Ngokuma - a ... isebe ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba lifunda iimpawu kunye ngendaleko iphela

Astronomy - isayensi ngamazwi ukuba abantu udale ngokungathi ukulaya ngokwakhe. thina lwenza nge imigqaliselo kunye izibalo ngokoqobo yonke imihla ukuba enze zonke izinto ezintsha, kwaye benza siqaphele ukuba asazi ukuba akukho nto malunga iphela, iinkwenkwezi kunye izijikelezi ikufutshane wezijikelezi-langa. Namhlanje, kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo ngeenkwenkwezi, phakathi apho ezona ziphambili zezi zilandelayo: galactic nesayensi extragalactic, physics, iinkwenkwezi, isayensi, exobiology, astrochemistry kunye ngokuma. ingqalelo okuphelele inzululwazi yakutshanje, ngoku uvule.

meaning

Kwimeko lwenzululwazi ngokuma - inzululwazi omkhulu isifundo iphela. Isisekelo sayo ingcamango esisiseko kunye neefomula ngeenkwenkwezi, inzululwazi kunye nakwimathematika. -sikhokelo inzululwazi ikakhulu ngaphakathi olufundwa ukwakhiwa iphela, isakhiwo, ubudala kunye ngendaleko ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo. Xa lubanzi ingqiqo bathi - umlinganiselo nimana ngeenkwenkwezi, afunyenwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kwaye ithiyori ka, leyo banika ihlabathi Albert Einstein. Kungenxa ukufunyanwa emzimbeni kwi ekuqaleni ngokuma kwenkulungwane yama-20 yaba inzululwazi eyahlukileyo, ngqo, ezisekelwe phezu fomyula kunye nezibalo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku LITHILE uhlobo yinxalenye zexeshana-bulumko, nangenxa ihlabathi alubonwanga kakhulu.

izikolo ezibini - theory enye

Ngoku ngokuma nje inzululwazi kwaye yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini, kwakunye iinzululwazi abameli balo. Empiricists ekuqhubeni umsebenzi wayo mayisekelwe kuphela kokuma imizimba yasezulwini kunye mbandela. Ayenze imifuziselo eyahlukileyo yezinye zokwenene kwi Umhlaba, kuba bakholelwa ukuba nantoni na isiphumo, ukuba kude yokwenene. Bempilo, phezu koko, ubalo, iziphumo kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo. Isiseko umsebenzi wabo ukuze uyaxoka inxalenye ethile isakhiwo imodeli yesikhewu, umngxuma emnyama okanye enye into. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ngokuma - isayensi lifunda iphela, kunye nemigqaliselo esebenzayo, kwaye theory. Zombini ezi zikolo ukuba lamkele lo ingqiqo jikelele - Big Bang Theory. Ngokuhambelana ngawo, isithuba lonke kunye nexesha sisusela once mba ashushu kakhulu kwaye ashinyeneyo. Ngokwahlukileyo kuyo kukho yesibini, ngaphantsi odumileyo, kodwa olungenayo theory intsingiselo. Uthi ukuba indalo - iyunithi isigxina, nto leyo akanasiqalo nasiphelo, okanye ekuqaleni ekuweni.

Idatha apho isayensi

Kukho imigaqo ezintandathu ezisisiseko iphela, asetyenziswa ngokuma:

