Baphi na iziphiwo abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi? Njani na iziphiwo abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi? Izinto ezingcwele izazi. Izazi - it ...

transfer King James Scriptures, ingakumbi kwiTestamente Entsha wazisa ukudideka ngokuphathelele "magus" kota. Kwelinye icala, sithetha abantu beza kunqula uYesu Kristu usana. Bona ekhankanywe yeVangeli kaMateyu (i-ch yesibini.), Yaye ngokuqinisekileyo abalinganiswa ezintle. Kwelinye icala, "kwiZenzo", kwisahluko yesibhozo uchaza omnye uSimon, lowo wabandakanyeka nokukhafula. Ebona ukuba yanelisa uMoya oyiNgcwele kunceda umntu ukuba enze imimangaliso emikhulu, wazisa loo mali kubapostile, becela ukuba sithengise isipho. Ukususela ngoko, urhwebo kwizikhundla ecaweni ekuthiwa ethengisela. Ngoko ke, i Magus, okhankanywe "IZenzo" - yinto warlock, bezama ukudlulisa ngokwakhe njengoko umntu omkhulu. Ngokufutshane, banolwazi lokunyanga kodwa bengenalo. Ngoko ke yintoni "izilumko", yintoni na etymology ilizwi?

Ngumbhalo Nesiko ukuba iCawa

Makhe siqale ukucacisa ukuntsonkotha nguqulelo. Xa sijonga le zeVangeli yokuqala, ebhalwe ngesiGrike, ukhankanya kuMateyu magov, «izilumko" - ukuba izazi, nabakhwitsi, iitoliki amaphupha, ababingeleli. translation Hebrew zibi ngakumbi; kuba bonke abenza imilingo, nabavumisi. Zombini utoliko Greek abangamaYuda bavumelane into enye: umntu lowo beza kunqula oMntwana, akabanga magic ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngoko ke, loma, wabonakala inkwenkwezi empumalanga. Xa yeVangeli akukho kukhankanywa inani ngqo amagqiza okanye amagama abo. Zonke ezi data zinxulumene ngokwesithethe Church, ngoko ukuziphikisa. Kodwa nokuvumisa uSimon mageu / w nayo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi 'isandla-crafting "," vorozhenie "," spellcasting. " Beva umehluko: i zo kunye igqwirha? Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni isifake ibali abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi unqulo isithethe Church.

Indaba kaMateyu

Womshumayeli ekumnikeni obukekayo nolwazi. UHerode weza "izazi zivela empumalanga," wathi, "Uphi na lo kumkani wamaYuda, Kuba sibone inkwenkwezi yakhe" xa weva eyimbangi kunokwenzeka, uHerode yimincili. Wabutha ibhunga lokwazi UToru Knizhnikov kunye zo esizwe kangangokuba waxelela kuye kuloo ndawo ngqo yokuzalwa oMntwana. Baye bafunda iincwadi kunye nabaprofeti walatha eBhetelehem. Apho waya nezazi. Ziyilandela inkwenkwezi waza wafumana usana emkhumbini kunye nomama wakhe. Baya babanqula, kwaziswa kuYesu Kristu, uNyana kaThixo, lowo ndizele ugwebo kweli hlabathi, nentlaka emhlophe, igolide nentlaka yokuqhola. Ukuba i ingelosi ehlatyelwe nguThixo ephupheni, abazange zingabuyi ziye kuHerode, waza waya elizweni labo ngenye indlela. Yonke, ekupheleni kwebali. Kutheni malunga aba balinganiswa ukhankanywa kuphela kaMateyu kwenye indawo? abaphengululi yeBhayibhile bathi isigidimi iVangeli mayibhekiswe abantu abangamaJuda uBukhosi baseRoma. Oku kaninzi wakhankanya abaprofeti, kwaye sonke isahluko sokuqala unikezelwa yomlibo wokuzalwa kukaYesu, nangona onke amaKristu ukuba yena - unyana kaThixo ophilileyo, kwaye kuYosefu owazalwa engowembewu kaDavide awungeni ndawo. Mateyu "Eastern Magi" - a abaphengululi yamaYuda the Scriptures, ubalwa intshukumo iinkwenkwezi, xa uMesiya uya kuza emhlabeni.

