Oxalic acid

Reserve diacid carboxylic gross C2H2O4 formula ekuthiwa yi ngendlela nokuhlelwa ethanedioic acid. Le compound kwaziwa elinye igama eliqhelekileyo ngakumbi - oxalic acid. Lakhutshwa kuqala yasekhemesti waseJamani F. Wohler of cyanogen (oxalic acid dinitrile) ngo-1824. ziikristale enemibala le acid unyityilikiswa emanzini ukwenza izisombululo enemibala. ubunzima izinyo yi 90,04 g / Mol. Imbonakalo kufana ziikristale monoclinic enemibala. Kwi-20 ° C 100 g yamanzi itshitshisiwe 8 g oxalic acid. Enyibilikayo acetone, ethanol kunye ethyl kaEtere. Density 1,36 g / cm³. Linyibilike e 189,5 ° C, sublimes ku 125 ° C, abole kwi 100-130 ° C.

Zonke iipropati chemical uphawu le asidi carboxylic, oxalic acid anazo. Ifomula ngayo: HOOC-COOH. Nangona elibhekisele asidi carboxylic kuthiwe organic acid eyomeleleyo (3000 amaxesha enamandla ngaphezu acetic acid): C2O4H2 → C2O4H- + H + (pKa = 1.27) kwaye ngakumbi: C2O4H- → C2O42 - + H + (PK = 4.27). Esters kunye neetyuwa le acid zibizwa ngokuba oxalate. C2O42- oxalate ion i arhente ukunciphisa. Xa indlela oxalic acid kunye nesisombululo potassium permanganate (KMnO4) kunye yokugqibela incamatheliswe isisombululo uba enemibala. Lubonakala ukusabela ingathityazwa kunye indlela kancinci elibaleka alkoholi (esterification) ngenxa apho esters akhiwa: HOOC-COOH + 2HOR ↔ 2H2O + ROOC-COOR.

Kushishino, oxalic acid, ezifunyenwe yi igcwala Imichiza. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuba vanadium kuvala (V2O5) umxube-nitric acid (HNO3) kunye sulphuric (H2SO4) asidi oxidize alkoholi, glycols kunye carbohydrate. Kwakhona indlela efanelekileyo ethylene kunye namachibi iasithilini ne-nitric acid (HNO3) phambi iityuwa palladium of PD (NO3) 2 okanye PdCl2. Oxalic acid iveliswa ukusuka propylene, ulwelo leyo oxidized yi nitrogen dayokhsayidi (NO2). Kuye inkqubo ithemba elihle lokulungisa abasabela ngayo acid kunye sodium hayidroksayidi (NaOH) kunye carbon monoxide (CO) ngokusebenzisa kwisigaba esiphakathi kwe ukubunjwa sodium nikuda: NaOH + CO → HCOONa. Emva koko ke oxalate sodium kwakhiwa yehayidrojini iyekelela: HCOONa + NaOH → NaOOC-COONa + H2 ↑. Of le sodium oxalate kwimeko asidi wafumana oxalic acid: NaOOC-COONa + 2H + → HOOC-COOH + 2Na +.

izicelo Main of oxalic acid - a ukucoca okanye mhlophe. Oxalic acid nga ngempumelelo ukususa namhlwa, zininzi iindlela wokucoca ziquka ikhemikali esimbaxa. Malunga nekota oxalic acid eveliswa isetyenziswa njenge mordant ukuze abe yidayi lesikhumba textile mveliso. Kananjalo zingasetyenziswa njenge reagent (GOST 22180-76) chemistry yohlalutyo. Etandioevaya acid dihydrate (HOOC-COOH • H2O) TU 2431-002-77057039-2006 kunye iqhezu ubunzima into esisiseko ≥ 99,3% isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo kwimveliso organic yomntu kungengokwentlambululo yendawo mhlwa kunye scale metal ibe mhlophe ukuba microscopy sectioning. Iinyosi sebenzisa of sisombululo acid oxalic kunye iqhezu ngobuninzi ka 3.2% isiraphu iswekile yokulwa gazi ekumfimfitheni. Phezu izakhiwo emarmore emhlophe igqityiwe kumphezulu wayo ngayo ukuba kutywinwe nokunika glints.

Oxalic acid kunye oxalates umnikelo izityalo ezininzi, kuquka iti emnyama, zifumaneka izilwanyana. Umonakalo engundoqo abantu inxulunyaniswa ukusilela kwezintso, olwenzeka ngenxa impefumlelwano oxalic acid kunye calcium, okubangela nasemvuleni okuqinileyo calcium oxalate (SaS2O4) - icandelo ophambili ngamatye zezintso. Acid kudale ubuhlungu ngenxa imvula of iikhompawundi ezifana kuzo. Oxalic acid nga lisekwa yokucolwa ethylene evela kokusingqongileyo emzimbeni (umz, anti-icing kuthetha ukuba kuqhutywe moya-moya-moya, kwakunye neminye imithombo eyenziwe ngumntu). iingxaki ezinokuba oxalate emzimbeni womntu zingahlulwa zibe mbini. Okokuqala - ebalulekileyo macrocell calcium ubophelela oxalic acid kunye ukuswela yayo senziwa iiseli ancedisana amalungu. Okwesibini - ukuyilwa amatye zezintso. Isixa esikhulu oxalic acid equlethwe isipinatshi kunye lezikhinkci rhubarb, nangwevu, beetroot, parsley, scallions.