Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Bulgakov

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich wazalwa ngo-1891, 3 (15) ka May. Wazalwa eyayiseKiev. Abazali umbhali elizayo - Barbara M. (nee bambongozayo), umfundisi, emva - umhloli kwizifundo yamabhinqa. UYise - njengotitshala, wasebenza e Kiev Theological Academy. Michael wayengunyana ngowamazibulo kusapho enkulu apho kwakukho amasiko beqine kunene. Ubuchule Bulgakov kunye engobomi bakhe ethi, siya ukuchaza kweli nqaku.

ISifundo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, nothando ngenxa yeqonga, uncwadi, umtshato

Imfundo wokuqala yayo e Kiev yokuzilolonga. Umbhali elizayo izidanga ezimbini kuphela amanqaku esemagqabini - ngokomthetho kaThixo, kunye nokwakheka kwaso. Ngeli xesha ke unomdla yeqonga (eyaziwa, umzekelo, xa intliziyo "Aida" yaye "Faust") ifundeka "ngomdla" Saltykov- Shchedrina kunye Gogol kwakhona kuvela imveliso yokuqala, kuzo Bulgakov sibonile.

Ngowe-1907, uyise wafa. Ngowe-1913, Bulgakov watshata TN Lappe.

udokotela umsebenzi

Ithuba ukususela 1916 ukuya 1917 - ekupheleni Kiev University, apho wayefunda kwi-Faculty of Medicine. Bakhululwe ikhwelo le sifo, nathi sinomdla umbhali iya Zemstvo ukuya kwisibhedlele kuyo. Le ndawo yayimi kwidolophana Nikolskoye (yephondo ESmolensk). Ke kaloku emva kwethuba waya Vyazma. "Amanqaku ugqirha oselula" zabhalwa esekelwe kumava afunyenwe ngeli thuba.

Practice in Kiev

Ngowe-1918 Bulgakov wabuyela eKiev, apho ezama ukuzibandakanya yezonyango (private - njani izifo ezifana neegcushuwa volnopraktikuyuschy). Ngeli xesha, ngokutsho kombhali, wabizwa ngokuba ngugqirha bonke abasemagunyeni luhlala isixeko kwinkonzo rhoqo. Kodwa Bulgakov wakwazi ukubaleka, kwaye iRed Army, kwaye ukusuka Petliura, "engage" kuye.

emkhosini, umsebenzi nobungcali iincwadi

Ngowe-1919-1920 ezi ziganeko zilandelayo kwenzeka kubomi zombhali. Bulgakov waye "bahlanganiswa" Denikin wathumela yaseNorth Caucasus kunye lwezintlu. Apha waba inxaxheba iincwadi umsebenzi: ngeli xesha kwakukho amabali wokuqala amaphephandaba Vladikavkaz kunye Grozny, abonisa intshukumo uvelwano emhlophe, imbono njenge "yelishwa yembali," lo shela ka Nicholas II, njl Uye inxaxheba njenge ugqirha ekulweni. Denikin, ebaleka ngaphantsi Ukuhlasela oluBomvu Army, wawa yesifo Bulgakov ukuba ukuzimela, nto leyo wakhonza njengoko njengesiseko ukuphoxeka kule "namaqabane-in-iingalo." Mr uMikhail luqala ukufika umsebenzi sub-division ebomvu kwezobugcisa. umsebenzi wakhe iingxelo malunga yaseChekhov kunye Pushkin, ebhalela nemidlalo yeqonga lasekuhlaleni, enye kuzo, kuthiwa "Paris Thethani", wada waya eMoscow, sithembele kwimpumelelo intengiso kulo mzi khuphiswano.

Ukufudukela eMoscow

Ngowe-1921, uMnu uMikhail wafika e Moscow, apho waya kusebenza kwi nesithuba sikanobhala kwisebe boncwadi kwi yaBantu Commissariat. Ukufuna umsebenzi ukuya ekuqaleni nep, ngokufuthi utshintsha indawo yakhe inkonzo: umhleli kwi umlando elinye langasese amaphephandaba, nosaziwayo, iinjineli, njl Ngelo xesha nye luhlala phezu imiyezo, indlu yokuhlala zoluntu, nto leyo kanye ababekolo umenzi icuba. Amaxesha amaninzi lenkolo zokuhlala №50 kuya kwenzeka ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi enza umsebenzi Bulgakov.

