Kutheni uKrushchev wanika iCrimea kwi-Ukraine? Ziziphi izizathu zokujoyina iCrimea ukuya e-Ukraine?

Kutheni i Khrushchev inika iCrimea? Abantu abaninzi babuza lo mbuzo namhlanje. Ngokumalunga neziganeko zenyanga zangoku, iimbali zeengingqi zeCrimea kwakhona zavela kwaye zaqala ukujikeleza kwindawo yolwazi. Umlando "wesipho sobukhosi" kaNikita Khrushchev usebenza ngokukodwa. Yithi, wanikela isigqibo sakhe kwisigqeba sase-Ukraine. Kwaye ngoko ukususela kwimihlaba yeeparsikhi zaseburhulumenteni yayingumfuziselo kumbindi we-USSR onamandla, abantu babethule - yonke into yayivamile, iSoviet. Kwabo banomdla kwiinyani zembali, kunokuba iimbali zezopolitiko, injongo yeso sikhokelo sokungena kwiRephablikhi yokuya eRashiya, uhlalutyo lwemithombo luye lwaqhutywa. Makhe sibone isizathu sokuba uKhrushchev anike iCrimea kwi-Ukraine, nokuba "wanikela", nokuba ngaba "okwangoku" kwakumnandi.

Iinyaniso zokubuyiselwa kwamaninzi e-republican subordination e-USSR

Iimbali-mlando zaseRashiya zihlala zibiza ukutshintshwa kweCrimea ukuya e-Ukraine isenzo esingakaze senziwe ngaphambili. Yithi, Khrushchev walithanda eli lizwe, kwaye wasebenzisa i- Rada yasePereyaslav kwilizwe elithandekayo "ukukhula kunye nelizwe." Enyanisweni, isenzo sokudlulisa i-peninsula ukusuka kwi-RFSSR ukuya kwi-SSR yase-Ukraine ayinaso impembelelo. Isigqibo sichazwe nje ngeenjongo zoqoqosho, ezoqoqosho. Kwaye ukutshintshiswa okunjalo kwakungekho kuphela. Ngoko, ngowe-1924 isithili saseTaganrog sephondo laseDonetsk sathunyelwa eRashiya. Kamva yaba yindawo yesithili saseRostov. Kodwa ubuninzi babemi besi sithili, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, ngabantu base-Ukraine. Kodwa sibuyele kwi-peninsula yethu. Kutheni uKrushchev wanika iCrimea kwi-Ukraine? Akuyona nje isiqwenga somhlaba, yinto yonke ye-Health-resort resort ... Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngo-1954?

Iingoma 1: KHRUSHCHOV yazisa iCrimea nge-Ukraine

Ngama-1990, emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, iingxoxo zaqala kwesi sihloko. Abanye abapolitiki baseRashiya baye baphakamisa "umbuzo waseCrimea" entabeni. Bafumana umkhwenyana kaKhrushchev, u-Alexei Adzhubei, waza wamyalela, umlobi wezentatheli, inqaku elisekelwe kwiikhumbuzo zabantu. Wenza umyalelo. Kodwa inqaku phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Njani kwaye kutheni uKrushchev eCrimea wanika iUkraine. Imemori kwisihloko esinikeziwe "yayiyinkonzo ye- bearish yezobuchwepheshe bezobupolitika. Ngokweentatheli-ndaba, ngo-1954 izikhundla zikayisezala kwi-throne yaseSoviet zazixakeke kakhulu. WayengumNobhala Wokuqala weKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU, kodwa uStalin, "u-Hawks" -Salenkov, uMlotov, u-Kaganovich, iVoroshilov kunye noBulggan-baqhubeka beqhuba yonke into kweli lizwe. Ukwenza izigqibo ezinzulu, kunye nezo zikhokelela ekumangalelwa kwincwadana yelizwe ngenxa ye "umzalwana omdala", kuya kuba yinto emfutshane kakhulu kuNikita Sergeyevich.

