluninzi data ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, zokuhamba. Kuba Kwiimeko ezinjalo, xa ubani ukuwuqhuba umsebenzi nje kuphela ekhaya, yaye yenzelwe drives lwangaphandle nzima. Ngenxa yobume izixhobo zabo, baya kufuna ujongano lwe eyahlukileyo kakhulu.

Injalo uhlobo ngakumbi wada wabiliswa uphela zidalwe nezihlanganisi lwangaphandle nzima drives, kunye isimaphambili lwangaphandle. Ezibonakalayo, eli esibonakalayo aluhambisani standard wada wabiliswa uphela-kumazibuko, kodwa unawo bandwidth efanayo.

Kukho inkxaso HDD «swap eshushu", kunye nobude cable inyuswe ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini.

Xa eSATA ngobuwena yokuqala ivumela ulwazi lonaniso kuphela, ngaphandle lusidla kumngxuma wokufaka yangaphandle amandla hard drive efunekayo. Le ethile yenza ukusetyenziswa kaloliwe ezimbini kokuba uxhulumaniso ezinzileyo kunye ukufika ukulungisa Power eSATA, oludibanisa iteknoloji eSATA (linoxanduva ukudluliselwa of data) ukuya USB (elijongene ukutya).

ibhasi Universal serial

ukuba ngempumelelo umgangatho oluqhelekilyo lezibuko ujongano sokudityaniswa zobugcisa beteknoloji, Universal Bus Uthotho mihla eyaziwayo wonke.

Nakuba nive ubunzima kudala iinguqu ezinkulu osisigxina, USB - likhulu izinga data eliphezulu, ukunika amandla ibonwe ezininzi kuThixo izixhobo peripheral, kwakunye ekunyaniseni lula ezisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla.

Developed ziinkampani ezifana Intel, Microsoft, Phillips, kunye US Robotics, esibonakalayo iye lwalo neminqweno ezininzi zobugcisa:

• Eyenzelwe computer. peripherals Standard de USB sele kunokuba wathinteleka ngazo ezahlukeneyo kunye nohlobo ezifunekayo zibuko ngamnye ngamnye (PS / 2 izibuko ukudibanisa i desktop, SCSI njalo njalo. D.). Nokufika USB Wamitha ukuba bekuya kuba replacement ofanayo jikelele kakhulu lula intsebenziswano kunye izixhobo computer. Ngaphezu koko, kuye kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba uyilo entsha ngexesha layo, ukukhuthaza ukuvela peripherals non-yemveli.
• Ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano of mobile phones computer. Zikhutshwe ngaloo minyaka notyekelo utshintsho kwiinethiwekhi digital yefoni yezwi lwabonisa ukuba akukho namnye kujongano eziveliswe ngoko ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukudluliselwa kwedata kunye nelizwi livela kwifowuni.
• Wayila intuthuzelo Umgaqo "plug kudlala 'efanelekileyo" wokufaka eshushu. "

Njengoko kunjalo kunye uninzi zobugcisa beteknoloji, i hard diski USB-isinxibelelanisi ixesha elide iye eziqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo kuthi isenzeko. Noko ke, kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso, le ujongano belusoloko wabonisa-eziphakamileyo isantya funda / bhala yokusebenza entsha.

version USB	incazelo	umthamo
USB 1.0	Okokuqala ukukhululwa inguqulelo zojongano emva iinguqulelo ezininzi preliminary. Ikhutshwe January 15, 1996.	Low-Speed Mode: 1.5 Mbit / s Full-Speed Mode: 12 Mbit / s
USB 1.1	Uphuhliso olulolunye of version 1.0, ukuba alimise ezininzi iingxaki neempazamo. Usungulo ngoSeptemba 1998, okokuqala wazuza ithandwa abaninzi.
USB 2.0	Usungulo ku-Epreli 2000, uguqulelo yesibini zojongano features a ngakumbi indlela ngesantya esiphezulu High-Speed operation entsha,.	Low-Speed Mode: 1.5 Mbit / s Full-Speed Mode: 12 Mbit / s High-Speed Mode: 25-480 Mbit / s
USB 3.0	Isizukulwana zakutshanje ze USB, uya kufumana kuphela izalathi ehlaziyiweyo zesikhundla, kodwa nawo eziluhlaza / ebomvu. Umhla ingenzeka - 2008.	Ukuya ku 600 MB ngesekhondi
USB 3.1	Uphuhliso olulolunye wohlaziyo wesithathu, eyapapashwa Julayi 31, 2013. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iinguqulelo ezimbini apho ukunika nayiphi ihard diski kunye USB-Isidibanisi isantya esiphezulu ukuya gigabits-10 ngomzuzwana.	USB 3.1 Gen 1 - ukuya ku-5 Gb / s USB 3.1 Gen 2 - ukuya ku-10 Gbit / s

Ukongeza kule zemigaqo, iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo USB iyaphunyezwa kwaye kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo siyawazi. Phakathi iintlobo kweentambo nezidibanisi ukuba ukukhululwa interface:

USB 2.0	standard	mini	micro
uhlobo A
uhlobo B

USB 3.0 thembisa olunye uhlobo entsha - C. Cables elolu hlobo macala kwaye lifakwa kwifowuni efanelekileyo nangapha.

