Postmodernism kwimifanekiso. Abameli beemodernism

I-Postmodernism kwimifanekiso yindlela yokuhlaziya ubugcisa obubonakalayo, ebonakala kwikhulu lemashumi amabini kwaye ithandwa kakhulu eYurophu naseMerika.

Postmodernism

Igama leli gama liguqulelwe ngokuthi "emva kwamhla". Kodwa ngoko-postmodernism engabonakaliyo ayinakuqonda. Oku akusikho nje isikhokelo sobugcisa - kubonakaliswa kwimbono yomntu, isimo somphefumlo. I-Postmodernism yindlela yokuzivakalisa. Iinkalo eziphambili zolu hlobo zichasene nokuqiniswa, ukukhanyela imimiselo, ukusetyenziswa kweefom ezenziwe ngokulungelelanisiweyo, kunye neengxaki.

I-Postmodernism yavela njengendlela yokulwa nesimanje. Ukuhamba kwesi sahluko kwafika kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinamibini. Ngowokuqala igama elithi "postmodernism" lisetyenziswe ngowe-1917 kwinqaku eligxeka ingcamango kaNietzsche ye-superman.

Iingcamango zesimo se-postmodernism zilandelayo:

• Esi sisiphumo sezopolitiko kunye neoconservative ideology, apho i-eclecticism kunye ne-fetish ziphawu.
• Umberto Eco (oza kubhalwa ngezantsi) uchaze lo hlobo njengendlela eyenza ukutshintsha ixesha elinye kwinkcubeko kwenye.
• I-Postmodernism yindlela yokuphinda ucinge ngokudlulileyo, kuba ayikwazi ukutshabalaliswa.
• Eli lixesha elikhethekileyo, ngokusekelwe kukuqonda okukhethekileyo kwehlabathi.
• H. Leten noS. Suleiman bakholelwa ukuba i-postmodernism ayinakuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo yobugcisa.
• Eli lixesha, eyona nto yayiyinkolelo yokuba ingqondo inamandla onke.

Postmodernism kwezobugcisa

Ngethuba lokuqala lo mboniso ubonakaliswe kwiintlobo ezimbini zobugcisa: i-postmodernism kwimifanekiso kunye neencwadi. Amanqaku okuqala alo mkhuba avela kwincwadi yeHerman Gasse I-Steppe Wolf. Le ncwadi yidesktophu yabameli be-subculture - ii-hippies. Kwiincwadi, abalobi njengo-Umberto Eco, uTatiana Tolstaya, uJorge Borges, uVictor Pelevin bangabameli bezithethe zentathu. Enye yeencwadana ezidumileyo kule ndlela "Igama likaRose". Umbhali wale ncwadi ngu-Umberto Eco. Kubugcisa be-cinema, ifilimu yokuqala yokuqala, eyadalwa ngesitayela sexesha elide, yayingu-"Ugly" umfanekiso. Uhlobo lwefilimu luyingozi. Ummeli obalaseleyo we-postmodernism kwi-cinema yi-Quentin Tarantino.

Le ndlela ayizami ukudala nayiphi na i-canon. Ixabiso elilodwa kuphela apha inkululeko yomdali kunye nokungabikho kwemingcipheko yokuzibonakalisa. Umgaqo oyintloko wokumva komntu "konke kuvunyelwe."

UbuGcisa

I-Postmodernism kwimifanekiso yekhulu le-20 yavakalisa ingcamango yayo ebalulekileyo: akukho nto ikhoyo phakathi kwekopi kunye neyokuqala. Le ngcamango yabaculi abasemgangathweni ababonakaliswe ngempumelelo kwimifanekiso yabo-ukuyidala, ukucinga kwakhona, ukuguqula into eyenziwe ngaphambili.

I-Postmodernism kwipayipi yavela kwi-modernism, eyayiye yalahla iiklasi, yonke imfundo, kodwa ekugqibeleni ngokwayo yaba yobugcisa beklasi. Udwebo lufikelele kwizinga elitsha. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho ukubuyela kwixesha elaphambi kwexesha lanamhlanje.