Beautiful Christmas Tale

isiko lamaKristu kwewebhu intsomi yamaYuda ngokuza uKumkani kaSirayeli. Okokuqala, iCawa wavuma ukuba kwakukho amadoda amathathu izilumko, ngenani izipho. Ngapha koko, sagqiba kwelokuba abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi - emacaleni ezintathu zehlabathi, ushiye yobuhedeni, uthabathe isibane ukholo entsha. Nangona isibakala sokuba uMateyu wakhankanya nezazi ukusuka eMpuma (iPersi, eMesopotamiya), isithethe yaseYurophu onyanzela, kunye ne-Asia kweentsana baguqa Afrika abamnyama naseYurophu. Kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba mxholo ukholo entsha, abantu babo bonke ubudala. On Imizobo eliqela ebonisa yokunqulwa abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, yena ubheka amakhwenkwe aselula Afrika, yaseYurophu - indoda eliqina kunye Asia (ngamanye amaxesha ezotywe umhlali Near East), indoda endala engwevu-iinwele. Oku ngandlel ezichasene Nesiko oyiNgcwele yeCawa ngokwayo, apho ngenkulungwane yesibhozo, sagqiba kwelokuba izilumko ookumkani. Enye owned Arabia, owesibini - iPersi, kwaye eyesithathu - India.

isiko baseMpumalanga izigcawu uvale nebali yezibhalo. Abanye abalinganiswa poluhristianskogo intsomi Amaza inkcubeko olwahluke poluyazycheskogo-yabola (Hell, Ukufa, ungumYuda nje), yaye ezinye zibonisa ibali yeVangeli kaMateyu (uHerode, amajoni, emele umkhosi yobukumkani, ingelosi). Ngamanye amaxesha onke amanyathelo kubonakala ukuba ndakha yayinepolitiki (ubuncinane akhumbule nesigcawu kwi Maidan ngo-2014), kodwa usoloko bechwayitile yaye ndonwabile kunye nesiphumo. Phakathi abadlali zisoloko phambi abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi yebhayibhile, leyo zingumqondiso izilumko omhle.

umkhuba yokudunyiswa

Lokubhiyozelwa kweKrismesi eNtshona Yurophu kwaye thina, eMpuma nokuxubana, eyahlukileyo nje kuphela kwexesha (ngoDisemba amabini anesihlanu, yaye anesixhenxe ka January), kodwa kwakhona yezithethe. Isithethe yamaRoma Katolika akawalibalanga malunga lalingazi izazi, apho uqambe "ookumkani". Ngaloo ndlela, umntu ezintathu eziqhelekileyo beza zingumqondiso kwizizwe amazwekazi ezahlukeneyo, waguquka ubuKristu. Ndivela phezulu kunye iCawa amagama amadoda beza kuYesu. It Balthazar (umfana), Melchior (yaseYurophu abakudidi yakhe) kunye uCaspar okanye Gaspar (Asia abadala). Njengoko kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, abantu bakhumbula imihla yokuqala yonyaka aba balinganiswa emithathu kwaye uzame lokuphinda iVangeli ibali ngokuza izazi.

singakhankanya ngokukhethekileyo kufuneka, ukuba babhiyozele indlela ngomhla Kings Three eSpeyin. Kuzo zonke izixeko needolophu eli lizwe kwimiju- ezinkulu okanye ezincinane isitalato. Melchior, Caspar kunye Balthasar, engqongwe enesihlwele esinzima enkulu, ekhwele, wamkela isihlwele, yayucwa kunye neelekese. Ngale mini bantu benze izipho kubo bonke abantwana, ingakumbi omncinane. Christmas Magi ziyanqulwa kunye isikali abakhethekileyo eJamani. Kwaye oku akumangalisi - emva kokuba zonke izinto ezingcwele amadoda amathathu izilumko, uqinisekisa abanye Church in zomhlaza kwi Cologne Cathedral. Kodwa ezi nkqubo zibandakanya abantwana. Baya kwindlu ngendlu, yaye yonke ke ngesisa iilekese. Makubulelwe abancinane bafuna krwela ngetshokhwe kwi emnyango jamb oonobumba angaqondakali «B + C + M», wongezelela umbhalo ebonisa unyaka. Abanini abazihlambi yona iminyaka emininzi, lo gama embundwini womnyango iya kuhlala indawo iindwendwe. Emva zemibhalo zibonisa ukuba Balthasar, uCaspar kunye Melchior batyelela phantsi kophahla lwendlu waza wadibana apha lokwamkela kakhulu kamnandi. Yintoni ikhaya wamkela intsikelelo abangcwele.