Kwelinye icala, wohlaziyo wesithathu ayiboneleli Mini and Micro «zenyathi» neengcingo kohlobo A.

enye Ucingo lomlilo

Ngokuba konke kwayo, eSATA, kwaye USB - hayi zonke iinketho kwi ukudibanisa njani kwisidibanisi zangaphandle hard drive kwi computer.

Ucingo lomlilo - kancinane kangako kakuhle waziwa phakathi inginginya i-high speed interface. Ibonelela uqhagamshelo serial bezixhobo yangaphandle, ezo kuxhaswa inani kuquka HDD.

impahla isochronous ugqithiselo layo data kakhulu wafumana isicelo yayo kubugcisa yemultimedia (khamera, abadlali-DVD, izixhobo digital audio). hard eqhagamshelwe kubo phi, kuqalwa wada wabiliswa uphela okanye ephuculiweyo USB-interface.

ukusebenza kwayo phambili zobugcisa, obu bugcisa iye yazuza ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngoko ke, inguqulelo yokuqala ye-Ucingo lomlilo 400 (1394a) kwaba ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu nembangi yayo engundoqo, ngoko USB 1.0 - 400 megabits ngesekhondi xa kuthelekiswa 12. Ubude Intambo eliphezulu - 4.5 yeemitha.

Ukufika USB 2.0 ushiye ngasemva ngumdlali welinye icala, ukuvumela ukuba babelane data kwi megabits 480 intshizi ngesekondi. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ngokukhululwa Ucingo lomlilo yentlanganiso 800 (1394b), ukuvumela ukuba ukudlulisela megabits 800 ngomzuzwana kunye bobude intambo leemitha 100, USB 2.0 ibe ngaphantsi ezifunwayo emarikeni. Oku kwabangela uphuhliso nenguqulelo sesithathu jikelele Bus Uthotho, zandiswa isilingi exchange data ukuya ku-5 Gbit / s.

Ukongeza, isici esasenza Ucingo lomlilo lo waye wazinabisa izinto. Ukudluliselwa kolwazi nge-USB-interface ngokuyimfuneko kufuna ubukho PC. Ucingo lomlilo ivumela ukuba babelane data phakathi izixhobo ngaphandle ukuba asebenzise ikhompyutha ivelise.

lokuduma

umbono wakhe into drive isinxibelelanisi nzima kufuneka kwixesha elizayo abe umgangatho ekuzibonakaliseni, Intel wabonisa le nkampani ngokudibene ne-Apple, ebonisa lojongano lokuduma ehlabathini (okanye, ngokwegama lakhe ikhowudi endala, ukuKhanya Peak).

Yakhelwe on PCI-E kunye lwazi bolwakhiwo lwempahla DisplayPort, oku kwenza kube lula ukuba nokudlulisela data, i-odiyo, ividiyo kunye negunya phezu izibuko eyodwa ngesantya omhle ngokwenene - ukuya ku-10 Gb / s. Kwiimvavanyo kanye, babengama-kancinane athobekile kwaye wafikelela ubuninzi 8 GB / s. Nangoku ke, lokuduma esikuhlelayo analogue yayo abasenyongweni Ucingo lomlilo 800 USB 3.0, bangabi sakhunjulwa kunye eSATA.

Kodwa njengokuba ezisasazwayo le mbono nathembisayo izibuko owodwa kwaye isinxibelelanisi okwangoku zifunyenwe. Nangona abanye abenzi ngoku bafakwe ngempumelelo izihlanganisi drives lwangaphandle nzima, interface lokuduma. Kwelinye icala, ixabiso amathuba zobugcisa bugcisa naye enkulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ihlangana eli kuphuhliso ikakhulu phakathi izixhobo ophezulu amaxabiso.

Ihambisana kunye USB kunye Ucingo lomlilo aokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-adaptha efanelekileyo. Le ndlela akumenzi ngokukhawuleza ngokwemiqathango data, t. To. Zombini interfaces bandwidth nangoku kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Uncedo nantsi enye kuphela - lokuduma asiyo nto umda kunye uqhagamshelwano olunjalo, evumela ukusetyenziswa onke amathuba zobugcisa USB kunye Ucingo lomlilo.

SCSI and SAS - koko bakuvayo, asingabo bonke

Enye imbonakalo enxuseneyo ukudibanisa izixhobo peripheral ukushifta ugxininiso kwenye indawo yophuhliso wayo, ukususela kwi desktop ukuya uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo.

