UPetros Paul Fortress eSt Petersburg: ifoto, imyuziyam, indlela

UPetros Paul Fortress eSt Petersburg kunye igolide spire high uPawulos Cathedral, kunye zilikhusi yamandla nemipu ravelins ukuba yonke imihla utshayelela indlela enkulu, intlondi waqonda sithi njengomfuziselo kwesi sixeko emangalisayo. Ivela ukwakhiwa yayo ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, imbali St Petersburg.

Njengoko indawo esifumanekileyo sokwakhiwa nqaba kunye nesixeko

Ukuqala benkulungwane XVIII. yaphela nje kweMfazwe Northern, eyathatha iminyaka engama-20, nokungapheli. Nangona balwa boyiswa bukhosi Russian ukuze kuqiniswe kwizikhundla zabo babeziindleko enkulu Neva. UMlawuli uPetros I wacinga ukulakhela kwezo ndawo ezinamandla inqaba, nenokuthi ukuvala balwa ukufikelela kwi-Gulf of Finland. Namhlanje kunzima ukucinga ukuba lo mmandla, leyo ngoku buyifanele St. Petersburg, ababekhe imigxobhozo kunye eyana ivaleke.

Kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18. zinto. UPetros wehla umlambo ezantsi ukhangela kwindawo eyayiza kuba egqibeleleyo ukwakha inqaba yomkhosi. ukukhetha kwakhe, wayeka kwisiqithi esincinane, ibekwe inxalenye zinzulu kwaye ebanzi emlonyeni i Neva. Kwaba khona ukuba wayefanele ukuba bakhule uPetros Paul Fortress, leyo ngoku ishicilela iifoto zonke iincwadana zokhenketho malunga St Petersburg. Kwaye ngoko ke ilivo uthi: Peter I senzo singagungqi arhola onencula ye lijoni omi ecaleni, uziqobe ezo umgquba isikwere emdaka, waza wathi ngokuqinileyo, ukuba isixeko siya kwakhiwa apha. Ke umlawuli wacela ukuba amnike umhlakulo elula baza baqalisa ukumba umsele ngayo. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa kwakhiwe inqaba apho kamva wakhulela kwesinye sezixeko ezintle nje kuphela eYurophu kodwa ihlabathi jikelele. Ke kaloku, isiqhithi eso kuthiwa Hare, yaye kutheni oko igama elinikiweyo, kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kwisahluko esilandelayo ibali lethu.

Imvelaphi yegama siqithi apho kumi uPetros Paul Fortress eSt Petersburg

Ngoko wathembisa ukuba ukubalisa kutheni Island Umvundla kuthiwa njalo. Ngelo xesha kukho izimvo ezininzi. Abantu Ibali ethandwayo ukuba xa Tsar uPetros wabeka unyawo kule siqithi izihlangu zakhe ngesiquphe watsiba yomvundla kancinane ubalekile kwemilambo. INkosi wasindisa isilwanyana credulous, uze emva koko imbeko kwesi siganeko ekuthiwa Hare Island.

Umntu uthi le bhayisekile kancinane ngokwahlukileyo: ukuba uPetros Ndaba noburhalarhume xa iyalibala abasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba kulwakhiwo, kwaye wayefuna ukuba abohlwaye. Apha atsibe wamamkelela ezingalweni zakhe ukusuka kwenye abaphinda nomvundla. Wahleka umlawuli wegqitha umsindo wakhe, yaye isiganeko immortalized kwi kwisihloko. Sinokuthi ukuba le yenye yezona ntsomi yokuqala, leyo Babanika umzi uPetros Paul Fortress. Le myuziyam okwangoku ibekwe kuyo, igcina emininzi amabali, kwaye izikhokelo ukhenketho bayakuthanda ngokubafekethisa abakhenkethi neendwendwe.

Enye inguqulelo ingaphantsi zothando, kodwa kukhangeleka lililo ngakumbi: izilwanyana elide-eared ngexesha kwesi siqithi phakathi kwe Neva wahlala amawaka, ngoko ke eFinland endulo ngokuba oko "Jänissaari", oko kukuthi iguqulelwe Russian njenge "uMvundla Island".

