Abantu Outstanding Russian. Ubuntu Historical of Russia

Russia ongakaze ukunqongophala labantu abanetalente ngokwenene ngubani, nokuba hayi etroneni, inempembelelo enkulu kakhulu kuphuhliso karhulumente. Phakathi kwabo - izazinzulu nababhali, iinjineli abanetalente kunye nabahambi ezinkulu, abahloli akhaliphileyo kunye soyise ze eSiberia, le ngqondi emkhosini ... Kwaye, kakade, abalawuli aphezulu. Kodwa sonke simunye enye into - uthando lizwe apho ayehlala, wenza bakufumeneyo inkulu kuzo ezibalaseleyo.

Ngubani na khumbula xa ubona ukuba ibinzana elithi "abantu Russian enkulu '? Dwelisa badla bonke efanayo:

• Phakathi iinjengele wakhumbula zhukov, Kutuzov kunye Suvorov.
• Ukuba sithethe malunga izazinzulu ebizwa ngokuba Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Pavlov.
• Phakathi ababhali ngaphandle yokhuphiswano Pushkin, Lermontov kunye yaseChekhov.

Kakade ke, bonke abantu abakhulu Russian, nokuba zikho nje bephela, bebalulwe ngamagama, nje musani "fit" kweli nqaku, ngoko siya kugxininisa kuphela abanye babo. Ukongezelela, "phakathi kwemigca" kule zokufunda ezikhankanywe nabanye abantu abaninzi, ekufuneka uyazi wonke umntu ofundileyo.

Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov

Ngubani na ongazaziyo le ndoda oluphawulekayo, apho inzululwazi yasekhaya ngexesha lakhe wenza idabi wokwenene zexa ezintsha?! Ngelishwa, asingabo bonke khumbula, ziziphi iimeko kwafuneka ukuba basebenze kwaye bafunde sokukhanyisa elizayo. Noko ke, abaninzi amadoda amakhulu kwimbali weRashiya abazange amarhamente bobobunewunewu: inkokeli akrelekrele yasemkhosini Suvorov ngokubanzi wayekhetha ukuba silale eziplangeni, udle isidlo ijoni elula kuphela.

Me wazalwa entsatsheni Vasiliya Dorofeevicha kunye Helena, 8 (19) Novemba 1711. Ngokwahlukileyo koko iincwadi ezininzi zembali, le ntsapho akalohlwempu. Njengoko kamva uyakhumbula uMikhail yena, umama wakhe, yena phantse akazange ukukhumbula kuba wafa kusasa, wathetha kayise ngokuthi "indoda elungileyo kwaye zintle ngandlela zonke, kodwa ndondlelwe ngokungazi ngokupheleleyo." Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokusebenza-based kubantu abaninzi belo xesha.

Michael waphila kancinci kakhulu bonwabile nangokukhuselekileyo, kodwa uyise watshata okwesihlandlo sesithathu. Choice Irina Semenovna Korelskaya. nangoko wabonakala Boy mfazi "ububi, nomona olubawayo nomnye umama." Isimanga, kuba lowo wadlala indima enkulu ebomini bakhe. "Zlobstvuya nokuguguma 'ukusuka uthando lwakhe iincwadi, nomnye umama wagqiba ekubeni azame indlela Tobacco ngokutshata angalandela noko amnye ebantwini. Lomonosov, kamsinya nje akuweva ukumkani malunga nale njongo, ngoko nangoko basaba eMoscow.

Saint Petersburg

Ngowe-1731, i-nzulu elizayo uyeza yangaphambili capital komlawuli, apho ubomi obutsha iqala ngeziqendu yolwaphulo: ukuze babhalise kule yunivesithi ofunekayo, lo mfana ekwakheni amaxwebhu buqu, sizenza unyana ka igosa lakomkhulu. Nanamhlanje esinjalo isenzo esoyikisa inkathazo enkulu, yaye ngelo xesha kwakugcwele agwetyelwe ukufa, kangangokuba uMikayeli oselula hlukile isibindi ivamile nenkanuko ulwazi!