Inkolelo yesi-2: Khrushchev IIMISEBENZI ZOKWENZA ICrimea e-Ukraine

Masizame ukuvelisa iziganeko zelo xesha. ICrimea, njengezinye zangaphambili phantsi kobuNazi bemihlaba, yahlupheka kakhulu ngexesha lemfazwe. Kodwa eyona nto iyatshatyalaliswa yilahleko yabantu. Inani labantu base peninsula lancinci, kwaye ngowe-1944 kwaba ngabantu abangama-780,000. Esikhundleni sokusombulula ingxaki kubasebenzi, ubukhokheli baseSoviet baqala "ukuhlanjululwa kohlanga." Amashumi amahlanu amaJamani ahlala e-peninsula ukususela ngexesha likaCatherine II, axoshwa kwimini yokuqala yokulwa. Kwaye emva kokupheliswa kwayo, iimeko zabo zaphindwaphindwa ngamawaka angamakhulu ama-250 ama- Crimean Tatars, atyholwa "ngqiqweni nabahlaseli". Bonke kunye nabo baxoshwa kunye namaBulgaria, amaGrike, amaArmenian kunye namaCzech. Njengomphumo wenkqubo enjalo, uqoqosho lwe peninsula lwawa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuliphakamisa kwinqanaba leempawu zokuqala zangaphambili zemfazwe, urhulumente walela iziphathimandla ze-SSR yaseUkraine ukuba inike i peninsula ngamanzi kunye nemithombo yamandla. Babenqongophe kakhulu apho.

Inkolelo yesithathu: Abantu baseUkraine beza kulungele konke

Urhulumente waseSoviet wanquma ukuzalisa umhlaba ongekho phantsi kunye nabahlali baseRussia, ababethathwe ngokubanzi kwimimandla yasentla. Abaninzi babo baqala ukuhlala emakhaya abo bathathwe eTatars baze bafumana "ilifa" kuwo onke umhlaba wabo. Kuphela apha abalimi abasuka kwingingqi yaseVolga kunye neNgingqi yaseArkhangelsk babona umdiliya, ugwayi, i-oilseeds for the first time in their life. Iifatata kunye neklabishi azange zikhule kakuhle kwiimeko zezulu zaseCrimea. Njengomphumo wolawulo "lweminyaka" elishumi, uqoqosho lwe-peninsula alutshintshe ukuba lubhetele. I-yesebe yesebe yezolimo iye yaphela ngokupheleleyo njengoko ukuzaliswa kweegusha. Izivuno zezidiliya zancitshiswa ngamashumi asixhenxe, kwaye izivuno zeentsimi zazingaphantsi kunezo zemithi ezikhulayo. Yingakho i Khrushchev yanikela iCrimea kwi-Ukraine - abalimi abaqokelelweyo baseSyraen SSR babeqhele ukukhula kwimifuno nezithelo eziphantsi, kunye neemeko zemozulu zaseKherson ne-Odessa zihluke kakhulu kwiintsika zezithili zaseZhankoy okanye zeSimferopol.

Ngaphambili

Kodwa ke, uNicita Sergeevich wadlala indima kwinto yokuba ngo-1954 kwenzeka isiganeko esibalulekileyo-ukuxhaswa kweCrimea ukuya e-Ukraine. I Khrushchev yafika kwi-peninsula inyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba iqhutywe ngumbono wokuhlwayela umhlaba weSoviet Union ngqolowa. Wayehamba kunye nomkhwenyana wakhe, u-Alexei Adzhubey. Uyakhumbula: "Isihlwele sabalimi abahlangeneyo sizungeze uNicita Sergeyevich. Ekubeni intlanganiso yayiyimashishini, kwaye kungekhona kwirekhodi, incoko yayicacile. Abahlali bekhalaza ukuba iifatata azizange zikhule apho, iklabishi yabuna, iimeko ezingenakulinganiswa. "Sikhohlisiwe," yayivakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwisihlwele. Ngaloo busuku Khrushchev waya eKiev. Kwintlanganiso kwiNdlu yaseMariinsky, wancenga ubukhokheli baseUkraine ukuba bancede abantu abahluphekayo be-peninsula. "Abantu basemzantsi bafuneka apho abathanda izitiya, ingqolowa, kunye neetatate," watsho.

