Oxide copper

Cuprum (Cu) kubhekiselele kwinani lwesinyithi engasebenziyo. Lubonakala yi ukuyilwa anemichiza kunye namachibi States of +1 no-phinde ngo 2. Hi xikombiso, le oxides ezimbini, yikhompawundi lweziqalelo ezimbini Cu neoksijini O: igcwala karhulumente +1 - Cu2O oxide cuprous kwaye igcwala karhulumente-phinde ngo 2 - oxide ubhedu Čuo. Nangona yokuba zibandakanya izinto ezifanayo imichiza, kodwa elowo kubo uneempawu zawo ezizodwa. Xa metal ebandayo akathandanga okwanamhlanje kakhulu oksijini emoyeni, legqunyiwe umboniso, nto leyo oxide sobhedu, nto leyo ethintela igcwala izixhobo cuprum. Xa itshiswe, into elula kunye nenombolo ukulandelelana 29 lwezakhi sele oxidized ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko ke 'ukusekwa oxide yobhedu (II): 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO.

oxide yinto eqinileyo sinombala-red ezinobunzima beemolekyuli ka 143,1 g / nolovane. Umchiza has lobushushu yokunyibilika a ka-1235 ° C, abilayo point of 1800 ° C. Oku akuthethi ukunyibilika emanzini kodwa esixutywe asidi. oksayidi copper Khula (I) e isisombululo ammonia (ngokwendawo), yakha ezingenambala olunzima [Cu (NH3) 2] +, leyo ngokulula oxidized umoya ukuya ammonia esimbaxa umbala oluhlaza-nemfusa [Cu (NH3) 4 (H2O) 2] 2+ ukunyibilikisa e zehydrochloric acid zenze CuCl2. Kwimbali semiconductor physics Cu2O ngomnye izinto ezininzi ngaye.

oksayidi copper (I), eyaziwa ngokuba igaya na iipropati ezisisiseko. Lingalungiswa yi igcwala le metal: 4Cu + O2 → 2 Cu2O. Elimsulwa ezifana namanzi kunye acid ukuchaphazela izinga yale nkqubo, kwaye igcwala ngakumbi oxide ayoni. oxide Cuprous songanyibilikisswa sulphuric acid, ngaloo ndlela bakha zesinyithi ehlambulukileyo, ityuwa yayo: H2SO4 + Cu2O → Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. A icebo ofanayo yokusebenzisana le oxide kunye neqondo igcwala ngentsimbi elinye kunye nezinye ii-asidi ioksijini-equlethe. Xa indlela oxide acid kunye nefom ityuwa halogenated monovalent metal: 2HCl + Cu2O → 2CuCl + H2O.

Kufunyenwe oksayidi copper (I) kwindalo njengoko ore obomvu (eli gama ubudala, kunye ezifana lwesardiyo Cu), okuthiwa "Cuprite". On nokubunjwa kwayo kuthatha ixesha elide. Ingaveliselwa ngokuzenzela okanye kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu oxygen. Okside ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa fungicide, njengoko sombala, njengoko arhente egxotha kwamanzi kwi ipeyinti okanye elwandle, kwaye zisetyenziswa njengesixhobo.

Nakuba kunjalo, isiphumo weli kunye Cu2O indlela kwemichiza eziphilayo inokuba yingozi. Xa imuncwe, yenza ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhohlela, kunye zizilonda kunye perforation le phecana sokuphefumla. Xa ukuginyile, kukucaphukisa iphecana zesisu, ephelekwa ukugabha, iintlungu kunye norhudo.

Higher oxide ngobhedu Imbonakalo ngumgubo omdaka ukuya abamnyama. Oku kwenzeka ngokwemvelo njengoko ngezimbiwa, "ndenze" ngohlobo olulo ecocekileyo. kwithempritsha yayo yokunyibilika yi 1326 ° C, abilayo ingongoma 2,000 ° C. Kuyinto ezingenakunyibilika emanzini, utywala, ammonium hayidroksayidi, umxube ammonium carbonate. Enyibilikayo izisombululo zolwelo ze ammonium chloride kunye potassium benqanda. Oku eqinileyo abamnyama zingafumaneka ngokufudumeza e Cu emoyeni. Noko ke, kule meko 'ukusekwa oxide Cu. Ukulungiswa oxide sobhedu Čuo optionally nge zokufudumeza zakhi:

• copper (II) nitrate 2Cu (NO3) 2 4 → NO2 + O2 + 2CuO;

• copper (II) hayidroksayidi Cu (OH) 2 → H2O + Čuo;

• copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 → CO2 + Čuo.

Cuprum (II) oxide ezingundoqo, ngoko esixutywe asidi nezimbiwa (zehydrochloric, sulphuric kunye ne-nitric) ukunika esihambelanayo divalent Cu iityuwa:

• 2HCl + Čuo → CuCl2 + H2O;

• H2SO4 + Čuo → CuSO4 + H2O;

• 2HNO3 + Čuo → Cu (NO3) 2 + H2O.

Iba neziphumo oksayidi copper (II) kunye kanzulu kwealkali ukwenza ityuwa: 2 Koh + Čuo + H2O → K2 [Cu (OH) 4].

Le oksayidi nazo kuncitshiswa ukuba ebuntsimbi Cu ukusabela kunye hydrogen okanye carbon monoxide :

• H2 + Čuo → Cu + H2O;

• CO + Čuo → Cu + CO2.

Ukusetyenziswa oxide yobhedu (II) kwi iiseramikhi (njengoko sombala) ukuba njengeceba (blue, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ezipinki, angwevu okanye emnyama). Ithi isetyenziswe additive ukutya isilwanyana ukunciphisa ukunqongophala cuprum emzimbeni. Le izinto esirhabaxa, apho kuyimfuneko izixhobo Polish okubonakalayo. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni neebhetri owomileyo nokulungiselela ezinye neetyuwa Cu. Umchiza lisetyenziswa Čuo aluminiyamu iwelding zezobhedu.

Ukwazi inamehlo yemichiza Čuo kungaba yingozi emzimbeni womntu. Xa imuncwe, ebangela ukuluma semiphunga. oksayidi copper (II) kunokubangela umphunga fever sisinyithi (MFF). Mitran oksayidi kuphakamisa utshintsho umbala eluswini, ukuze abanengxaki nokubona. Xa tapeworm njengoko igaya kukhokelela ityhefu, nto leyo sikhatshwa iimpawu ukugabha kunye neentlungu.