Nakuba kunjalo, phantse bonke abantu ezibalaseleyo Russia zange ukungazithembi ngokugqithiseleyo ayisoze isokole. Ngoko ke, moya Mikoyan kusenokwenzeka kuphela ngubani phikisana on ngokulinganayo Stalin.

Study phesheya

oneminyaka emine nquleqhu lwathatha uMikhail Vasilyevich kwizikolo zasekuhlaleni, kodwa 1735 wathunyelwa eSt Petersburg, kwelinye lamaziko phantsi iphiko Russian Academy of Sciences. Kukho kungekudala wazingqina njengoko njengesenzo yamachiza obalaseleyo, ezahlukeneyo "inkanuko ongalawulekiyo ukuba imifuniselo yingozi." Ukubona italente yakhe, ubunkokheli kuphela konyaka ithumela mphengululi kwaye bethembisa ukuba ukufunda amazwe e Freiburg. Ngelishwa, phantse bonke abantu abadumileyo Russia ngexesha kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafumane imfundo yabo kwamanye amazwe, njengokuba uPetros kwilizwe lethu kwakukho ootitshala elungileyo ngokwenene bambalwa kakhulu.

Njengoko eRashiya, abafundi basebenze nzima kakhulu, bona rhoqo abazange imali nkqu isidlo eqhelekileyo, ndingasathethi iincwadi, amaphepha kunye nempahla. kwafuneka ukuba aphume, enze umsebenzi ophantsi. Ukungalali kunye nokungondleki, kunye ngokugqithiseleyo ntshikilelo ngengqondo, ziyadilika kakhulu impilo yabo bonke abafundi.

Buyela ku Russia

Ngo-1740 i sisazinzulu wabuyela eRashiya. Kwakukho izizathu ezimbini: ukungafuni ukuya kwiziko ngandlel ziqulathe abafundi zazo neeyantlukwano abasisigxina kunye nootitshala baseJamani. Ekhaya kuqala wadibana kakuhle, kwaye sele ngo 1745, uMikhail Lomonosov waba uprofesa chemistry. Kwiminyaka nje eli-34 ubudala, nto ezo maxesha nje akukholeleki! Njengabo bonke abantu ezikhulu Russia, yena musani ukuzidla, nokuqhubeka ukusebenza ngaphandle ikhefu, musa ukulibala ukuba amisele ixesha ngalinye labafundi babo.

Famous ngokuba ukuzibandakanya rhoqo edabini komsindo kunye neengxoxo polemic kunye G. F. Millerom kunye nezinye "baseJamani", bawafake ingcikivo "nokuthotywa ngabom abantu Russian, namnqweno wokuqaphela impumelelo yayo zembali." Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba abaninzi abachasi bakhe baba iintshaba abanobubi unjingalwazi abatsha. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela zange amandla: nguMikayeli rhoqo ukwenza kwinzululwazi, yokunika imbeko ekhethekileyo ngemichiza. Nangona kulula ukuba igama indawo ulwazi apho yena akayi uphawu umsebenzi ngaphezu kwesinye! Lomonosov eyifuna wasivuna abadlali bakhe kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izazinzulu, phakathi kwabo kwakukho ikamva abantu abaziwayo Russia.

Nangona imvelaphi German G. V. Rihmana, ngubani zafa kabuhlungu ngexesha yemifuniselo kunye nombane, kodwa yena uxakekile ngosapho lwakhe a iibhonasi ophucukileyo kwaye ukhohlakele ngokwabo nixambulisana uyarhwexa kunye bureaucrats abangafuni ukuqonda igalelo umfi kuphuhliso yenzululwazi.

Abahlobo kunye Izitha

Kuyo yonke iminyaka bahlalise St. Petersburg kwiYunivesithi kwakukho iqela elikhulu abahlobo kunye neentshaba ezininzi, ngubani na imbi unomona ezilungileyo nxamnye naye lenkundla. Xa ngo-1765 wafa yinyumoniya kakhulu, ethandwayo ngelo xesha, imbongi Sumarokov wathi kwesi siganeko lusizi: "Yehlisa Isidenge akuyi kuba kungekho msindo ngakumbi" Ngethamsanqa, lo Ukugqwesa University kakhulu kangaka, yaye ngangoko ke abanquli bakhe abanyanisekileyo abahlobo kunye nabafundi ukuba Musa ukubamonela ukuba zabakungcikivayo kwafuneka kuqubha uzuko.