Izipho ze izazi - ntoni na?

Ngoku makhe sithethe ngoko yawangenisa amadoda alumkileyo (okanye, njengoko zibizwa kwakhona, ookumkani okanye izazi) Baby uYesu Kristu. St UMateyu ibonisa zazisithini ngezipho: okokuqala, sisinyithi, zinqweneleka njengegolide, yaye okwesibini, nentlaka enuka - intlaka yokuqhumisa, nentlaka yokuqhola. Kucacile ukuba zonke zontathu izipho anentsingiselo yokomfuziselo. Kungenjalo, iba akucacanga ukuba kutheni usana olusanda kuzalwa zonke ozifunayo. izipho ixabiso Izazi njengoko kudiziwe Church Nesiko. Ngokutsho kwakhe, igolide luphawu kuzuko yasebukhosini. UMateyu cwaka kwifomu apho abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi thaca intsimbi elixabisekileyo - imivalo, ngokohlobo eziinkozo okanye ezinye. Ke yena uKristu - ukumkani yasezulwini bonke abalawuli zomhlaba, yaye ukuba lo nto angathanda ukuba uqaphele amadoda izazi zivela empumalanga.

Kaloku, nentlaka emhlophe, nemore - nezinye izipho abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi? Kuthetha ntoni oku? ibhedolaki baqhumisela ngxi kwiitempile zobuhedeni. Olube yabantu yexesha bunxulunyaniswa livumba into kaThixo, kungekhona kweli hlabathi. Ukunikezela isiqhumiso kuYesu Kristu, abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi wakwenza kwacaca ukuba ibonwa nje kuphela lo Kumkani wozuko, kodwa njengokuba uNyana kaThixo ophilileyo. E Ethiopia ne Arabia imithi ikhula, ixolo kunye nentlaka leyo emva konyango olufanelekileyo kuzonwaya into enuka kamnandi. kanye emehlweni kwisityalo ebizwa ngokuba "benzoin", kodwa ukuphuma kulo isiqhumiso - ngemore nentlaka yokuqhola. Izithethe Christos zamaGrike weli uthambise abafileyo phambi kokuba angcwatywe. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba inceda abantu abahamba kwelinye izwe. Infant imore isipho imela idini elizayo ukuba uKristu uya kuzisa abantu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ezingcwele ngoko?

Ngaphandle kokuba akukho uMateyu okanye nawuphi na omnye umvangeli ayithethi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi emva kokuba babuyela elizweni labo (eMesopotamiya), isithethe Church akazange acinge ukuba angazilibali. Ukunqulwa ukunqulwa abangcwele kuhlala lamangqina kunye abangcwele wabonakala ngenkulungwane yesine kwaye kakhulu yaphuhliswa kumaXesha Aphakathi. Izinto ezingcwele ngaphezulu, ubukhulu ukuhamba nabasemzini, yaye ngenxa yoko ke omkhulu imali yeminikelo. Ukulandela le alula, iCawa lathembisa ukuba ukuphuhlisa babezinikele abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, yaye yonke into enxulumene nawo. It proclaimed ukuba izazi zivela empumalanga bafumene ubhaptizo St. Thomas yaye kamva wavuma ekupheleni njengomfeli-kumazwe abo. Ayimangalisi into yokuba kungekudala zetha amandla izazi. Bafumana aseByzantium uKumkanikazi Elena Konstantinopolskaya, njengoko kusoloko kusenzeka ephupheni kunye naye.

