Ngubani oza kulakhela ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait? Ukwakhiwa kwo. Ibhulorho ngaphesheya Kerch Strait

Umxholo ukwakhiwa ibrorho enqumlayo i Kerch Strait uye efanelekileyo ingakumbi emva kokuba iziganeko ovuthuzayo ezopolitiko kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka ka-2014 e-Ukraine, waba sisiphumo ukubuya eCrimea ukuya Russian Federation.

Ukusuka kwimbali umbuzo

kanye ingcamango nokufuneka ndawonye nemfuneko ukudibanisa kunxweme amabini Strait of ibhulorho enkulu ubekhona ukusuka kudaladala. It lwabonakala ezinye iincwadi zembali. Kodwa ke ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait rhoqo elinye ixesha ukuba ikamva awaqinisekanga ngenxa nobuntsompothi yobugcisa kunye neendleko mali yeprojekthi enjalo. Ngokwenene, imfuno engxamisekileyo kuba Yavuka kuphela langoku. Yonke iminyaka engaphambili uthubelezise abantu kunye neemoto ngokwanelisayo ukumelana Kerch Sea Ferry. Yena rhoqo usebenza Septemba 1954 kwaye unanamhla. A iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba lo kwakhiwa sicatshulwa ibhulorho kaloliwe okwexeshana ngenxa lexinene. Waye kubaluleke kakhulu zeqhinga ekuqhutyweni impi. Kuye kwakhiwa ngexesha lemfazwe yiSoviet Army nosho izinto eziye eziqulunqwe abahlali waseJamani. Ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho Kerch ngaphandle yolungiselelo inkxaso kuhlelwa elikhulu-scale ekhubekisayo kwi North eCaucasus.

Emva kokubuya eCrimea

Ngeli xesha yiSoviet kwimbali eCrimea ukuhamba engundoqo kwempahla wabadluli usingasiqithi uthuthwa ngololiwe ngokusebenzisa Isthmus of Perekop. Wokuweza ngaphesheya Kerch Strait kwaba ko kubalulekileyo yesibini. Le meko kakhulu watshintsha emva kokubuya eCrimea eRashiya. Imfuneko ukwakhiwa enkulu ibhulorho izakususwa nqanaba yokuba lalizixubusha sokwenza umsebenzi. Kwakukho umbuzo engaphephekiyo malunga oya kulakhela ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait. Ukwakhiwa kwale iRashiya ukhetheke elintsonkothe zobugcisa. Kwaye uyakhe kufuneka ngayo ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo oko. Sizoku lwisana kozinzo kwezopolitiko eUkraine, ibhulorho phezu Strait of yaduma engundoqo ubomi bezoqoqosho lonke eli lizwe. uqoqosho eCrimea kaThixo lusekelwe ikakhulu abakhenkethi. Indlela zemveli ngenxa kuzo ezinxulumene ngokuhamba nje emdeni Ukraine, waba phantsi umbuzo omkhulu.

Phakathi eCrimea kunye Caucasus

Asinako ukuba le projekthi ye-ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait waba ngowokuqala kwihlabathi-isikali kwimbali ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho. Kwi jikelele, ungafumana ezinokuntsonkotha nobungakanani zobunjineli. Kodwa konke oku, thabatha yona kwi bhulorho yokunqumla eqhelekileyo asizuku sebenza kuzo zonke inkanuko. Kerch Strait - ayikho indawo ilula kakhulu, yaye zejoloji, zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nesicwangciso. Umgama Ubuncinane phakathi macala zimbini apha malunga ezintandathu kweekhilomitha. Xa ukhetha i isisombululo developers zobunjineli kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ubungozi obuphathelene neenyikima kule ndawo yonke, iimeko ice kunzima kweli lexinene, imisinga ulwandle omeleleyo undizela rhoqo. isimo isaqhwithi yeegesi ekuso entwasahlobo kolu mmandla. Ingongoma ibalulekileyo indlela kuziphi kweenqanawa ukusuka fairway lexinene Sea abamnyama Azovskoe kunye umva.

analysis of ongakhetha

Ngokutsho imeko embindini Juni 2014, hayi kuphela akwaziwa ukuba ngubani na oya kulakhela ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait, kodwa kuchazwa ukhetho sokugqibela uhlobo lo msebenzi, nto leyo eza kuphumeza ikontraki. Zonke ezi ndlela, kukho malunga ezisibhozo. Le yeyona ibalulekileyo ukuze yeprojekthi karhulumente kukuzisa ndawonye ukwakha yoluntu lendlela kunye kaloliwe kwo. Eyona nathembisayo bonke thaca ukuze ingxoxo Strait iinketho indlela yokuwela kufuneka baqaphele ezimbini. Bona kalukhuni linokuchazwa ngokuthi "emantla" kunye "emazantsi". Kakade ke, iiprojekthi zihlahlelwe nje kuphela technical iparameters kodwa ixabiso lemali kulindeleke.