Inkolelo-mfundiso ye-4: Ubunyumbulo "besipho"

Ezinye izazi-mlando ezingenangqiqo zithi ukutshintshwa kweCrimea ukuya e-Ukraine Khrushchev yayisipho esilula ngexesha lomhla wama-300 we-Pereyaslav Rada. Yingakho isenzo esinjalo sokuhlukanisa i-peninsula ephuma kumaRashiya asikho mthethweni. Ngenxa yoko, ukufika kwangoku kweCrimea ukuya eRashiya kukubuyiswa kobulungisa bezembali. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo? Masilandele iziganeko. NgoSeptemba 1953, i-Plenum yeKomiti ePhambili yeCPSU yadibana. Umxholo oyintloko ngummandla wezolimo. Intloko ye-Presidium yeKomiti Ephakathi kunye noSihlalo weBhunga labaPhathiswa ngelo xesha yayinguG GM Malenkov. Kwakukho kule ntla nganiso ukuba kwenziwe isigqibo sokudlulisa i-peninsula ye-Ukrainian SSR, ekubeni uqoqosho lwaseCrimea lwaludibene ngokufanelekileyo kwi-Ukrainian. Inyanga kunye nesiqingatha kamva, ekupheleni kwe-Oktobha 1953, iKomiti yeRafa yaseCrimea yasabela kwisigqibo seKomiti yeNtloko. Wenza "iqhinga elifanayo elivela ngaphantsi." Kulo lonke ubusika ka-1953-1954. Umsebenzi ogqithisileyo wenziwa. Ekubeni akukho nto eyenziwe kwi-USSR ngaphandle kwesiseko esicwangcisiweyo, kwagqitywa ukuba kuthathe ixesha lokudluliselwa kwe peninsula ukusuka kwelinye i-republic republic yomnye ukuya kwisikhumbuzo sokuhlanganiswa kwabantu base-Ukraine kunye neRussia. Emva kokudlula "umbuzo waseCrimea" kuzo zonke iziganeko zomthetho, ngoFebruwari 19, 1954, le mcimbi wembali. I-Presidium ye- Supreme Soviet yase-USSR yamkela ngokusemthethweni umyalelo wokudlulisela ummandla ukusuka kwiRashiya ukuya kwi-Ukrainian Union Republic. Ekugqibeleni, esi sigqibo saqinisekiswa kuphela ngo-Ephreli 1954. Ngoko ke, ukutsho ukuba uKrushchev wanikela iCrimea kwi-Ukraine ngokungeyona nto kwaye ingembi ngokusemthethweni.

Iziphumo zokutshintshwa

Ukususela entwasahlobo ka-1954, abafuduki baseUkraine - eKiev, eChernigov nakwimimandla esezantsi - baye beza kwi-peninsula. Iziphumo sele zivele zibonakala iminyaka emihlanu. Kwakhiwa umda wendawo yokuguqula amanzi kwiDnieper. Inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela yavumela ukuba ulimo lweefeninsula luziswe kwimeko elungileyo. I-SSR yaseUkraine ibanjwe indlela ehamba phambili yeTrolleybus yehlabathi, yakhiwa kabusha iSevastopol ngexesha lokulwa, yaphakamisa uqoqosho lweCrimea. Oku kwaqatshelwa kwakhona ngamaphephandaba aseSoviet welo xesha - kunele ukukhangela kwi-filings endala. Ngoko ke, umbuzo othi kungani uKhrushchev enika iCrimea kwi-Ukraine iphela kwezopolitiko. Imbali iphendula impendulo encinane kunomabonwakude.