«Small Computer System Interface» yaphuhliswa ngaphambili kancinane wada wabiliswa II. Ngexesha lokugqibela, zombini ujongano kwi mihlaba phantse twatse omnye komnye, nako ukunika isinxibelelanisi ukudibanisa i drive yomsebenzi onzima esitalini ngeekhompyutha. Noko ke, SCSI esetyenziswa ibhasi eqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba yintoni na umlawuli unako ukusebenza enye yamacebo ezidityanisiweyo kuphela.

ukuphuculwa ngakumbi ubuchwepheshe, ethe wafumana igama elitsha SAS (Uthotho SCSI Okuqhotyoshelwe), ukuba sele baphangwe amaphutha ayo bangaphambili. SAS evumela iifowuni ukuba ukudibanisa iseti imiyalelo SCSI elawulwa yi-interface emzimbeni, nto leyo efana ukuya wada wabiliswa efanayo. Noko ke, amathuba okuvumela ukuba uxhulumane nzima kuphela drive izihlanganisi, kodwa ixesha elininzi kwezinye peripherals (abashicileli, yabavavanyi, njalo njalo. D.).

Usekela "babebizwa ashushu" izixhobo, dilators ibhasi ngaxeshanye ukudibanisa ezininzi SAS-izixhobo ukuba izibuko omnye, yaye inika ngezisebenzelwanoezibuya umva kunye wada wabiliswa uphela.

amathemba NAS

Indlela umdla ukusebenza imithamo amakhulu data, ukufumana ngokukhawuleza kuthandwa kwizangqa namhlanje.

Network Okuqhotyoshelwe Storage , okanye NAS kuba elifutshane eyahlukileyo yekhompyutha abanye idiski uluhlu, oludityaniswe kuthungelwano (ngokuqhelekileyo sendawo) kwaye inikeza ukugcinwa kunye nokudluliselwa kweenkcukacha kwezinye iikhompyutha ixhulumane.

Xa indima yayo yokugcina inethiwekhi ezinye izixhobo, le seva mini elidityaniswe nge Ethernet-zesiqhelo intambo. ukufikelela esisesinye izigcwangciso zayo ngokusebenzisa njengawuphi na umkhangeli zincwadi kuxumano NAS kule dilesi womnatha. data ekhoyo kulo zingasetyenziswa Ethernet-USB, kwaye sebenzisa i-Wi-Fi.

Le iteknoloji kwenza kube lula ukuba zibe kumgangatho ngokwaneleyo ngamandla yokugcina ulwazi aze anikezele lula ukuba ukufikelela lula kubantu omthembileyo.

Iimpawu kokuxhuma drives nzima laptops

HDD operation Umgaqo ikhompyutha emileyo lulula kakhulu kwaye kucacile ukuba wonke umntu - kwiimeko ezininzi kufuna intambo efanelekileyo ukudibanisa izihlanganisi amandla disk hard unit ngamandla yaye ngokufanayo ukuqhagamshela ifowuni motherboard. Xa usebenzisa sangaphandle, ungenza kuyenza nje omnye uloliwe (Power eSATA, lokuduma).

Kodwa ukuba usebenzise indlela izihlanganisi of kwincwadi nzima drives? Ngapha koko, uyilo kudinga ukuba uthathe ingqalelo ezinye bokuqonda eziliqela.

Kwindawo yokuqala, ukudibanisa izixhobo zokugcina ngqo 'ngaphakathi' zecebo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo into yokuba HDD ifomu factor kufuneka okhethiweyo njenge 2.5 "

Okwesibini, laptop hard drive eqhagamshelwe motherboard ngqo. Ngaphandle naziphi na iintambo ezongezelelweyo. Nje ukhulule emazantsi pre-off isiciko for HDD. Kuye ifomu uxande lidla imvelaphi inyuselwa khona isikali iibholiti. Ngoko ke umthamo kwaye kufuneka ukuba abeke icebo lokugcina.

Zonke izihlanganisi of kwincwadi nzima drives ziyafana kakhulu kwi "umzalwana" zayo ezinkulu; eyenzelwe PC.

Enye uqhagamshelo ukhetho - ukusebenzisa i-adaptha. Umzekelo, drive wada wabiliswa uphela III nga kuqhagamshelaniswa nge-USB-kumazibuko ziyafumaneka kwi laptop ngoncedo zombini wada wabiliswa uphela-USB (emarikeni amelwe abaninzi zezi zixhobo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo interfaces).

Kwanele ukudibanisa i HDD ukuya zombini. Ngoko, ke, kufuneka idityaniswe 220V ugesi. Nentambo USB ukuqhagamshela lonke isakhiwo kunye laptop, ngoko ke hard drive zizakuboniswa, kuxhomekeke kwindlela icandelo enye ngaphezulu.