Ngelishwa, abaninzi abadumileyo kwimbali Russia abazange basinde bebonke isiphelo sinye. Omkhulu, Pushkin, "yonke yethu", yathotyelwa kwizangqa yeengcungcu intshutshiso bumandundu. Imbongi ayengathandi ngqo yakhe nokungafuni ukufana zayo. Kwaye yintoni ke abantu ezibalaseleyo Russia ngenkulungwane ye-19? Xesha, xa bayahlelwa ihlabathi kwiminyaka ezayo?

UKonstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

Nkqu West, apho kungekho wayeyoliswa kakhulu ukuqonda ukufaneleka abakhaya bethu, ngokwenene Tsiolkovsky uyazukiswa. Zonke yinqaba ukuba abantu abaninzi adumileyo naseRussia njengohlobo ngelo xesha, yaye ngexesha lethu, Ukuba ayisazi. Ukuze ixesha elide bekukholeleka ukuba uKonstantin E. - ". Iingcamango engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye nesayensi" Isazinzulu nje lukhuni kakhulu nge

Wazalwa ngo-1857. Xa ndandisengumntwana, mna ngumntwana odlamjke kakhulu kwaye ekucamngceni ukuba uza kudlala ngayo yintlekisa embi: liqengqiwe phantse yonke imihla yonke sledding, udiniwe yaye ezibomvana, yena kwakubanda kakhulu. phantse babulala sifo kuye. Emva alulame, yajika ukuba Kostya ngandlel uva ilizwi elikhulu.

Iziphumo, ekuqaleni zoqeqesho

Ukuva ilahleko, kunjalo, kukhokelele kwinto yokuba le nkwenkwe ububandezwayo fun eqhelekileyo oontanga bakhe, yena ziqalisa ukubonisa umdla ubuciko ebalaseleyo, mveliso zonke iintlobo zobugcisa ezinga qhelekanga ngomncedisi neyonwabisayo. Uvumbulula wayenxaniwe ongacimiyo ulwazi.

Phantse bonke abantu abakhulu Russian baba kwento ngqo efanayo: ngaxa lithile gunsmith luli Fedorov ufunde amakhulu iincwadi ukukhanda kunye zokudubula, wayeqhuba amawaka eksperimenti wakha inani elingu-iindlela ukuba kungqinisiswe iingcamango zabo.

Ngowe-1869 Kostya uya esikolweni. ke wakhumbula ukuba "isifundo wanikwa kunye ubunzima obukhulu, njengoko utitshala, phantse zange ndamva, waziva kuphela ukubetha abangenagama." Ngowe-1870, umzalwana wakhe omdala uyafa, yaye phantse nangoko waya engcwabeni, nonina, akakwazi ukubathwala aba ndaba ezimbi. UConstantine kuba nzima kunene.

eMoscow

Bawo, bebona amakhono amangalisayo nonyana, egqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele kuye eMoscow (1873), ukwamkelwa School of Engineering. Kakade ke, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukuva zange isebenze. Kodwa ikamva inkwenkwezi ukuhlolwa ugqiba ukuba ahlale e Moscow, benza kwimfundo-self. Bawo, unyana idluliselwe engange 10-15 ngenyanga nganye. Yaba imali enesidima kakhulu ngaloo mihla, kodwa Kostya wadla isonka emnyama kunye ulwelo iti.

Impendulo ilula: ngenyanga 90 kuphela iisenti ichithwa ukutya, nayo yonke enye into, zisaya kuthenga iincwadi, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto ezifunekayo ukuze experiments. Kwiminyaka nje emithathu, ukususela 1973 ukuya we-1876, ixesha Tsiolkovsky ngokungakhathali kakuhle phantse ezimbini inkqubo yokuzilolonga ngokupheleleyo ngokwazo, ehleli ngaphandle iintsuku kumathala kumaziko eMoscow. Ngowe-1876, uyise ingxelo ukuba impilo yakhe yayisiba, kwaye ibangela unyana wakhe wabuyela ukulungela ukusebenza.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

UConstantine wabuyela ekhaya kuphela isiqingatha-abangevayo, kodwa nzulu akuphazamisi umbono. Ngethamsanqa, uyise baba olubanzi kakuhle enxulumene, eyenza kube lula ukuthatha ngenkwenkwe isikhundla lokufundisa kwisikolo esiphakamileyo yasekuhlaleni. Apho wazibonakalisa kakuhle kangangokuba ezazigawula kuye abafundi imihlambi.

