Ngubani na usodolophu komkhulu? Esi sikhundla, isihloko okanye isikhundla?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva eli lizwi - ". Wedolophu komkhulu" Oku: isikhundla okanye igama, isihloko okanye isikhundla? Nokuba inento yokwenza enkulu emkhosini? Xa yokuqala ukuvela ilizwi? Le mibuzo neminye emininzi kunokuba zezakho.

Funda kwaye uza kufumana iimpendulo kweli nqaku.

intsingiselo

Kumazwe amaninzi, olona lwimi eYurophu wayengekabi Latin. Oku kungenxa yokuba zakhiwa emanxuweni kanye enkulu uBukhosi baseRoma. Kodwa le lwimi kuthiwa "anento yokwenza Latin" njengoko kuchasiwe "wayengekho" kuba izizwe ezahlukeneyo, wahlanganisa lululwimi neziyelelane zabo zomthonyama.

Ngoko ke, igama elithi "usodolophu komkhulu" libhekisela olo lwimi. Eli lixesha lokuqala eli gama livela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe kummandla France yanamhlanje.

Ngoko ke indlu Merovingian wabiza senior umkhonzi. Eli gama livela indlela elisetyenziswa ngayo la magama mabini "Major" - "abaphezulu", "Domus" - ". Ekhaya" Oko ke iintloko umkhonzi wendlu.

Ngoko ke ukuhlangabezana izazinzulu kwi umbuzo wokuba yintoni usodolophu ebhotwe.

Yintoni ephawulekayo kukuba umfanekiselo lomthumeli, yintoni bonisa lackeys eshukumayo, eendaba kule posi wasemzini. Emva koko siza kubona oko kuphelela, yaye uya kumangaliswa izakhono zabo.

izikhundla ivela yangasemva

De kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe eYurophu, ingakumbi kwimo Franks, owamkelwa isihloko "Seneschal". Esondele ixabiso layo - "stolnichy". Kwisicaka esiphetheyo yokulungiselela kunye nokusasazwa ukutya nendlela eqhelekileyo yentsapho yasebukhosini ukutya, kwakunye namaxesha rhoqo kwi komkhulu.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yakhe, kwakunye amathuba okuqala ukukhula. Ukususela yesihlanu ukuya kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe kwi entendelezweni Merovingian nje omnye yamakhulu lackeys, kodwa emva kokuba zonke iinguqu.

Lo mntu uyakwazi ukulawula yonke ngaphandle kokukhetha, abakhonzi ebhotweni. Ukongeza, akwazi ubagwebayo ngokwakho, yaba uxanduva lokuququzelela wohlelo lentendelezo. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, phantsi domain yakhe yanika umkhosi, lo gama ukumkani ebengekho kuwo.

Ukuba ngenene Seneschal uba "ngasekunene uKumkani", viceroy yakhe. Ukususela ngelo xesha kufike isihloko kunye nendawo 'wedolophu komkhulu. "

Ngubani na usodolophu komkhulu?

Ide kwikota yokuqala kwenkulungwane yesixhenxe, abathwali kwesi sikhundla owenza umsebenzi 'oyintloko nabagadi babaviwa abancedisayo le uKumkani "," umlungiseleli komkhulu. " Kodwa kalukhuni ukususela ebukumkanini Dagobert I (ukuya kwiminyaka 628) usodolophu amandla ebhotwe equalized yaye kamva idlula kumkani.

Encwadini yeembali eli xesha, ifomula igcinwe, ukuba "kulawula ukumkani ulawula wedolophu komkhulu."

Nkqu iziganeko umdla ezininzi indawo kancinane emva koko. Ngokuyintloko kuxhomekeke ukuthanda isithuba ukumkani uba imbalo (ukusuka begazi kokusingqongileyo), yaye kamva ilifa. Ke kaloku usodolophu kwibhotwe wathabatha amandla ngokupheleleyo ezandleni zakho, kwaye kukho iimeko apho baye babhaca bona ookumkani wahlala etroneni.

Ityala zicacileyo oku yaba sisigqibo esithathwe unyana ka Karla Martella. Ekubeni ndifikile amandla Charles, usodolophu yasebhotwe - akukho nje "elincinane-idolophu irhuluneli." Kule minyaka uye waphumelela ulawulo yomkhosi kasodolophu elingummelwane yasebhotwe, waza waba 'ngumlawuli Franks. " Yintoni na ngoko zizakubalulwa unyana wakhe, sifunda on.

Usodolophu edume komkhulu

Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kwenkulungwane yesibhozo, amandla wedolophu ibhotwe ebukumkanini amakhosi uba ezizodwa. Kule meko, kukho imeko Britain mihla, apho intsapho yasebukhosini, "ngukumkani kodwa kulawula."

Kubonakala ngathi uKarl Martell wenza zonke ezinqwenelekayo. Kodwa izenzakalo ezilandelayo abonisa, izinto yahluke kakhulu.

Unyana wakhe, Pepin i Mfutshane, kunye ngoncedo Pope iqukumbela ukuya loonongendi le Merovingian lokugqibela, yaye unyukela etroneni.

Ngenxa yoko, usodolophu yokugqibela yasebhotwe, kwaye ke ukumkani wokuqala Franks ukususela kwiminyaka 751 uba ngunozala indlu entsha ukulawula. Encwadini yeembali kubonakala phantsi igama Carolingians.

Thina nawe kweli nqaku wafumanisa ukuba usodolophu ibhotwe - isikhundla kwi entendelezweni Merovingian, emva koko yaba indlu entsha ukulawula.