Observatory Greenwich (London)

Greenwich Observatory, amadoda enxibe ixesha elide imeko "basebukhosini 'iye yaba ngumbutho omkhulu ngeenkwenkwezi, kungekhona nje eBritani kodwa ehlabathini.

Umqalisi yendalo yalo uCharles II. Eyona njongo ephambili yale ingcaciso kwakubalulekile oomatiloshe ze zilungelelanise eengingqi. amarhe malunga nendawo yeendawo geographical badla kubangele ukulahleka iinqanawa kunye nokufa.

Greenwich Observatory wayefanele ukuba ibe phambili sigqibo esalimanyanisa apho oomatiloshe ukuba uthembele. Idatha eqokelelwe yaye alungiswa uvumelekile ukuba ibe lula ukukhangela ubukhulu yeelwandle kunye neelwandle ze bafumane indlela, naxa siphambuke endleleni.

Isiseko lomlinganiselo echazwe wobude - ngokwezelizwe zilungelelanise esetyenziswayo yokubala umgama phakathi ngongoma kunye nomnye umntu ekufumaneni kwindawo ethile.

Ukubalwa yeside kumhlaba akuzange kube nzima - wayesele kwavela izixhobo ucando. Kodwa ulwandle (okanye ulwandle) usebenzisa iindlela eqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka, kuba izinto ezikhethekileyo ukuba zibekwe phezu kwamanzi. A yindlela ethembekileyo nasentshonalanga elwandle zange khona de kweyeshumi elinesibhozo.

England, ukuba amandla emanzini, aza afuna iindlela ukufumanisa owehlayo na babeziindleko ezivulekileyo amanzi.

Kakade ke, kwenzeka ukuhamba njengangaphambili, iinkwenkwezi. Kodwa ngokucacileyo akwanelanga. Ewe, kwaye ezi benchmarks ngosuku namafu inkungu zange isebenze.

Ngowe-1675 (Matshi) UCharles II umisela John Flamsteed ngeenkwenkwezi Royal. Umfundisi young nyaka-28 ubudala, inika isikhokelo: "... ngenkuthalo ezizodwa kunye nokhathalelo ukuba athabathe uxolelaniso itafile amazulu intshukumo kunye nendawo ukukhanya ukuphucula ubugcisa navigation ...".

Kulo nyaka (ngoMatshi), Observatory Greenwich ufumana phantsi emsebenzini. Iziphumo ubonwa bapapashwa kwincwadi yokuqala "Marine Almanac" emva kweminyaka emibini kuphela emva kokuqalisa mkhanya.

Umsebenzi omkhulu kwenziwa Greenwich Observatory, ngokoqobo flips navigation zaselwandle kwaye unika UK ithuba lokuba compiler enkulu (elwandle-okokoko) amakhadi zaselwandle.

Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi aye baqhubeka ukusebenzisa inkqubo yabo zemilinganiselo entshonalanga.

Italy ligxile amaza e Naples, Switzerland - e Stockholm, Spain - Ferro eFransi - eParis. Kodwa nemfuneko yenkqubo reference oqhelekileyo ngexesha yehlabathi kunye owehlayo sekucaca.

Kulo mba, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuhlela International Conference (1884). Kuba inyanga yonke abameli kumazwe angamashumi amabini anesihlanu bengakwazi ukufikelela ukusilela. Ekugqibeleni, waba incopho yothelekiso of Greenwich e London, eyaziwa ngoku njengokuba yeGreenwich okuyi. Longitude wagqiba ukulinganisa kumacala amabini - HIV (nezide empuma) nekhabayo (ntshona).

Izibane Street eLondon iye ku-1930 Kukhazimlayo, yaye kuqhutyekwe-up leenkwenkwezi kwi wobandlululo akazange kakade kunokwenzeka. Greenwich Observatory waya Herstmonceux (Sussex County, 70 km ukusuka kwindawo eyayisakuba indawo Observatory). Iqela eziseleyo izakhiwo wadlulela National Maritime Museum. Ngowe-1990, ngeenkwenkwezi kwafuneka ukuba ahambe kwakhona, eli xesha eCambridge. Ngowe-1998, i-Greenwich Observatory (Royal) lavalwa.