Russian Federation

I-Postmodernism kwimifanekiso yeRashiya yahluma kwi-90 yekhulu le-20. Eyona nto ibonakalayo kulolu hlobo lwezobugcisa bezobugcisa bezobugcisa beqela lokudala "Svoi":

• A.Menus.
• Hyper-Pupper.
• M. Tkachev.
• Max-Maxyutin.
• A. Podobed.
• UP. Veschev.
• S. Nosov.
• D. Dudnik.
• V. Kuznetsov.
• M. Kotlin.

Iqela lokudala "i-OWL" lilungu elilodwa, liqokelelwe kubaculi abahlukahlukeneyo.

I-postmodernism yaseRashiya kwimifanekiso ihambelana ngokupheleleyo nomgaqo-siseko wale khokelo.

Iingcali ezenzile kule hlobo

Abameli abadumileyo kwi-postmodernism kwimifanekiso:

• Joseph Beuys.
• Ubaldo Bartolini.
• V. Komar.
• UFrancesco Clemente.
• A. Melamid.
• UNicola de Maria.
• M. Merz.
• Sandro Kia.
• Omar Galliani.
• UCarlos Maria Mariani.
• ULuigi Ontani.
• Paladino edala.

Joseph Beuys

Lo mculi waseJamani wazalwa ngowe-1921. UJoseph Beuys - ummeli ocacileyo we "postmodernism" kwimifanekiso. Imizobo kunye nezinto zobugcisa zale mculi zifuna ukubonisa zonke iimyuziyam zobugcisa bexesha langoku. I talente yokudweba ibonakaliswe ebusweni bukaYosefu. Ukususela esemncinane, wafunda ukudweba nomculo. Ukutyelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo isicweyo somculi u-Achilles Murtgata. Ngethuba esengumfana wesikolo, uJ. Boyce ufunde inani elikhulu leencwadi kwi-biology, ubugcisa, amayeza kunye nezilwanyana. Ukususela ngowe-1939, isifundo esihlangeneyo esikolweni kunye nomsebenzi kwiseksi, apho wazinakekela khona izilwanyana. Ngowe-1941, emva kokushiya isikolo, washiya njengevolontiya eLuftwaffe. Ekuqaleni wayekhonza njengomsebenzisi we-radiyo, waba ngumqhubi wesibhobho emva. Ngebudeni bemfazwe, uJosef wathenga kakhulu kwaye waqala ukucinga ngokucacileyo ngomsebenzi wezobugcisa. Ngo-1947, uJ. J. Boyce wabhalisa kwi-Academy of Arts, apho, emva kokufundisa kwaye wamkela isihloko soprofesa. Ngowe-1974, wavula iYunivesithi yamahhala, apho wonke umntu angafaka isicelo sokufunda ngaphandle kwemingcele yeminyaka kwaye ngaphandle kwemviwo yokungena. Umzobo wakhe wawuyimifanekiso yopopopote kunye nepiniyini yokukhokelela kunye nomfanekiso wezilwanyana ezahlukileyo, ezifana nemifanekiso yokuguba. Wayengumdwebi kwaye wayesebenzisa isitayela sokubonakalisa intetho, waqhekeza ama-gravestones ngesicelo. UJosef Boyce wafa ngo-1986 eDüsseldorf.