Njani na ukuba iintsalela zabantu lemka eBhetelehem ukuya empumalanga, ngesiquphe ababefumaneka esixekweni uSheva Byzantine (ngoku Turkey)? UMateyu akasichazeli ngqo apho ilizwe lokuzalwa amadoda amathathu, kodwa ke isalathiso uqulathwe kwiTestamente eNdala. Isiprofeto ka Isaya (60: 6) uthi: "Bonke bephela baya kuza bevela kwaShebha, beshumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zeendumiso kukaMesiya, bezise isipho kunye nentlaka emhlophe, kunye negolide." Kwaye Psalms (71:10) into kubhaliwe kwathiwa: "Ookumkani kwiziqithi kunye bendihlonela, Sava kunye Arabia uza irhafu kuye; kwaye banqule zikholo yona, zonke izizwe. " Njengoko ubona, ilizwe lokuzalwa yeZiyon (okanye ubukumkani ookumkani abathathu) bakude imhlophe yakwaShebha iza kum. Kodwa isiko elingcwele ufumene indlela yokuphuma. Kwakukho banentsomi ukuba ubudala iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci mahlanu, zonke Amadoda ezintathu Wise wadibana uSheva, ukuze imbeko kwisikhumbuzo iNkosi yethu. Apho kuphumla ngoxolo. Kwaye ke amathambo zoluntu Magi zamaKristu alondolozwe kwaye idluliselwe eConstantinople.

Uhambo izinto ezingcwele

EConstantinople, izinto ezingcwele ezingcwele ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Sele kwinkulungwane V bona ababenqula Mediolanum, ikomkhulu Lombard Duchy (eMilan namhlanje e-Italy). Kwinkulungwane yeshumi, uMlawuli we-oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma, Frederick Barbarossa woyisa kulo mmandla kunye wazisa amandla eJamani. Walondoloza ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuba izinto ezingcwele ezo eyanikelwa uBhishophu Omkhulu Cologne, Rainald of Dassel, owabakhuphayo kwabo 1164 evela eItali, kuqala iinqwelo, yandula yenqanawa iRhine. Kuthiwa ukuba ulwakhiwo yecawa emide Gothic iye synitsiirovano umnqweno ukwenza i "ityeya" iingangamsha ukuba isidumbu ukungonakali ookumkani abathathu. Ngoku ke esele abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, belele reliquaries, owadala ingcibi uNikolay Verdensky, engcweleni kwi Cologne Cathedral.

Kodwa emva koko ndabona Marco Polo, abo batyelela kwi Sava kwinkulungwane weshumi kade - isixeko ibekwe ngezantsi Tehran? Xa memoirs yakhe umhambi ingxelo ukuba watyelela amathathu emi ecaleni kwaye kakuhle ihonjiswe Lingcwaba izazi. umzimba waveza akukho abadani abachatshazelwa ukwanda. Le meko Marco Polo ingakumbi ndixinezelekile. "Kutshanje Njengokuba ubhubhileyo, kunye neendevu noboya" Ngelishwa, ezi izinto ezingcwele Sava yalahleka ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye e Cologne nje amathambo zigcinwa. Ibonisa isihlwele mgama kuphela ngexesha ekubhiyozeleni "Kumkani ezintathu" (elesithandathu of January).

Baphi na iziphiwo abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi?

Ukuba esele ezintathu Magi yonke luyathandabuzeka yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba izipho zabo umfanekiso ikhangeleka ilula kakhulu. Ngokutsho legend, uMama kanye oyiNgcwele kaThixo basigcina igolide, nentlaka emhlophe, nentlaka emnandi, wanika uNyana Wakhe. Kwanangaphambi kwintekelelo wanika ezi zipho kuluntu iqaqobana lamaKristu eYerusalem. Xa abapostile bagqiba ukuya ndishumayele phakathi kweentlanga iindaba kulo lonke ilizwe, izinto ezingcwele bathunyelwa eConstantinople. Frame ngokuba kwabo kwakukho Hagia Sophia - itempile enkulu, i sihlahla izakhiwo baseByzantium. Kodwa ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu baseTurkey wayithimba eConstantinople. Ukumkanikazi Mara, intombi ka-Prince Georgiya Brankovicha Serbia kunye nomnye umama lo moyisi enkulu Mehmed II, warhola zezinto lamaKristu Ottoman wayisa iAthos. Wayefuna ukuba ukunika iimonki zabo, kodwa ngendlela yena nguMama kaThixo, waza wacela ukuba ukuphazamisa imithetho engqongqo emishini owalela abasetyhini ukuba anyuke intaba engcwele. Mara wamphulaphula yaye idlule zingcwele labalindi. Apho amanga unanamhla, kuloo woonongendi yasekuhlaleni St. Paul. Kwaye kule ndawo apho Virgin uMariya kwakhiwa ndlwana.