Ngowe-1878 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Ryazan. Kukho ukuqhubeka umsebenzi wokufundisa, Tsiolkovsky kwakufuneka uthathe iimviwo ngokupheleleyo. Nangona yokuba akazange unomdla yenkolo kunye nezinye iimfuno zale inzululwazi, wakwazi kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko ukufunda yonke into oyifunayo kunye ukhanye ukuze avavanywe. Enyanisweni, i-ukunxanelwa eningenakukholwa ulwazi onke amanani zembali kwilizwe lethu ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, lo mlawuli Petros Omkhulu, abo bafumana imfundo elungileyo kakhulu, angaba ngaphakathi kweeyure ezimbalwa ukufunda ngayo ifomula ezintsonkothileyo zezibalo, ukuba usebenzise kwaoko nabo izibalo zinzima kulwakhiwo iinqanawa.

kwimisebenzi yezobunzululwazi

Emva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela wabhala wakhe othi "Theory of Iirhasi" (ngqangi phambi kokuba ekufikelelwa ixesha lethu). Ukuqhela ISAZINZULU kubahlali uphando udlale naye a joke embi xa wathumela okubhaliweyo umsebenzi wakhe Mendeleev, yena waphendula ukuba zonke izigqibo echazwe kwisicatshulwa, kuyinyaniso ngokupheleleyo ... oko uphando yakhe nje akukho xabiso, kuba kwafunyaniswa ngaphezulu kwe 25 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Noko ke, ukungaphumeleli 'Russian Space uyise "andizange ndinikhathaze ngakufuna nto, nangona icaphuke. Njengabo amanani amaninzi embalini eRashiya, waba umlinganiswa kakhulu kunene. Kule ke sifana kakhulu kumntu na oxhaphaza imisebenzi yakhe kamva: uYuri Gagarin wayengomnye izicelo ezininzi ukubhabha yokuqala emajukujukwini, kodwa ngenxa ubenokuqina kunye unyamezelo Jura ligama kwaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Guqulela ku Aeronautics

Ngowe-1885, xa wayeneminyaka ubudala, engama-28 kuphela ubudala, Tsiolkovsky wayesele oluthile umsebenzi omhle kakhulu kwinkalo Aeronautics. Izifundo kwanika umdla kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukususela wagqiba ekubeni kuqhubana uphando kule ndawo.

Ukuya ku-1917 sisazinzulu wathumela phantse ngonyaka iidrafti-ngqangi zabo kumaziko zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe, wazama ukuba nomdla oosomashishini zabo zophuhliso. Yaba zatsho phantsi, naye akekho oqondayo. Phakathi abemi Tsiolkovsky bebalelwe ekubeni yinto yingozi lukhuni, kwaye kuphela yaphinda kuMoses abaphezulu kwi-mthetho kuye usindiswe ekugxothweni nentshutshiso.

Eneneni, abantu abaninzi ababalaseleyo Russia, kunye namanye amazwe ngexesha lokudla kwakhe akuzange uve bexesha lakhe akukho okulungileyo, yaye abaninzi kubo wafa ubuhlwempu nesithokothoko.

ukuqaphela

Emva kokuba Revolution, ubomi sisazinzulu yaba lula kakhulu. Sele ngowe-1918 ekugqibeleni kube wonyulwa ilungu Wawongwa the Academy of Sciences, aqalile ukuhlawula isibonelelo elungileyo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke into kamnandi: ngo-1919 endlwini sisazinzulu ibango baninzi ezintlanu abantu iimpahla zokunxiba, emva koko ngemibuzo iintsuku Tsiolkovsky ezihlanu zewayini of the Lubyanka.