Esebenzisa Zhukovka Kerch

North ukhetho kubandakanya ukwakhiwa ibhulorho zokuhlala Zhukovka ukuya Chushka Mothers, apho ePort Kavkaz. Ekuqaleni, olu khetho kuhle, ekubeni umgama phakathi macala mabini ngeli nqanaba strait kuncinane. Kuyinto ngaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezintandathu. Kodwa ke ukwakhiwa iibhulorho, ngokwenkcazelo, ibandakanya nokubunjwa yonxibelelwano. Kodwa le ndlela yeyona ndlela ingcono igama akunakwenzeka, ayithethi kungakhokelela elunxwemeni ngokwayo Krasnodar Territory, kwaye ke iihagu qhina emxinwa kwaye elide, owahluliweyo imiyalelo eziphambili umgama omde. Ukwenza le projekthi sele lilungisa, kuya kufuneka kwakhiwe iindlela ezimbini inde ukuya ibhulorho ukusuka kunxweme abaseAfrika kunye capital ukomeleza iyahlozinga emxinwa elonwabisayo etshe braids.

nge saseTuzla

Eli gama geographical kwazeka kuwo kuluntu jikelele ngokusebenzisa amajelo eendaba. Malunga neminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, bamxelela uluntu malunga ungquzulwano Russian-Ukrainian ngaphezu kwesiqingatha-luzizi lo yolwandle, isiqwenga somhlaba. Namhlanje, Kosa zaseTuzla kwakhona kwiziko ingqalelo zikarhulumente ndawo ethembisayo, nto leyo eya kungekudala ukuqala umsebenzi abo oya kulakhela ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait. Uninzi iingcali zobugcisa nabo ukuphembelela izigqibo, bakholisa ukuba ukunika imiyalelo kumzantsi indlela ukhetho. Kwaye oku nangona ubude lilonke ibhulorho kule ndawo iza kuba malunga ezilishumi neekhilomitha. Enyanisweni, kule ndlela eya kubuyiswa yakhiwe iibhulorho ezimbini - zaseTuzla namhlanje sisiqithi, yaye ukuze kuloo nto esukela kuyo Taman Peninsula, kuyimfuneko ukuba kwakhiwe ibhulorho yokunqumla, bandwidth yaye iinkcukacha ongekho ngaphantsi kundoqo. Kwaye ifuna isixa esikhulu umsebenzi zobunjineli ukomeleza Island saseTuzla. Kodwa nazo zonke nobunzima yobugcisa emazantsi indlela ukhetho indleko encinci le mali.

ezizezinye

Zonke ezinye zobunjineli inika abaphuhlisi iinketho bancipha isakhiwo idibene konqakrazo lwe kwesinye kwiindlela ezimbini echongiweyo. Abanye mabanikele ibhulorho labona kwetonela kwisiqingatha mgama. Abanye banikela ukhetho itonela kuphela ukuba rail ye kwebhulorho. konke oku Kodwa kakhulu eninzi ukuba izityholo iindleko ngakumbi. Akuvumelekile ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko - seismicity le ndawo uyila usongo ubomi babantu basenokuba kwitonela ngexesha le Barr. Ngoko ke, ngenxa indibanisela iimeko zejoloji kunye nezoqoqosho, ubeko lwe ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait akayi ziquka icandelo kwetonela, nokuba imvume inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye indlela kwebhulorho.

Malunga oya kulakhela ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait

Ukukhetha unokontraka iprojekthi zobunjineli grand sele awukaphunyezwa okwangoku. Nokuba kuyimfuneko ukuthi ukuba akukho ukunqongophala uyafuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwabiwo-mali? Ixabiso le-ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait nga kumiselwa malunga kuphela. Ngokusemthethweni ngokuba inani engange 350 billion lokuqala. Zombini amava jikelele kwaye Russian kulwakhiwo iiprojekthi ezinkulu zezibonelelo zezithuthi lubonisa ukuba ngethuba le projekthi izicwangciso mali badla ukulungiswa phezulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, nangona ukuba ibhulorho-ukwakha Russian isikolo unamava elininzi kuyilo nolwakhiwo iibhulorho ezintsonkothileyo, kunye iprojekthi le yobukhulu waba ngaphambili zange abe naziphi na izakhiwo zasekhaya. ibhulorho Kerch ingaphezulu kabini edume ibhulorho sikaMongameli phezu iVolga e Ulyanovsk, ubude kweekhilomitha ezi-5 700 leemitha. Kwaye ixesha ekwakhiweni kwayo ecwangcisiweyo eqinile ngokwaneleyo. Okwangoku, isakhiwo ezizodwa inkampani karhulumente 'Iindlela Russian ". Iqhuba imisebenzi yokwakha umthengi lowo. Oyiphumeleleyo kukhuphiswano uphando lobunjineli kunye nophuhliso isiseko zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho inkampani wathi "Giprotransmost".

inxaxheba Chinese

A amava omkhulu practical kuyilo kunye nolwakhiwo iiprojekthi zezibonelelo esimbaxa abe zobunjineli Chinese. Ngokutsho yobude beli lizwe nanto ehlabathini ngonyaka wabeka kokusebenza iibrorho emikhulu. Amajelo ezipapashwe iingxelo ze wenzala kunye nokubandakanyeka gwenxa kwicala yaseTshayina ekwakhiweni kwebhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait. Eli phulo ukutsala China abakhi ababevela kwicala Russian. The degree of kokuzibandakanya amaTshayina kule projekthi ukuba igqitywe.

ixesha lokwakha

Ukuze kufezekiswe le libonwe ngaphambili kweprojekthi Russian wakhululwa kwiminyaka emine. ukwakhiwa yayo ngenxa ukuqala kweyangoku i-2014. Wayethunywe ibhulorho ngaphesheya Kerch Strait kufuneka ungadlulanga kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-2018. Lesi ixesha ulwakhiwo kunye nofakelo imisebenzi ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekunyukeni kakhulu iindleko zale projekthi. Ukongeza ibhulorho, kumacala omabini i-Strait uya kwenza isixa esikhulu lomsebenzi ukwakhiwa kweendlela ukufikelela kuyo kwaye zonke iintlobo zezibonelelo zobunjineli encedisayo. uqoqosho eCrimea kuxhomekeke kwi zokugunyaziswa kwangethuba into. Kerch wokuweza zoke koovimba yayo. Abo bathunywe kuyo eCrimea ukuphumla, yangathi yimini ukuba ume emgqeni elinde phenyane. Le meko elibanzi esithintela ukuhamba abakhenkethi ukuya kwelo lizwe.