UFrancesco Clemente

Omnye ummeli owaziwayo wehlabathi wesitayela esithi "postmodernism" kumzobo ngumculi waseNtaliyane uFrancesco Clemente. Wazalelwa eNaples ngo-1952. Umboniso wokuqala wemisebenzi yakhe yenziwa eRoma, ngo-1971, wayeneminyaka engama-19 ubudala. Umculi wahamba ngokubanzi, watyelela i-Afghanistan, eIndiya. Umfazi wakhe wayengumdlali wezemidlalo. UFrancesco Clemente wayemthanda iIndiya kwaye kwakukho rhoqo. Wayeyithanda kakhulu inkcubeko yeli lizwe kangangokuba wadibanisa kunye nama-miniaturist aseNdiya kunye neengcweti ekwenzeni iphepha - wayifaka i-gouache encinane kwiphepha elenziwe ngesandla. Udumo olwenziwe kwimifanekiso yokudweba, ebonisa imifanekiso engabonakaliyo yamalungu amaninzi atyunjwa emzimbeni womntu, ezininzi zendalo zakhe zenziwa ngaye kumathoni amaninzi. Kwiminyaka eyi-80 yokuqala yekhulu le-20, wabhala uludwe lweoli. Kwiminyaka engama-90 yekhulu lemashumi mabini, waqala ukusebenza kwindlela entsha yokuzikhethela yona - i-fresco ye-wax. Imisebenzi kaFilime Clemente inxaxheba kwinani elikhulu lemiboniso kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Imisebenzi yakhe ekholisayo yilezo azisa ngazo iimoya zakhe, ukuhlushwa kwakhe ngokomoya, iingcamango nokuzilibazisa. Enye yemiboniso yakhe yokugqibela yabanjwa ngo-2011. UFrancesco Clemente usaphila kwaye esebenza eNew York, kodwa uhlala e tyelela iIndiya.

Sandro Kia

Omnye umculi waseNtaliyali omele i-postmodernism kwimifanekiso. Ifoto yomnye wemisebenzi kaSandro Kia iboniswe kule nqaku.

Akayena nje umculi, naye ungumculi ocacileyo kunye nomdwebo. Udumo lwafika kuye kwiminyaka eyi-80 yekhulu lama-20. Wazalwa uSandro Kia e-Italy ngo-1946. Wafundiswa edolobheni lakubo, uFlorence. Emva kokufunda ezininzi zokuhamba, efuna indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala, ngenxa yokukhangela kwakhe ngo-1970 waqala ukuhlala eRoma, ngowe-1980 waya eNew York. Ngoku uSs Kia uhlala eMiami, ngoko eRoma. Imisebenzi yomculi yaqala ukuboniswa kokubili e-Itali nakwamanye amazwe - kuma-70. I-Sandro Kia ineelwimi lakhe lobugcisa, elizaliswe ngenyameko. Kwimisebenzi yakhe eqaqambileyo imibala. Uninzi lweemifanekiso zakhe zibonisa abantu abanobuqhawe bomzimba. Ngomnyaka we-2005, uMongameli wase-Italy wanikela uSandro Cia igoli legolide ngegalelo lakhe ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko nobugcisa. Inani elikhulu leemizobo ngumdwebi kwiimyuziyam eJamani, eJapan, eSwitzerland, kwaSirayeli, e-Itali nakwamanye amazwe.

IMimmo Paladino

I-Italian-postmodernist. Wazalelwa kwinxalenye esemzantsi yelizwe. Waphumelela kwiKholeji yoBugcisa. Kwimvuselelo yobugcisa obuhle kwiminyaka yama-70, wadlala enye yeendima ezihamba phambili. Wayesebenza ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zokugubungela i-tempera. Ngowe-1980 eVenice, imisebenzi yakhe yaboniswa kuqala kwimiboniso, phakathi kwezinto zokudweba zabanye abaculi bexesha elide. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amagama anjengoSandro Cia, uNicola de Maria, uFrancesco Clemente nabanye. Ngomva kamva ubuncwane bemyuziyam yeSixeko saseBasel bahlela umboniso womzobo weMemo Paladino. Kwaye kwabakho ubuncinci bezinye iidolophu zaseItali. Ukongeza kwimifanekiso, umculi wayengumdwebi.

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wawenza ngo-1980. Iziqwatho zakhe zafumana ukuthandwa ngokukhawuleza. Baye baboniswa eLondon naseParis kwiindibano ezigqwesileyo. Kwiminyaka engama-90 iMimmo yakha umjikelezo wayo wemifanekiso engama-20 emhlophe eyenziwe ngeendlela ezixubekileyo. Umculi wathola isihloko selungu elihloniphekileyo le-Royal Academy of Fine Arts eLondon. Kwakhona uMnu. Paladino ngumlobi weendawo eziza kudlala kwiindawo zokudlala zaseRoma naseArgentina. Udwebo ebomini bukaMimmo wadlala indima ehamba phambili.