Radioactive impahla: izinto, imithombo yabo kunye nengozi

Malunga nenkulungwane eyadlulayo, abantu lifikile ixesha elithile - okokuqala isifundo lwe zendalo; kwandule ke radiation ngumntu. Phakathi kwinkulungwane, leyo kuthiwa atomic, kwakukho izinto ezimbini eziphikisanayo:

• Okokuqala, oko iziqhushumbisi atom ka iHiroshima Nagasaki;
• okwesibini, isityalo yokuqala senyukliya Obninsk wavula ehlabathini.

Kwimeko yokugqibela, amandla etshabalalisayo sele a lwesintu yoyilo. Yintoni kukho radioactive materials? Yintoni na into imitha?

Ziziphi izinto radioactive izinto

Okokuqala kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni izinto zihlelwa eqhumayo. Xa inkqubo periodic Mendeleev siquka izinto 120. Ngamnye kubo ubunjwe athom, kunye atom kwezinye izinto lingehla ngaphandle. Oku ukhupha radiation yingozi.

izinto Radioactive imelwe zonke imichiza, amalungiselelo emva akhokele. Total eyaziwa ngokuba ngaphezulu kwama-80 izinto eziyingozi eqhumayo. Umzekelo, oku Radium, France, ಪೇನ್ ipheyini, kwiteksti, bismuth, germanium, atom. Ezinye zazo zifumaneka kwindalo. Abanye bangumsebenzi wezandla zabantu.

Iimpawu kwezinto radioactive

Ingozi ezi zinto ngenxa yokuba bona, kuqala, ayibonakali iliso yabantu. Abanayo akukho umbala, incasa okanye ivumba. Iminyaka emininzi umntu angaphila kufuphi njengomthombo radioactive, nto engazi nto ngayo. Enye inkalo yingozi kule klasi kwezinto kukuba nako kwabo ukuhamba imigama emide ukusuka umthombo wabo. Noko ke, sokonakalisa kwabo akuxhomekekanga imiba yokusingqongileyo.

ingozi Nuclear alunakupheliswa ngokusebenzisa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye imichiza. izinto radioactive inokuba emoyeni, umhlaba, ukutya. Umzekelo, oku kubonakaliswa ukuba uninzi atom ziquka imifuno ezifana zekhaphetshu kunye beetroot.

izinto zemvelo radioactive

Le nkcazelo radioactive ukuba equlethwe zezimbiwa ematyeni ezininzi, leyo esenokuba iziqalelo radioactive ngesixa elinikiweyo. Umzekelo, ezi iindawo oli-ezivelisa of Western eSiberia. Kukho isixa esikhulu iidipozithi uranium, kwakunye nezo izinto ezo iimveliso zayo nokwaphuka - radon, Radium. Kwakhona, izinto radioactive angangena okusingqongileyo nge TPP TPP nabanako ukusebenza kwiintlobo ezithile namalahle.

Imimandla ngokudangazela zendalo radioactive

Imizekelo iindawo radioactive on Earth, apho imitha i yendalo, kusenokuba iilwandle Indian Kerala, iphondo amaTshayina ka Guangdong, apho izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezi emhlabeni, kwakunye kwezinye iinxalenye kummandla Brazil. Kwakhona ukwanda ezikhutshwayo radiation yamatye uphawu imimandla ethile eFransi, Ukraine naseSweden.

Amaxesha amaninzi, izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezinto radioactive eziqulathwe izinto zokwakha. Imizekelo sebenza izinto zokwakha ezifana igrabile, alum phosphate. Ziye ke yakhiwa izixa ophezulu atom, lo gama usebenzisa kwishishini lokwakha liphela ebhodini. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni izinto eziphindaphindiweyo ngalo kwi ithamo radiation gamma ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo.

Ukusetyenziswa radioactive imathiriyeli zokwakha: ngeengozi ezingabonakaliyo

Kwiimeko ezinjalo olufakwe ngaphezu kanye. Umzekelo, kwi eOmsk bakhi ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa kuzaliswa obubambekayo kwimimandla geni i-Northern Kazakhstan yokwakha. Linemali imali ephezulu uranium radioactive, oko kukhokelele zakhiwo imigangatho ephakamileyo kakhulu of radiation gamma.

Kwakhona Kwabekwa xa izinto zokwakha radioactive kusetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo zokuhlala. Le ukuhlukunyezwa Yabhalwa kummandla Yekaterinburg, kwisitishi Kostousova. Kuba ukwakhiwa kweziseko, njengokusamenta, kunye nezinye iintlobo kugudiswa, abasebenzi basebenzisa isanti equlethe thorium eqhumayo.

Kwiimeko ezifana nezi, ebhalwe isethi enkulu. Ku Kazakhstan, Trans-zamanzi kunye neminye imimandla emininzi ezitratweni dusting, amabala okudlala, iiyadi, abakhi wasebenzisa onganeno ores uranium. Oku kwabangela ukunyuka okubonakalayo kwamabala kwemitha yingozi.

imithombo Artificial of ubuthi

izinto Radioactive nazo zibe ngumbandela wezandla zabantu. Kukho imithombo eyahlukeneyo engcolisa okusingqongileyo kunye atom:

1. Kuyinto udubulo yenyukliya ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-oyile.
2. Iimvavanyo ranges zomkhosi.
3. Enterprises zomjikelo amafutha enyukliya.
4. Iingozi kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya.
5. Kwakhona ingozi enkulu alwayo, ezisebenzisa iziqhushumbisi atomic lukhule.
6. Ukulahlwa kwezinto radioactive.
7. ukusetyenziswa Imprudent iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo zobugcisa.

Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto radioactive

Transport of material radioactive lwenzeka ngokuvumelana nemigaqo ezizodwa, apho aye avunywa uMthetho Federal "Xa amandla enyukliya." Kumashishini amaninzi, yokuhamba yinxalenye yazo zonke izinto. kukho inkqubo yokhuseleko esikhethekileyo zothutho ezi izinto.

Balani - yinto into enjalo ogama nuclei yi neutron capture isiqalo nesiqingatha. Nje umphakathi zabo ukuwa, yaye ngaloo ndlela amandla kukhululwa. An izinto Umzekelo fissile ayanceda neyuranium-235, neyuranium-233, neplutoniyam-239, kunye nabanye. Fissile kunye radioactive materials azivumelekanga ukuba yothutho amasiko. kokulawulwa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kwezithandani yokuthutha phesheya umda.