• Space i isotropic. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izinto isithuba - izijikelezi-langa kunye izijikelezi kunye iminyele kunye nemingxuma emnyama - ukuhamba elingafani, ngaphandle komyalelo ethile, yaye izifundo ngokuma kanye kule ntshukumo. Kwezinye iindawo kokuba Ukuqokelela kuba nembono kummandla isithuba, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu. Xa abanye, phezu koko, ukuba zimke, rarefying isithuba ukuya ubuncinane.
• ukwandiswa lomgadi imida. Ikakhulu ngokuma ufunda nasekusungulweni iphela, kwaye le nkqubo, sinokuthi, kwenzeka kanye phambi kwamehlo ethu. Zonke izinto space, yaye iminyele ezithile kuzinambuzane kude omnye komnye. enkulu iinketho zabo, kokukhona akhawulezayo ukwanda lomgama.
• Space esingqonge yethu, kunye isotropic. Oku kubonisa ukuba uMhlaba, ngokunjalo orbit - ingxenye eziqhelekileyo iphela ukuba ubume ziya kwahluka kangako, yithini, iindawo kufutshane emhlabeni Kepler-36B.
• Ngokutsho kwithiyori Big Bang, lo ubudala uMhlaba, zonke izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, iinkwenkwezi, iminyele kunye nendalo ngokwayo malunga efanayo. Ukuvela mba, abaphandi sokuvalwa ekhulu 20 bhiliyoni eminyaka ubudala, ngoxa iinkwenkwezi endala malunga neebhiliyoni ezili-15 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Apho amanani amakhulu kukhokelela ukuba abembi, ngubani bagubhe zamathambo izirhubuluzi ezinkulu. Ngokwala data, kuvela ukuba Umhlaba uvele ekuqaleni ngaphezu yonke into yonke. Enyanisweni, izazinzulu ziye kudala phantsi yoMgaqo umgama phakathi beminyele. uqikelelo Okuninzi zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba indalo engenamda ngokwemiqathango isithuba kwaye ngokwemiqathango kwexesha.
• Iimfihlelo yonke, leyo kakhulu, kusekelwe amasuntswana yayo incinane - atom. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, nayiphi na indawo efanayo kwicandelo yangaphambili isakhiwo, apho abaphandi bakwazi ukubala. Xa atom hydrogen 10 omnye helium atom.
• Inyaniso yokuba, phezu koko, iqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka thiyori ukwanda abasisigxina iphela kukuba kude omkhulu ukusuka SS quasars kakhulu ngakumbi, abaphila ubomi obububo ngakumbi.

Le modeli khozimologi.Sonke wendalo iphela

Imbali emfutshane indalo yonke eziqulathwe imfundiso odumileyo Big Bang. wazalwa Yena ngenxa ingcamango jikelele Einstein i-ka, leyo isiseko kuphuhliso ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba lwakhokela imodeli mbandela elandayo. Le nguqulo kuqinisekiswa emva kokuba Isazinzulu Hubble juxtaposed umgama phakathi iminyele nesantya ngazo kude omnye komnye. Isiqinisekiso lesithathu ilandelwa ngu G. Gamow, ngubani wafumanisa radiation microwave yangasemva cosmic. Lo mkhuba ongasemva afumaneka kuzo zonke iimbombo iphela kwaye lifana "echo" kwephakade eli le-dubulo.

lobushushu Incredible Bang

Code uzama ukucacisa ukuba abantwana beza njani yonke, esithi ayekade hayi ngaphezulu kwe-ertyisi, kodwa yokusebenza ukukholelwa kunye amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo kuyo. Enyanisweni, imbali emfutshane indalo kakhulu ezahlukene kulo model zokudlala. Ubudala ihlabathi lethu ezingqongileyo kulingana iminyaka engama-20 ezigidi.. Ngelo xesha xa kwindalo ngongoma kuphela, uxinzelelo okuyo kg-10 ^{ukuya kwi-90} / cm ^3. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, amandla kwavela. Hi ndlela leyi, izazinzulu bakholelwa ukuba eli binzana ayikho into eyahlukileyo okanye ezizodwa. Gravity - le Bill of space, apho kungenxa lexinene mbandela. Oku kucacisa into yokuba imizimba eqinileyo cosmic umoya osecaleni (nangona oluncinane), kunye nerhasi, izibonelelo kunye neenkwenkwezi azinayo le ntsimi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba iinkulungwane yonke eyandisiweyo, wakha ethile intsimi omxhuzulane.