Ngowe-1922, uMnu uMikhail inxaxheba eprintiweyo eendaba - kwiimagazini ezifana "uphondo", "Umsebenzi", "iphephancwadi oluBomvu lonke", "kaloliwe", "Krasnaya Niva" kunye nabanye.

SeNtsebenziswano "isandi socofo", imisebenzi emitsha kunye umtshato entsha

Ithuba ukususela ngowe-1922 ukuya 1926 - nentsebenziswano kwiphephandaba phantsi kwegama "Whistle" ize iprintwe 'eve "e Berlin kwiphephandaba Russian, umhleli ogama - AN Tolstoy, ngelo xesha abazange bade babuya ekuthinjweni.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Bulgakov kwiminyaka 1923-1924 ukubonisa ziganeko zibini zilandelayo ezinkulu. Ngowe-1923, akubonakala inoveli "Amanqaku phezu cuffs." Kunyaka olandelayo, uMnu uMikhail idibana L. E. Belozerskoy, babuya ekuthinjweni eParis, utshata naye.

Ngowe-1925, umsebenzi Bulgakov iyaqhubeka. Ivela "Diaboliad" - ingqokelela yokuqala, eliquka amabali satirical. Wandule ke ukuya kwaye yingqokelela yamabali ngokuba "Ukukhubazeka okupheleleyo Amaqanda". Lonyaka nawo uye wabalasela nokudalwa ngqangi "Intliziyo Dog '- umsebenzi kwiminyaka kuphela emva 60 sapapashwa.

Ukufuna Bulgakov

NgoMeyi 1926, Bulgakov kwaqhutywa yi-OGPU search, lixhakamfule elo ngqangi ngasentla, kwakunye kwiidayari. Umbhali, ebhekisela ngokuphindaphindiweyo emcela ukuba abuyele ezi zinto kungekho nto kwabo izicelo, akukho impendulo, uthi sekumbovu ngaphandle Russian Union of lababhali ngokuqaqadeka. Emva kweli phepha, kuquka ngqangi "The Intliziyo Dog" wabuyela Bulgakov.

Imisebenzi engama-1925-1928

Kule minyaka 1925-1926 kuza umjikelo "Amabali", kwakunye yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane osihloko sithi "Amanqaku ugqirha oselula."

Kwithuba ukususela kwiminyaka 1925 ukuya 1927 zezi ziganeko zilandelayo. inoveli "I-White Guard" zadalwa. Kwingcaciso yakhe play 'Days of Turbin "yabhalwa wayinikela ngo-1926, nto leyo yadlalwa e Moscow Art Theatre yabanjwa ngexesha elifanayo.

Ukususela ngowe-1926 ukuya 1928 uMikhail Bulgakov, ubomi nomsebenzi thaca kule phepha, wabhala umdlalo obizwa "Ukuqhuba", kuphela ngowe-1957, xa babona abaphulaphuli.

Ngowe-1926 kwakhona umdlalo "Zoyka yokuhlala" idalwe, leyo ndibano Vakhtangov Theatre. Kunye "Days of Turbin," ukuba kungekudala sirhoxisiwe ngenxa yoxinzelelo amadlala tendentious.

Ngowe-1928 - isiqwenga esinye ngaphezulu yokubonela ( "Crimson Island"). It sindise seSigqeba Theatre kunyaka omnye, kunjalo, yaye eli xesha phantse nangoko uvaliwe umdlalo.