Izipho amadoda amathathu abazizilumko engathethekiyo zonke eziphakamileyo zonqulo Orthodox. Ayizizo zonke bahambi angeza eGrisi ukuze zizokunqula zingcwele. On Mountain Holy ukuvimbela abasetyhini abatyelela yoonongendi kunye zokuhlala. Ngoko ke ezingcwele ngokwabo ukuba baye babo. Ngokomzekelo, ngoDisemba 2013 iAthos eMonastri entsonkothileyo izindlu izipho abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, uyise wamsikelela uNikodemo zihambe ooAshera kuhambo lwabo lonke Russia, Belarus kunye Ukraine. Umbuzo umbuzo wokuba ingaba metal, nokuba anqabileyo, neziqhumiso ukuze enze imimangaliso yokuphilisa? Ukuphendula, seal uNikodemo ibhekisela endimeni zeVangeli (Mateyu, iSahluko Nine, uMarko - sesihlanu, noLuka - yesibhozo), nto leyo ebhekisela nebhinqa wachacha, ukubamba kuphela umphetho wengubo komSindisi. Ukuba mandla na iingubo ngelaphu njengesiqhelo, yintoni na amandla di- izinto, nto leyo wachukumisa kanye iingalo uYesu noMariya zizale?

Njani na iziphiwo abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi wayebona mathupha zonke Muscovites kunye neendwendwe. Izinto ezingcwele zaye oluboniswe ngeeholide iKrismesi kuqubuda endlwini ka Krestu unguMsindisi. Izinto ezinxulumene ngqo ne ubomi emhlabeni lweNkosi yethu abalishumi ezixabisekileyo, ityeya Beje. Ukuba ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo iipleyiti zegolide iimilo ezingoonxantathu kunye isikwere. Ngamnye ezihonjiswe izivatho ezizodwa, endawenza kunye afakwe. Oyidingayo ephethe intsontelo yesilivere, apho kwenziwa ezingamashumi amabini amaso, ngamnye ubungakanani somnquma, eyenziwe umxube isiqhumiso kunye nentlaka yokuqhola.

Kodwa amakholwa Ukraine ayikho ngokupheleleyo nako ukwenza amehlo abo, ekukhangelayo iziphiwo izazi. Baye basiwa Kyïv nje kwisiqingatha sesibini kukaFebruwari kulo nyaka, emva kokuba watyelela Belarus. Izinto ezingcwele bafakwa kwi kuboniswa luluntu lusekeleke Cathedral le Kiev-Pechersk Lavra (besive kwi Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Moscow labefundisi). Ke kaloku ngaloo mihla abantu Ukrainian kusandul inxaxheba kwiziganeko olululo e Kiev, ngoko bonke baba nomdla ooAshera kwiNtaba iAthos.

Ubuntwana in translation

ingxelo Synodal yeTestamente Entsha uye ukudideka ezingqondweni Orthodox zesiqhelo. Ekubhekiswe kuyo i "IZenzo" Simon Ungumlinganiswa negative, uzimisele ukuchitha imali uMoya oyiNgcwele ukwenza imiqondiso emininzi na kunale yenziwe nokukhafula. Kutheni, ke ngoko, kufuneka athathe nezazi ujongo abeza kunqula eBhetelehem? Igama elithi "vlhv" e Old Church Slavonic lwesigodi kuthetha bili, nosiyazi, emagqirheni. Asiyi kungena etymology kwikota. nokuba livela elithi "iinwele" okanye "vlesneti" (uthethe kakuhle bedumzela) - oko ayinamsebenzi. Makhe sijonge ngubani abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi ababeyibonile.