izakhiwo Cwangcisa kunye nezakhiwo endaweni yayo

UPetros Paul Fortress eSt Petersburg yasekwa ngo-1703, kwinyanga kaMeyi. isicwangciso zalo ngokwakhe mlawuli uPeter Omkhulu, lowo, njengoko siyazi, nolwazi ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi nobunjineli. Phantsi isicwangciso, kwainqaba i namacala mgaqweni, emagumbini apho ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela zilikhusi enamandla 6. Abahlanu kubo ogama lakhe behlonipha bahlobo basondeleyo ye-Russian Tsar: "Naryshkin nenqaba", "Menshikov", "Golovkin," "Trubetskoy", "Zotov", kakuhle, owesithandathu ubizwa ngokuba "iNkosi". Zilikhusi yaseYiputa ngokumila pentagonal. Undityhale phambili, baba ngabokuqala ukuthatha kwengqumbo lotshaba xa kuhlaselwa. Kwi empumalanga nasentshonalanga emasangweni iinqaba inshorensi inqaba - ravelins.

Kuba kumantla lenqaba efihliweyo izakhiwo ezininzi kwakhiwa iminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Xa iziko le odumileyo uPetros Paul Cathedral. Phambi kwakhe - yendlu kwingqwayi kaThixo, apho wayehlala kwingqwayi-inqaba. Emacaleni Ilungiselelo engundoqo indlu Engineering nomi ishishini (1749) kunye zokudubula yokugcina (1801). Xa kanye emva square kumi isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini, ezihonjiswe imiqolo ezimhlophe. Le endlwaneni umlindi.

Ekupheleni Ilungiselelo, iindwendwe ungabona isakhiwo omkhulu - (.-Sharing 1800) i-Mint. Kwakukho zemali kubalwa, iibheji ibhaso kunye neembasa. Ke kaloku uPetros noPawulos Fortress e St. Petersburg, kuba nguvimba iikopi ze emkhombeni uPetros I, apho umlawuli Ndandiqubha njengomntwana. Ngokuba kuye, oko kwakhiwa isakhiwo ezikhethekileyo - ndlu Botnia. Ekuqaleni, xa Wozisibekekisa ukumkani waqhubeka isitya elwandle yokuqala, kodwa ngowe-1940 kokuba asiwe kwi Central Naval Museum North kwikomkhulu, apho ihlala namhlanje.

Cathedral of St Peter noPawulos

Wonke babakhenkethi, ebonakele kuloo nqaba, usoloko idla ukuya kwi yecawa, leyo umi embindini ndawo mhlaba. Sekunjalo, emva kokuba zonke kukho into ukubona! Foundation webandla sabekwa 1712 phantsi kobunkokheli D. Trezzini. ithuba lokwakha Full phantse-20 iminyaka. Umhombiso yangaphakathi iphambili Cathedral - a yayisendaweni zobungangamela oqingqiweyo iconostasis. umhombiso Rich ibandla, kukho kwakhona "yobukumkani" - liqonga eyodwa apho umlawuli phakathi enkonzweni.

UPetros Paul Fortress eSt Petersburg kunye nendlu yayo yindawo yokungcwaba igazi zabalawuli. Igalari lebhokisi ST. UPetros noPawulos ukusuka Grand Ducal lokungcwaba Vault. Kubonakele yokusabela yokugqibela ezininzi iinkosana enkulu yeNdlu Romanov. Ewe, noPetros ke wangcwatyelwa apha. Xa ingcwaba kwakhona ezihonjiswe kunye iconostasis entle, kodwa ngelishwa, yena kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi natyebileyo nohombisoa elingaphakathi zalahleka okanye itshabalale ngexesha zokungqinga lwe eLeningrad.

Cathedral intsimbi tower

Kuba amathathu eminyaka umi ngokuzazisa ngaphezu kwidolophu intsimbi ende Cathedral of St Peter noPawulos, zabaPostile. Le nto ibalasele njengoko uPetros Paul Fortress. Ukwenza le Hare Island? Abakhenkethi akazange le nkathazo. Kwaye uyazi ukuba kutheni? Ewe, kuba xa umntu e kumbindi wesixeko, bekuya kubonakala spire zonke zegolide intsimbi ende Cathedral kunye unengelosi kwa phezulu. Ukuphakama nenqaba intsimbi 122,5 m, kwaye inkoliso spire - 40 iimitha angel figure evulekile - .. 3.8 m Enyanisweni, ukuba gild spire le uPetros Paul Fortress, wathabatha 8 kg ngegolide ecocekileyo.

Hi ndlela leyi, enqabeni ukwakhiwa sele iqalile ekwakhiweni yesezantsi intsimbi nqaba ngokwayo. Peter I wanika ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo. Kude kube kamva nje, ukuba isakhiwo ezinde eSt Petersburg.