ubungqina abalondolozwa amangqina kwakhona yaba sisiphumo kwesiqalekiso, kodwa ummangaliso kwenzeka: umntu evela izangqa eliphezulu umsebenzi omtsha inzululwazi urhulumente waseSoviet zazibonakala zibalulekile, kodwa kuba zikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Ngowe-1935 Tsiolkovsky, ukuba ubudala sele ezelwe, wabhala ileta eya Stalin, apho wavakalisa ithemba oneentloni ukuba uphando lwakhe luya kuvavanya ubuncinane amandla yiSoviet, njengoko kuzo zonke kwiminyaka edlulileyo, "yena ndandidiniwe enga iyagqabhuka intloko yakho ngokungazi nabo." Isimanga, kodwa Stalin kunjalo isenza le leta evela ezahlukeneyo imbalelwano, ngokuthumela Scientist waphendula.

Kuyo wabonga Tsiolkovsky ukuba igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso ulwazi lwenzululwazi, ukohlwaya kuqhubeka uphando lwabo. Okubuhlungu kukuba, kungekudala emva Scientist ofayo somhlaza isisu. Emva kokufa kwakhe, uninzi imisebenzi yabantu ezibalaseleyo ziye zahlaziywa ngokupheleleyo: iingcali ze ngenqwelomoya enomjukujelwa-namashishini kunye ofunyaniswe ukuba kule minyaka ilishumi phambi kokuba uphando olunzulu kule mimandla, codger endala ukusuka ukulungela sele bekhulile kule nkalo.

Tsiolkovsky theory malunga nophuhliso kwendawo ngokunzulu, ulwakhiwo imikhumbi e ukujikeleza koMhlaba, imfuno ukusekela zokuhlala zexesha elide kwi-Moon noMars ... Konke oku kwaye namhlanje ifumana ngesiqinisekiso imisebenzi zabaphengululi mihla. Ukukhumbula amagama abantu ezinkulu Russian akasoze awulibale Tsiolkovsky!

UKonstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky

Ukukhokela lokufaka Russian amanani abadumileyo, asingekhe silibale ngayo iinkokeli zomkhosi, ogama imisebenzi nje usindiswe ilizwe ekuhlaselweni. Ngoko uKonstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. Wazalwa qhinga elizayo ngowe-1896, ebudeni bexesha yoBukhosi baseRashiya. biographers bakhe bathi ukuba enyanisweni wazalwa kwangethuba 1894. Kodwa yehliswe ngandlel kancinci ubudala bokwamkelwa inkonzo eSoviet Army. Ukususela ebuntwaneni wabonisa ubuchule kunye umnqweno emkhosini.

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, waba umkhosi ngokuzithandela. Sele ngo-1915, oko ithiwe thaca kwi- Cross of St. George kumlinganiselo wesithathu, kodwa ibhaso kakuhle nelilifaneleyo ngenxa yesiphithiphithi ingenalo novelwano yaye abazange bayifumane. Enyanisweni, banikwe sengqondo Amaqumrhu kwii-odolo ezinjalo, akuzange kube kubi kangako.

Ngowe-1917, yena unyuselwe kwigosa non-wathuma, kodwa kamva ngonyaka nje ibutho yakhe apheliswe ngokupheleleyo, yaye Rokossovsky kwafuneka aqhubeke nenkonzo yakhe abaqhelekileyo Red Army. Noko ke, ngeenkonzo zakhe uKonstantin Konstantinovich ngokukhawuleza kutshintshelwa umphathi butho. Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, ngowe-1919, yena bebulewe edabini saber omntu of zamasekela Kolchak kaThixo.

Emva konyaka waba alimwi a webutho wamahashe. Yena inxaxheba phantse zonke iimfazwe ezinkulu kwelo xesha, wayefunda imisebenzi Tukhachevsky, apho eninzi podcherpnul luncedo. Yonke loo nto, kwakunye nobuhlobo bakhe abathile ngqwayi zinganakwa kamva non-wayalela igosa kwinkonzo Imperial Army kukhokelele ekubanjweni kwakhe ngo-1937. Enyanisweni, kule "inkathazo" abaninzi abadumileyo kwimbali kwixesha: i Korolyov enye, uyise inkqubo isithuba Soviet, wachitha ingxenye enkulu yobomi bakhe emva kwezitshixo.

ejele

De 1940 entolongweni. Le engenangqondo ekuqukunjeiweni bakhe ukuba "wabanjwa kwi isiqalekiso Adolfa Yushkevicha," nto leyo yaba sisinxulumani kwi Civil Rokossovskogo. Apha kuphela uKonstantin wayesazi ukuba umhlobo wakhe wafa kudala, kodwa ngenxa yokuba engasakwazi ukunika ubungqina nxamnye naye. Kuyinto elungileyo ukuthi akusoloko ingcinezelo bugwetyelwe.