Akukho kuphela kumazwe zethu, kodwa kwezinye iingingqi iinkonzo ezingamaqaba "abantu abanolwazi". Baye ezazi kakuhle ingca, umlingo abamnyama nabamhlophe, ukuvumisa, baye bakwazi ukuqikelela ikamva. Yaba ngokuphathelele ezizodwa ababingeleli benza ekwenzeni izithethe zonqulo, nokuvumisa, isiprofeto, kwaye phezulu umzobo iziyobisi kunye nonyango kwizigulane. Sinokuthi izizwe Celtic le abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi babebizwa Druids. Abameli olu hlobo ngokuphathelele ngokomoya usesikhundleni kunokuba eliphezulu yaye exabiso elikhulu phakathi kwabantu. Icebiso kwabo, wafika kwakunye izihlabo ukuya Grand Neendwalutho (ubuncinane akhumbule Veschego Olega okanye Gostomysl). Yintoni I ndithi! Iinkonzo ngobugqi eziphantsi kwaye ezinye iinkosana ubukhosi Polovtsian. Bryachislav Izyaslavovich wasivuna ababingeleli zobuhedeni yintshutshiso Yaroslava Mudrogo. Unyana wakhe - Vseslav Bryacheslavovich Polotsky - wazalwa evela yomabophe. Bonke ubomi bakhe zayi- bakhuselwe, "umkhusane", apho ke wazalwa. Ukuba uyakholwa i "Wabekeleni" Vseslav yaba werewolf, ukuba bazenze kunye nobuchule wayengayazi.

Kunye ukwamkelwa Prince Christian Vladimir Slavic Magi ziye phantsi zocindezelo. Ingakumbi unenzondelelo Prince of Kiev Yaroslav Mudry. Around 1010, wabatshabalalisa itempile Veles. Endaweni yayo, wakha inkosana isixeko Yaroslavl. Kwakhona phezulu ngeengalo nxamnye abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi Gleb Novgorod kunye Yang Vyshatich. Doctor of Sciences Historical I. Ya Froyanov ukholelwa ukuba lo mzabalazo inkcaso ukuya kufikelela iinkolelo endala yobuhedeni yabantu Slavic kunye inkolo entsha. Ngapha koko, ubuKristu "kumiyo phezulu", ebekwe abasemagunyeni. imithombo ezibhaliweyo kukhankanya koosiyazi de eleshumi-elinesine iinkulungwane, ingakumbi, e Pskov kunye Novgorod. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe igama elithi "usiyazi" lithuthwa. Ngemihla vange izixholoxholo ebizwa ngokuba abaphikisana nenkolo, ngabaqhekeki, bebanika ukuba kwiklasi umlingo, ngamadlelane needemon, le evocation of isilimo kunye nelahleko iinkomo. Loxolo ngexesha elifanayo izilumko ekuthiwa yamaxhwele, nabakhafuli.

neopagans mihla

Xa Ekuveleni XX-xxi iinkulungwane, emva kokuba discrediting leCawa yamaOthodoki kwilizwe lethu, kwakukho abantu abaninzi abavela ngokwabo ngokuba yiniyo-nabahedeni. Ezi nezazi Russia bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi wokushumayela kunye nokupapasha. Yokuba iinkokeli zonqulo kunye nababingeleli boluntu yokholo lwabo. Ngelo xesha kwi iimagazini namaphephandaba ungafunda okuninzi iintengiso kwizazi inkazana elumkileyo wayithambisayo amafutha, susa isithsaba ekungatshatini ezinjalo. Church Orthodox Russian iqwalasela eklasini kunye nabo, kunye nabanye xi tsakisiki Xikwembu kuba naliphi vorozhenie umlingo chernoknizhnichestvom. Kodwa ke, ukuxolela. Xa sihlalutya imithombo yembali, kwakunye ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo izimvo nabagxeki, kunye nezipho ezingcwele abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi amandulo, alondolozwe ngononophelo lendela kwiNtaba iAthos, etshintshekileyo engagqithanga kwi-fiction. Kutheni?

ubungqina obubhaliweyo ayithethi izipho abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi njengoko amazwi de ngenkulungwane elinanye. Ehlabathini 1200 i uBhishophu Novgorod Antony watyelela eConstantinople kwaye ubhala athi kwi St. Sophia iqulethe neempahla zegolide, leyo "prinesosha Nkosi kunye neziphiwo izazi." Sisihlandlo sokuqala malunga akhoyo zegolide - njengokuba sisazi, amacwecwe egolide - usebenza kuphela kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu. Emva kokufunda indlela necebo bayifaka ukwenza kubo, abagxeki baye bafikelela kwisigqibo ukuba kanye ovethe enye - ibhanti ezihonjiswe afakwe post-baseByzantium. ngexesha lokuveliswa jewellery - kwinkulungwane XV.