Bayahlelwa inqaba

Isiphelo sale zokuzifaka apha kukuba ayiqhelekanga. Eyakhiwe ukuze bakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokwabo ekuhlaseleni zeentshaba, le iShushan soze inxaxheba ekulweni. Le ukudubula kuphela eziye zaba lenziwe nommandla wayo, oko volleys of kunaso, ekhwele kufuphi Naryshkin nenqaba, yonke imihla utshayelela ngoko kukuvela emaqanda e St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg). UPetros Paul Fortress kunye ezinika umdla kwintsimi wayo ilifa zenkcubeko nezembali wayo yonke Russia.

casemates uPetros noPawulos

Kwenzeka ukuba uPetros noPawulos inqaba got igama Russian Bastille. Iminyaka emininzi zaye zabanjwa apho lokuvalelwa ebaluleke kakhulu swigevenga karhulumente. Omnye yokuqala owayevale- esibuhlungu entolongweni Trubetskoy nenqaba, waba Tsarevich Alexei - unyana loMlawuli Peter I. Kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo kwizisele uPetros noPawulos ababekhonza izivakalisi entolongweni abantu abaziwayo ezifana umbhali AN Radishchev, IN Nikitin, umakhi PM Eropkin mbali VN Tatishchev. Inyaniso kwabangcangcazelisayo ukuba enqabeni wenza nasekubabulaleni.

Ngowe-1826, apho ke kuloo nqaba babulawa ezintlanu Decembrists Pestel Ryleev, Iimbovane-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin kunye Kakhovka. Kanye Oktobha revolution Russian, nto leyo nombindi Petersburg, uPetros noPawulos inqaba angaphinda isiphelo buhlungu ye Bastille - bafuna ukuba atshabalalise kwisiseko. Kodwa ke, Ngethamsanqa kuthi, kwiBolsheviks wacinga ngcono ngayo ngexesha, kwaye umtsalane ephambili eyinkunzi Northern wahlala emi endaweni yakhe. Ke kaloku kwizisele ezimnyama inqaba ngokucotha wayehambahamba abakhenkethi, ukuphulaphula amabali izikhokelo malunga ezidlulileyo kwegazi kuba uyakhunjulwa iindonga kobokuqala entolongweni.

kwemiboniso museum

UPetros Paul Fortress, iMyuziyam inika iintlobo excursions umdla, zezi zilandelayo phakathi kwayo:

- indawo.

- Tour kweNdlu ngomboniso-ngqwayi leyo.

- "Petersburg-Petrograd, 1703-1918 gg.".

- "amathathu eminyaka umzi" (utyelelo intsimbi nenqaba uPetros noPawulos Cathedral).

- "Street Ixesha" (isakhiwo Ubunjineli).

- Exhibition "Neva ludilike" (imbali enqabeni kunye yecawa).

- "Panopticon" (imiboniso ukusuka Kunstkammer).

Kwakhona Iindwendwe ziya kuba umdla ukuhamba yedwa kwi ummandla inqaba, ukuthatyathwa umfanekiso ecaleni oqingqiweyo odumileyo kaPetros I ngu uMikhail Shemyakin, nto idume uPetros Paul Fortress. Iifoto yawo yobhedu ungabona ngezantsi.

Wonke abakhenkethi kufuneka ubone kongezwe nomvundla, leyo yalapho igama layo ukuba Island uMvundla. Umfanekiso isilwanyana ibekwe kufuphi St John kwebhulorho.

Njani le nqaba

Phakathi abakhenkethi zithandwa kakhulu ezi iindlela, ezibandakanya utyelelo into efana uPetros Paul Fortress. Indlela ukufika apho, ngoku siza kuchaza. Indlela elula ukuya kwisikhululo metro "Gorky", emva koko uye ngokusebenzisa epakini ukuya isakhiwo emyuziyam. Gates ukuvula kubakhenkethi yonke imihla ukususela 8.30 ukuya 21,00, yaye ukuya khona, akufuneki ukuba enze nayiphi na intlawulo. Ke ngoku ngenxa yokuba tyelela Imiboniso lwembali, ukusebenza ngaphakathi inqaba, kuza kufuneka ahlawule. Amaxabiso amatikiti abasakwazi afanelekileyo, ukulungiselela umhlala kunye bafundi babonelelwe izaphulelo. Isiza yale nqaba kusakhiwa, ngoko ukuba ufuna ukwazi iinkcukacha ngalo mbandela umdla, ngoko ungaya nayiphi resource, emxelela malunga ezinomtsalane St. Petersburg, yaye apho ukujonga ulwazi.