Ngoko, xa biography of Rokossovsky yayi episode xa waphakamisa kwisahlulo sakhe kwimozulu embi kakhulu (oko kummandla kwelentshona ye-zamanzi). Abantu abazange impahla eqhelekileyo zifudumeleyo, amahashe ngamandla sicatshulwa elide. Ngenxa yoko, inxalenye enkulu yabasebenzi efika frostbite, abaninzi wabulawa yinyumoniya kamva. amahashe abaninzi ayaphula imilenze yabo. yalelani elizayo nje sinethamsanqa kuba izenzo zakhe ofundele "Ukungakhathali", nangona ngelo xesha kwabanjwa phantsi ezinjalo "ngabom 'yaye sono silingenwe kukufa phantsi kwemithetho imfazwe.

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kunye nexesha kwempi

Ngokupheleleyo ukuba wahlukile kweli dabi Kursk, xa ukukhululwa Belarus. Nabo kunye neentshaba wabhiyozela italente yakhe ukuqina emkhosini. Emva kwemfazwe, wenza lukhulu ukubuyisela Russian (yiSoviet) Impembelelo in Poland wakhe. Njengabo bonke amanani amakhulu kwimbali, wasebenza ungayekwa yena. Njengenkokheli wamajoni brilliant zhukov, awonisa eSoviet Army, Rokossovsky ayikwazanga ukulala iintsuku xa iimeko afuna ngayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Marshall ebesoloko abathi ukuqiniseka wakhe: ". Umkhosi kufuneka kusoloko ezopolitiko ngentla, emkhosini akufuneki angqamane kuyo" Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yoku, yena wayehlonelwa nokuba "ngamagosa" kwexesha eSoviet.

amazwi ezininzi ezibhaliweyo kwi Rokossovsky, ayizange kudlula ngenxa yokuba ukugculelwa. Wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba uKonstantin akanamdla kuphela perturbations kwi kwizikhundla eziphezulu amandla, kodwa achaseneyo angenelele kwimicimbi yezopolitiko.

Le ndoda wafa ngo-1968. In Rokossovskogo inkumbulo ibhalwe iincwadi ezininzi kunye neenoveli, omabonakude yakhe ezikhumbuzo zingafunyanwa kwi yonke lalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Tutorials kwimeko emkhosini, kunye namaqhinga ababhala uKonstantin nangoku efunda zezifundiswa yamajoni Russian Federation.

Kweli nqaku amanani amakhulu kwimbali - njengoko ukuqonda, hayi nje kuphela into sinokuba nebhongo. Uluhlu olupheleleyo bonke abantu abaziwayo ukuba ilizwe lethu bakhoyo ibekho ngenxa yawo, inde kakhulu. Kwaye ukuba igama ngalinye kunye ubuncinane ngokufutshane ukukhankanya iinkonzo yakhe iLizwe loobawo, akwanelanga ukuba incwadi etyebileyo kakhulu.

Ngoobani aba bantu mkhulu eRashiya? Bekuya kuba yinto ephosakeleyo ukuqaqambisa kuphela abanye babo. Masithi nje ukuba abantu bokwenene ngonobumba omkhulu. Abayi unqwenela udumo, kodwa bazama kangangoko kangangoko ukwenza umsebenzi licacise ilizwe kubo. Ngokuqinisekileyo kanye zezifundo ziya kupapashwa, uya leyo kudluliselwa ebantwini ezibalaseleyo Russia zenkulungwane yama-21. Sinokuba nethemba kuphela ukuba iinkumbulo ababephila ngexesha labo ukuvumela ukuba nithi ngawo ngokunjalo.