iingxaki ngokuma

Ngokusekelwe ingqikelelo ye-Big Bang ziye zakhiwa kwaye kusetyenziswe ezinye ezikhona, leyo, isimiso, unobubi akukho ngaphezu esisiseko. Undoqo kwalo ungquzulwano kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba sikhethekileyo isithuba ngexesha lokuzalwa, na isotropic kule - yinto imfundiso ukuba ukwakhiwa ngokusekelwe isifundo SS. Ngaphandle umzila iiplanethi ezaziwayo kuthi iimeko ngendlela ezahlukeneyo kuba isotropic. Izazinzulu ziye kwakuthe ngokusekelwe iingxaki ezintathu ngokuma, leyo kude ayikwazi ingasombululwa, kodwa zibonelela ukutya ingcamango olunye uphando. Ngezantsi, siya kuqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

isimo sikhethekileyo

It is a imeko leyo likholwe abaninzi ukuba ezendeleyo mbandela yaqala ekuqaleni kungaba nje yesayensi. Ukuxinana Incredible, uhlaba isithuba kunye nexesha, amaqondo emangalisayo - zonke kubalwa iimeko ezisentlabathini ephepheni, kodwa efinyeziweyo imifuniselo ezinjalo akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa yokuba le ngxaki iphambili ngokuma - alahle sikhethekileyo yehlabathi ngexesha ekuqaleni. Kungenzeka, indawo yokuqala yaba urhulumente ezahlukeneyo zenkqunto.

Ukungabikho isotropy

Mbono bakholelwa ukuba yonke indawo kwindawo eyohlobo olulodwa, kodwa amava abonisa ukuba ayikho. Phonononga iinzulu indalo ibonisa ukuba kwindawo enye kukho Iqela okukhulu iminyele kwenye indawo engenanto. Kakade ke, lexinene mba zombini ndawo isithuba isenokungabi njalo. Ngoko sinokuthi indalo anisotropic, nokubunjwa kwayo ngemichiza asiyonto efanayo yonke indawo.

indawo ezivaliweyo okanye evulekileyo?

Ngoku abaphandi iimfihlelo indalo buxoki i kwimimandla ayo, ekufuneka isigqibo isiphumo. Oku kubalwa ingxinano mba, kwaye ukuba ngenxa yoko uya kudlula inqanaba ezibalulekileyo, lo isithuba uya zixinaniswe, kwaye endaweni yoko siya kuba ukudidiyela yomqhaphu. Ukuba konga ngaphantsi kwenqanaba komda, ngoko ke yonke uya ukwandisa ngokungenammiselo, kwaye umlinganiselo isithuba yayo, umthamo, kwaye ixesha nje ibingakholeleki.

Olunye uhlobo ngemvelaphi kunye ngendaleko le Universe

ngokuma Scientific - indawo kolwazi apho kwenziwa izinto ezintsha ngokoqobo yonke imihla, iingcamango uzikise, nganye lililo kwaye ngokoqobo. Ukongeza kukho Bang ingcamango eyaziwa-ekuthiwa ngobhalo asymmetry okanye impefumlelwano mba kunye antimatter. Ekukholelwa ukuba cosmic radiation microwave imvelaphi kwisithuba isoloko kokuba azalwe kwaye gqolo ukuvela ngenxa impefumlelwano mba kunye antimatter. Ezi zinto zimbini kude ngokugcina ngokulinganayo emajukujukwini. Yaloo nto konke malunga esikwaziyo. Antimatter ikhona kuphela abantu izibalo. Kwenza ukukholelwa ukuba lemizuzwana zokuqala ezilishumi emva kokusekwa kwehlabathi kwakukho ukusilela-macala, apho antiparticles kweli abambalwa, xa kuthelekiswa ne-amasuntswana, kwaye isizathu akaziwa.

wamagama

Ngokuma - indawo lolwazi lifunda indalo xa iyonke. Le inzululwazi senkolelo nga sizibuze ukuchaza ngezenzeko ezahlukeneyo yonke, ku hlamusela le okanye intshukumo leminyele neenkwenkwezi.