Ukuvavanywa bobuchule Bulgakov ukuhlalutya uncwadi

kwemibhalo 1920 yaqikelela ukuba umsebenzi kakhulu ezimbi uMikhail Bulgakov kaThixo. imisebenzi yakhe zange ishicilelwe, musa ukudlala eqongeni. Umzekelo, indawo eyaziwa ezingakhiyo ngomdlalo we "Running" Stalin kaThixo, apho ngokwembono yakhe, "ngumkhuba anti-eSoviet Union." "Iphepha Inkunkuma" ebizwa inkokeli "Crimson Island". Isiphumo intshutshiso - Bulgakov biography kunye nobuchule apho ngaphambili laziwa ngokuba neziphumo ezibi zoqhagamshelwano nabasemagunyeni Soviet, uhleli ngaphandle emsebenzini ngoko ngaphandle ngeendlela, ubhala "URhulumente waseUSSR" incwadi aze ayithumele iidilesi ezisixhenxe kumaziko ahlukeneyo ngamandla. Ukuzama ukuqonda nakwizibetho zabo, wabachazela kwileta eya yayo nendima yombhali, esithi wayekhetha Enkulu Revolution of the Evolution Enkulu, oko kukuthi zendalo ngakumbi, ngokoluvo lwakhe, ikhondo kancinane yembali. Ngokuba yokuhlala Mihailu Afanasevichu ngo-1930 April 18 ekuthiwa Stalin ngokwakhe, yaye ngenxa yale ncoko, umbhali wathembisa ukunika imisebenzi kwi Moscow Art Theatre. imeko kwezethu ye isivumelwano indalo badumise umsebenzi yinkokeli. Kamva, ngowe-1939, lo mdlalo kwathiwa, othi "Batum", ubalisa ibali "inkokeli Young." Nangona kunjalo, akukho nokuqulethileyo okanye umoya okanye amandla mbaliso akazange ukwanelisa.

Sebenza le Moscow Art Theatre

Ukususela ekuqaleni umsebenzi ebomini le Moscow Art Theatre Bulgakov kunye nomsebenzi ziye zatshintsha kakhulu. Bulgakov ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1930 kweli yeqonga uye wakhonza umlawuli oncedisayo. Libhekisela eli xesha inkanuko yobomi bakhe Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), owathi kamva waba ngumfazi wakhe.

Awudlalayo "uAdam noEva" ivela ngo-1931. Kulo yaye kunyaka olandelayo, wabhala nokusindlekwa zikaTolstoy "War Noxolo" ngokomyalelo Bolshoi Drama Theatre. Noko ke, akazange avuswe le yokusebenza.

Ngowe-1932, kwakukho lithathelwe isigaba "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" Gogol kaThixo. Babuyela kumboniseli (ngokomyalelo lobuqu kukaStalin kaThixo) "Iintsuku turbines."

drama ebizwa "The utho of Bahanahanisindini" wadalwa kule minyaka 1930-1936, ibekwe ngo-1943. Oku kwakhokelwa umsebenzi kwi "The Life of Monsieur de Moliere," ibali ngawe, ngo-1932-1933. Kuye yapapashwa ngo-1962.

Esinye isithuba, "Bliss", kwakhululwa 1934 (hayi epapashwe de 1966).

Ngowe-1934-1935 gg. ngokuphandle umdlalo obizwa "Imihla Yokugqibela", ifilimu kwi imeko ngo-1943 Xa okokuqala wakhawulwa ngentsebenziswano ne V. Veresaevym.

Bulgakov uyakugatya "kwakhona"

Ithuba ukususela 1934 ukuya 1936 kuphawulwa ziganeko zilandelayo. Kukho umdlalo Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". Oku kuziswa ukuzilolonga Dress Theatre umsebenzi eKhwencayo Waziqhiwula yena kanye phambi kokuba kuboniswe. Umbhali kwithuba ukususela 1928 ukuya 1936, akukho nto ayizange yapapashwa, kwakunye phezu hayi kwibakala elinye iqhekeza, nto leyo imele yokuqala isebenza MA Bulgakov. Mr uMikhail enqaba ngenkani "iinguqulelo", uthi kuye, (umzekelo, "reforge" naliphi na igosa imhlophe ukusuka kwimveliso "Ukubaleka 'ukuze agqibe loo ngoma revolution weekwayara" Crimson Island, "njalo-njalo).

imisebenzi zakutsha

Kwiminyaka 1936-1937 "Theatrical Inoveli" wadalwa (umsebenzi engagqitywanga). Kuye yapapashwa ngo-1965.

Bulgakov ngo-1938, idala umdlalo obizwa "Don Quixote." Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka 1930 de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe iqhubekile ukuba asebenze umsebenzi wakhe edumileyo, nto leyo obalulwe namhlanje kwindawo yokuqala, ukufunda umsebenzi Bulgakov - "The Master noMargarita".

Bulgakov ngo-1940, wafa eMoscow evela isifo sezintso, ukuba intsapho yakhe ilifa (kudluliselwa ukusuka kuyise umbhali).

Oku kugqiba ubomi kunye nomsebenzi uMikhail Bulgakov - ngoku yaziwa njenge classic iincwadi Russian.