Carbon monoxide

Ngenxa yokutsha engaphelelanga le carbon okanye iimveliso eziqulathe ngayo, yenza carbon monoxide (CO) okanye carbon monoxide. Amanye amagama le nto zinetyhefu yokungabi umbala okanye ivumba (oko kubangelwa hayi carbon monoxide, izinto eziphilayo kunye ubumdaka), - carbon oxide (II) okanye carbon monoxide. mninzi yawo 0 ° C ilingana 0,00125 g / cm³. Xa amaqondo obushushu thabatha 192 ° C sidluliselwa ukusuka sukube kurhulumente engamanzi, yaye thabatha 205 ° C - okuqinileyo. lobushushu Autoignition dibanisa 609 ° C. Oxide enyibilikayo kancinane emanzini (0.0026 g in ml 100), kodwa enyibilikayo chloroform, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ammonium hayidroksayidi, benzene. It inobunzima izinyo ka-28,0101 g / Mol.

Ngaphezu koko monoxide zikwabizwa kunye nezinye oxides carbon. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi carbon dioxide okanye carbon dioxide (CO2), apho iveliswa ukutshiswa epheleleyo carbon (free, wabopha). It is a gas ezingenambala kunye incasa emuncu kancinane, kodwa ukuba iphunga. Kuyinto ezinyibilikayo kakhulu emanzini, ngaloo ndlela ukuzazi CO asidi carbon hayidroksayidi (OH) 2 okanye asidi H2CO3. Ikhabhoni suboxide (C3O2) yigesi enetyhefu ngaphandle umbala, kodwa ivumba elibukhali angafi. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kulula polymerize, ekugqibeleni ukuvelisa izinto ezingenziwanga enyibilikayo emanzini kunye namabala e ebomvu, emthubi okanye emfusa. Kukho nezinye oxides carbon ezo ngaphantsi eyaziwa kakuhle yaye isakhiwo yomgama okanye elibujikele. Iifomula kolu ngcelele ziyahluka ukusuka C2O2 ukuya C32O8. Ukongeza kukho into polymeric, ezifana grafayithi oxide yayo, zinemoletyhule yakhiwa izakhi C no O kunye nenani zombini athom zinokwahluka.

Carbon monoxide ezifunyenwe yi igcwala kwenxenye carbon (a shoestring) lwerhasi carbon oksijini. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha nokusebenza eziko okanye injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kwindawo azifakwanga. Xa kukho ioksijini, carbon monoxide etshayo ilangatye oluhlaza ukwenza icarbon dioxide: 2Co + O2 → 2CO2. Coke (okanye amalahle) negesi, apho lisetyenziswa jikelele 60s kwinkulungwane engaphambi ukukhanyisa ngaphakathi, ukupheka kunye nokuzifudumeza, kubandakanywa ukwakheka yayo ukuya kwi-10% carbon monoxide. Ekubeni ukutshiswa CO, isixa esikhulu ubushushu, igesi loo licandelo exabisekileyo yesibaso. Ezinye iinkqubo zobugcisa zale mihla (umz, ihagu intsimbi) nangoku sikhatshwe ukuyilwa a yi-kwimveliso, ezifana carbon monoxide. Lwemvelaphi inkulu ehlabathini carbon monoxide imvelaphi yemvelo basabele nomsi ezenzeka kwi eziFihliweyo yaye adala malunga 5 • 1012 kg ngonyaka ngamnye. Neminye imithombo yendalo carbon monoxide ezi mlilo, imililo ehlathini, kunye nezinye iinkqubo komlilo.

Ukususela imichiza uluvo oluthile, nto iphawulwa carbon monoxide nokunciphisa iipropati notyekelo Ngaphezu ngayo. Kodwa le mikhwa ezimbini ziboniswa kuphela xa amaqondo obushushu eziphakamileyo apho carbon monoxide na edibene ezithile zesinyithi, chlorine, ioksijini nesalfure. Le wentsimbi kusetyenziswa amandla ukwimo ngokufudumeza ukubuyisa iintsimbi ezininzi oxides. Xa indlela iklorin eyenziweyo igesi phosgene: CO + Cl2 ↔ COCl2. Oku a ityhefu, esetyenziswa organic yokuqaphela, ukuba kancinci ibolile ngamanzi ngokutsho equation reaction: COCl2 + 2H2O → H2CO3 + 2HCl.

Carbon monoxide unako iqhotyoshelwe ngqo kwiqondo lobushushu ephakamileyo kunye noxinzelelo ukuba izinto ezithile zesinyithi ukwenza carbonyls netyhidiweyo iikhompawundi ezinzima: Ni (CO) 4, Mo (CO) 6, Fe (CO) 5 kunye nabanye. Carbon monoxide (II) kungenziwa wasabela ngokuba ammonia kwi kuvala (thoria ThO2) kwi-500 ° C kunye ukuyilwa hydrogen benqanda: CO + NH3 HCN + H2O →.

Carbon monoxide yityhefu ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni. Iipropati yityhefu carbon monoxide ngenxa ukukwazi layo ukuba asabele lisenza kunye ngehemoglobin egazini, ngaloo ndlela yokulahleka ubuchule mpilo ukuba iiseli kunye nezihlunu umzimba. Oko kukuthi, uza uhlobo hypoxia hematic. Kungenjalo, ibizwa (ngenxa mpilo umthamo ophantsi igazi) negazi. Kwakhona carbon oxide (II) inxaxheba indlela, ukuphazamisa ancedisana umzimba balance ezinto eziphilayo. Ityhefu Easy ikhatshwe intloko ebuhlungu, ukuyinkala phezu iitempile, isiyezi, iintlungu esifubeni, kunye ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo, amehlo alilayo, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, nemibono ezibonwayo kunye nezinto ezikhalayo, kwaqapheleka ulusu kunye inwebu yangaphakathi, tachycardia, ukwanda koxinzelelo. Xa yokozela oluphakathi kunye iiseti (lo gama kugcinwe bengasenasazela) motor ukukhubazeka. Ityhefu ezimandundu luphawulwa iimpawu ezifana abafundi inimba, ilahleko osezingqondweni, unditsho, angabikho zingqondweni, ukusilela yokuphefumla, iyinqambi ngobhobhozo ngokuzenzekelayo of endleni kunye nomchamo, isikhumba oluhlaza kunye ngenwebu yangaphakathi. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa ukusilela kwentliziyo nokuphefumla.